Characterization of Candida Species from Oral Thrush in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Seropositive and Seronegative Patients (original) (raw)
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Characterization of Candida albicans isolates from the oral cavity of HIV-positive patients
PubMed, 1998
Characterization of Candida albicans isolates from the oral cavity of Ethiopian Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-positive patients and HIV-negative individuals was undertaken. After identification of isolates using conventional methods and determination of carbohydrate assimilation profiles, serotyping was performed by slide agglutination with the Iatron IF6 serotyping system. Sensitivity of the isolates to 5-Fluorocytosine (5-FC) was assessed using the broth macrodilution method. There was no difference in phenotype, by any of the three methods used, between the HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals. Serotype A was found to be dominant in strains isolated from both HIV-positive (34/40 = 85%) and HIV-negative (17/20 = 85%) study subjects. These data suggest that the C. albicans strains causing oral candidiasis in patients with HIV infection are identical to the commensal ones found in healthy individuals.
Prevalence of Oral Candida Albicans Infection in HIV Sero-Positive Patients in Abakaliki
American Journal of Life Sciences, 2013
Oral thrush is commonly associated with HIV infection. The causative agent is a yeast strain that is originally a commensal of the oral cavity. Most species of the genus Candida that causes oral candidasis in HIV patients if not properly identified and treated with the drug of choice could result in resistant to the drugs and make treatment very difficult. This study was carried out to establsish the species spectrum of the common yeast(Candida albicans) associated with oral candidiasis in HIV patients on antiretroviral treatment in Abakaliki. A total of 240 samples were collected from HIV sero-positive males(64) and females(176) at the two hospitals. 40 control samples from HIV sero-negative persons were also collected. The samples were cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar and Candida species were isolated and characterized using germ tube test and sugar fermentation tests. Out of the 240 subjects(HIV sero-positive patients) examined for oral candidiasis, the carriage rate of oral candidiasis were 12.5%(30/240). Candida albicans accounted for 80.00% in HIV sero-postive patients, followed by Candida pseudotropicalis(10.0%). More women, 21(8.75) had oral candidiasis than men 9(3.75%). HIV patients whether or not on drugs were predisposed to oral candidiasis. C. albicans(76.19%) is the commonest species associated with HIV infected patients on ART(Active Retroviral Therapy) followed by Candida pseudotropicalis(14.29%), Candida tropicalis(4.76%) and Candida parapsilosis(4.76%). Among the patients not on ART Candida albicans(88.89%) was most prevalent, followed by Candida guilliermondii(11.11%). C. albicans still remains the leading cause of oropharyngeal candidiasis in HIV infected persons within the study population. Constant identification of isolates of yeasts infecting HIV infected persons and the immune compromised will further enhance the appropriate treatment and minimize the spread emergence of antifungal resistance.
Biotypes of Candida albicans isolates from the oral mucosa of HIV seropositive and control subjects
Purpose: This study evaluated the Candida albicans biotypes from oral mucosa according to some host variables, such as HIV infection; medication use – protease inhibitors (PI), non protease inhibitors (NPI) or no medication (NM); dental prosthesis wearing (PW) or not (NPW); and yeast variables (activity levels of protease and phospholipase). Methods: Samples from the oral mucosa of 193 HIV + subjects and 205 HIV – subjects were collected by means of sterile swabs and seeded onto Sabouraud dextrose agar. The isolates were identified by microculture on slide, germ tube formation, auxanogram, and zimogram. Ninety-two isolates were obtained from HIV + individuals: 49 from patients under PI, 31 from patients under NPI and 12 from patients with no medication. The control group comprised 63 isolates from HIV – patients.
The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health, 2008
Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) continues to be a common opportunistic infection in patients infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and is predictive of increasing immunosuppression. Though Candida albicans remains the predominant isolate, a rise in the frequency of isolation of non-albicans Candida (NAC) species is being observed. The levels of virulence and the sensitivities to available antifungal drugs vary among these species. Of 340 HIV seropositive patients in this study, 132 (38.8%) had oral lesions suggestive of candidiasis. Samples were collected from the lesion using sterile cotton swabs. Isolation and speciation were done by standard techniques. Antifungal drug susceptibility testing was done by macro broth dilution. The total number of Candida isolates was 135, of which, 45 (33.3%) were NAC species and 90 were C.albicans (66.6%). Of the NAC species, C. dubliniensis was the predominant pathogen (22,48.9%). Antifungal susceptibility testing showed that 14 (31.1%...
2020
Background: Oral Candidiasis is one of the most common opportunistic infection in People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA). Oral thrush is a reflection of the declining immunity in HIV positive patients. Distribution of the Candia species causing oral candidiasis along with their antifungal susceptibility will help in understanding the current scenario and aid in the treatment of the patients. Materials and Methods: The aim of this study was to document the current prevalence of Candida species causing oral thrush in PLHA along with its susceptibility to antifungal drugs in a tertiary care hospital in South India. A total of 140 PLHA more than 18 years of age were screened for oral thrush clinically. Oral swabs were collected and processed by standard protocol in positive patients. Results: Eighteen patients were found to be positive for oral thrush yielding 18 Candida isolates with 5 different species. C.albicans (66.6%) was the most common species followed by C.tropicalis (16.6%). Other...
High Oral Carriage of Non-albicans Candida spp. among HIV-infected individuals
International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases, 2016
Non-albicans Candida (NAC) spp. in immunocompromised patients are linked to invasive infections with narrow treatment choice. This study aimed at comparing the oral colonization of NAC spp. between HIV and non-HIV infected individuals in Mwanza, Tanzania. Oral rinse of 351 HIV-infected and 639 non-HIV infected individuals were collected between March and July 2015. Phenotypic identifications of Candida spp. was done using Candida Chromogenic agar and confirmed by MALDI-TOF MS. NAC spp. were detected in 36/351 (10.3%) HIV-infected individuals compared to 28/639 (4.4%) of non-HIV infected individuals; P=0.0003. In HIV infected individuals, commonly isolated NAC spp. were Candida tropicalis, 10(2.8%), C. krusei (Issatschenki orientalis) 9(2.6%) and C. glabrata 8(2.3%). While for non-HIV infected individuals C. dubliniensis 8(1.3%) and C. tropicalis 5(0.9%) were commonly detected. As CD4 count/μl decreases by one unit the risk of being colonized by NAC spp. among HIV infected individual...
Journal of medical microbiology, 2000
Opportunist infections involving Candida albicans often develop in HIV-positive patients and oral lesions tend to become more frequent as the disease progresses. Previous studies have shown contrasting results concerning the variability of the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) subtypes of C. albicans observed in HIV-positive patients. Carriage of C. albicans was determined by an oral rinse technique; 41 strains of C. albicans (78% serotype A and 22% serotype B) were isolated. There was a direct correlation between candidal load (cfu/ml) and the blood HIV load, whereas there was an inverse correlation with the stage of disease and the CD4 cell counts. The PFGE patterns of isolates were variable with regard to the number and positions of bands. The variability of the band sizes in some run positions showed a Gaussian distribution. Generally, the most frequent size variants were associated with the strains with the highest cfu/ml and lowest CD4 counts (< or =200 cells/microl)....
IP innovative publication pvt. ltd, 2019
Introduction: Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OC) is the most common opportunistic infection occurring in HIV infected individuals. Inappropriate use of antibiotics, antifungal agents and poor infection control practices has led to shift in spectrum towards non albicans candida species. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study for 6 months conducted at K.R Hospital, Mysore. HIV seropositive cases with oral candidiasis were included in the study. After informed consent, detailed demographic data was obtained from the study participants and two swabs were collected. One swab was used for gram staining and KOH mount. The second swab was immediately inoculated on two Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar (SDA) supplemented with antibiotics and incubated at 37ºC and 25ºC. Cream pasty yeast colonies on SDA were subjected to Germ tube test, morphology on Corn meal agar, sugar assimilation test and fermentation tests. Results: Total of 67 patients were included in the study. Pseudomembranous type of OC was common. All the samples yielded the growth of Candida. Candida albicans was the commonest spp isolated but 68.1% of the isolates were non albicans candida. C. tropicalis, C. guillermondii, C. dublinensis, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei and C. kefyr were the non albicans candida spp isolated. Conclusion: As some of the non albicans candida are intrinsically resistant to antifungal agents identification up to species level is important. Inappropriate treatment will lead to increased morbidity and mortality among these patients.
Multicenter Brazilian Study of Oral Candida Species Isolated from Aids Patients
Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 2002
Oropharyngeal candidiasis continues to be considered the most common opportunistic disease in Aids patients. This study was designed to investigate species distribution, serotype and antifungal susceptibility profile among Candida spp. isolated from the oral cavity of Aids patients recruited from six Brazilian university centers. Oral swabs from 130 Aids patients were plated onto CHROMagar Candida medium and 142 isolates were recovered. Yeast isolates were identified by classical methods and serotyped using the Candida Check® system-Iatron. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed according to the NCCLS microbroth assay. C. albicans was the most frequently isolated species (91%), and 70% of the isolates belonged to serotype A. We detected 12 episodes of co-infection (9%), including co-infection with both serotypes of C. albicans. Non-albicans species were isolated from 12 episodes, 50% of them exhibited DDS or resistance to azoles. Otherwise, only 8 out 130 isolates of C. albicans exhibited DDS or resistance to azoles. Brazilian Aids patients are infected mainly by C. albicans serotype A, most of them susceptible to all antifungal drugs.