Health impact assessment of air pollution in Shiraz, Iran: a two-part study (original) (raw)
Related papers
Environmental research, 2016
In the past two decades, epidemiological studies have shown that air pollution is one of the causes of morbidity and mortality. In this study the effect of PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2 and O3 pollutants on human health among the inhabitants of Mashhad has been evaluated. To evaluate the health effects due to air pollution, the AirQ model software 3.3.2, developed by WHO European Centre for Environment and Health, was used. The daily data related to the pollutants listed above has been used for the short term health effects (total mortality, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality, hospitalization due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute myocardial infarction). PM2.5 had the most health effects on Mashhad inhabitants. With increasing in each 10μg/m3, relative risk rate of pollutant concentration for total mortality due to PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2 and O3 was increased of 0.6%, 1.5%, 0.4%, 0.3% and 0.46% respectively and, the attributable p...
Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 2017
Health impact assessments are useful for governmental authorities and decision-makers to determine the need for action and address potential public health problems arising from exposure to air pollution. The present study was conducted to assess the short-term health impacts of ambient air pollution in Tehran using the AirQ 2.2.3 model for March 2013-March 2016. Hourly concentrations of PM 10 , PM 2.5 , O 3 , NO 2 and SO 2 were acquired from the Department of Environment (DOE) and Tehran Air Quality Control Company (TAQCC). Air pollution data was validated according to the USEPA criteria, and only valid monitoring stations for each of the three years were entered to the AirQ 2.2.3 model. The pollutant concentrations were lower in the March 2015-March 2016 period compared to the previous years. The three-year average (± standard deviation) of PM 10 and PM 2.5 concentrations were 80.21 (± 34.21) and 39.17 (± 17.26) µg m-3 , respectively. The three-year averages (± standard deviation) for ozone (O 3), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2), and sulphur dioxide (SO 2) were 54.88 (± 24.15), 103.97 (± 25.88) and 39.84 (± 11.17) µg m-3 , respectively. The total estimated number of deaths attributed to PM 10 , PM 2.5 , O 3 , NO 2 and SO 2 over these three years were 4192, 4336, 1363, 2830, and 1216, respectively. The health impacts attributed to all pollutants except for PM 10 were estimated to decrease in 2016, compared to the prior years. However, the air quality in Tehran still poses significant risks to public health. In conclusion, urgent efforts are needed such as mandating the replacing of old and poorly functioning vehicles from the roadways in order to reduce the health burden that air pollution is currently imposing on this city.
BMC pulmonary medicine, 2018
Some epidemiological evidence has shown a relation between ambient air pollution and adverse health outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of air pollution on mortality from respiratory diseases in Tehran, Iran. In this ecological study, air pollution data was inquired from the Tehran Province Environmental Protection Agency and the Tehran Air Quality Control Company. Meteorological data was collected from the Tehran Meteorology Organization and mortality data from the Tehran Cemetery Mortality Registration. Generalized Additive Models (GAM) was used for data analysis with different lags, up to 15 days. A 10-unit increase in all pollutants except CO (1-unit) was used to compute the Relative Risk of deaths. During 2005 until 2014, 37,967 respiratory deaths occurred in Tehran in which 21,913 (57.7%) were male. The strongest relationship between NO and PMand respiratory death was seen on the same day (lag 0), and was respectively (RR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.02-1.07) an...
Assessment of hospitalization and mortality from exposure to PM10 using AirQ modeling in Ilam, Iran
Environmental science and pollution research international, 2017
The aims of this study were to assess the health impact of PM10 on inhabitants and to investigate the trend of PM10 concentrations in Ilam, Iran, from 2012 to 2015. For these aims, daily average concentration of PM10 was obtained from continuous monitoring stations in the study area. Mortality and morbidity due to PM10 were assessed by AirQ software developed by World Health Organization (WHO). Based on the results, the annual mean concentrations of PM10 in all of years were more than WHO guideline and PM10 concentration had a decreasing trend in this study period. Total mortality attributed to PM10 was found to be 49 cases in 2012, 25 in 2013, and 33 in 2014. Hospital admission due to respiratory diseases was the most impact due to PM10. Increase in relative risk (RR) with every 10 μg/m(3) increase in PM10 from 2012 to 2015 years for total mortality, respiratory disease hospitalization, and hospital admissions were 0.6, 0.8, and 0.9%, respectively. The results of this study indicat...
Atmospheric Pollution Research, 2016
Kermanshah as fairly important industrial city suffered from air pollution specially dust storm during the recent decade. The main purpose of this study was to compare quantitatively the health impacts of PM 10 on citizens of Kermanshah city during two successive years. The hourly data of PM 10 was taken from Kermanshah Environmental Protection Agency (KEPA) which was measured by Beta attenuation method. We used a health effect model for quantification which was based on baseline incidence (BI), relative risk (RR) and attributable proportion (AP). Our findings showed that 7.6, 11, 15.1, 13.5 and 7.6 percent of total mortality (TM), cardiovascular mortality (CM), respiratory mortality (RM), hospital admission respiratory disease (HARD) and hospital admission cardiovascular disease (HACD) were attributable to short term exposure to PM 10 , respectively in 2011. With regarding to two years in view of short term health effects, we observed that 20 percent reduction occurred in 2012 compared with 2011. We also concluded that 48 and 12 percent of all health impacts were attributed to occurrence of Middle East Dust (MED) storms during 2011 and 2012, respectively.
Health Scope, 2015
One of the air pollutant indices includes particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 10 μg/m 3 (PM10). Particulate matter has extensive effects on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Dissemination of such particles for a longer period can lead to increased mortality and hospitalization. In this study, the data of PM10 pollutant were gathered from the Kurdistan Department of Environment. Furthermore, PM10 effects on the total mortalities, cardiovascular mortalities, respiratory mortalities, and hospitalizations caused by respiratory and cardiovascular diseases were analyzed using AirQ software. The results reported the highest mean concentration of
Health impact assessment of air pollution in megacity of Tehran, Iran
Iranian Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering, 2012
The aims of the present study were to provide quantitative data on the impact of air pollution on the health of people living in Tehran city, the most populated city of Iran. The approach proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) was applied using the AirQ 2.2.3 software developed by the
Air Pollution and Respiratory Deaths in Kerman, Iran (from 2006 till 2010)
Background & Objectives: The effects of air pollutants on respiratory mortality and morbidity are among the major concerns today. Few studies have been published on the association between mortality and air pollution in Iran. Methods: This study was undertaken in Kerman, Iran. Mortality data was inquired from the Kerman City Health Authority (from March 2006 till Sept 2010) and air pollution data was requested from the Kerman Province Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The Kerman Province EPA collects daily data on 7 air pollutants which are SO2, NO2, NO, NOx, PM10, CO and O3 by its urban measurement station. Results: The relation between respiratory disease mortality and air pollution was determined by negative binomial regression. The daily mean of PM10 in Kerman was above 150 µgr/m³(unhealthy) on some days of the year. The results showed a significant relationship between increased male respiratory mortality and increase in ambient dust (p=0.03), O3 (p=0.004) and SO2 (p=0.03), but did not show a significant increase in female mortality death for any pollutant. Conclusion: As there seems to be a significant relationship between increased ambient dust, O3, SO2 and respiratory mortality, susceptible people and those with background respiratory diseases should practice caution in case of increases in these air pollutants.
Air Pollution and Health, 2017
Introduction: Air pollution in metropolitans is an important problem and health concern. Air pollution increases respiratory diseases, significantly. We evaluated the relation between COPD and criteria air pollutants in six major cities of Iran including Tehran, Mashhad, Tabriz, Isfahan, Shiraz and Arak by AirQ model, developed by World Health Organization. Materials and methods: At first, hourly data of pollutants collected from the Department of Environment of cities and validated according to WHO guidelines. Quantification of the number of cases COPD were performed by using statistical analysis and the World Health Organization model. Results: Results showed total cumulative numbers of hospital admission cases due to COPD (HA-COPD) estimated in the present study were 372, 102, 130, 96, 55 and 29 cases in Tehran, Mashhad, Isfahan, Shiraz, Tabriz and Arak, respectively. According to obtained results, among seven metropolises, the highest and lowest COPD rate dedicated to Tehran and...
Assessment of health impacts attributed to PM 10 exposure during 2011 in Kermanshah City, Iran
The main aim of this study was to evaluate cardiovascular and respiratory outcomes attributed to PM10 in Kermanshah, Iran. In order to gather data, an Environmental Dust Monitor instrument was used at 3 stations throughout the city at a height of at least 3 m above the ground. We obtained an input file for the model from crude data and quantified PM10 using the AirQ model. Our estimation showed that 80% of cardiovascular deaths occurred on days with PM10 concentrations of less than 170 µgm-3. The number of respiratory deaths due to PM10 was estimated to be 46 people in 2011, showing a 48% reduction in such deaths compared to 2010. The number of patients with respiratory problems attributed to PM10 exposure comprised 5.61% of the total number of patients admitted to hospitals due to respiratory diseases. This lower percentage of morbidity and mortality attributed to suspended particles in Kermanshah in 2011, in comparison with 2010, was due to the higher exposure days with PM10 concentration of 200-250 µgm-3 in 2010. Every 10 µgm-3 increase in the concentration of suspended particles led to a 0.8 and 1.2% rise in the mortality rate due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, respectively. Additionally, the rates of heart and respiratory problems increased by 0.9 and 0.8%, respectively.