Development of a Better Cadastral Practice at the Survey of Israel (original) (raw)
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Development of an Advanced Cadastral Management System at the Survey of Israel
SUMMARY The Survey of Israel is a national agency for geodesy, cadastre and geographic information. The Survey is responsible for cadastral mapping, as a partner of other ministries cooperating in documentation and registration of rights to land, according to a British law dating back to the period of the British Mandate (Survey Ordnance, 1929). Private licensed surveyors are deeply involved in the cadastral activity. The cadastre system in Israel is based on the British initiated Torrens registration principles. The responsibility for the inspection and the approval of cadastral block maps and mutation plans is shared by five district surveyors and a number of senior civil servants acting at SOI central office. This historical, geographic distribution led to heterogeneity of various local standards, working and management methods and procedures, data formats, hardware and software facilities, etc. In the era of worldwide standardization, the Israeli cadastre practice remained anach...
Implementation of Coordinate Based Cadastre in Israel: Experience and Perspectives
SUMMARY A long term process aiming to modernize the national cadastre system by implementing coordinate based cadastre, recently started by the Survey of Israel (SOI). This process is officially considered by SOI as one of its most important, strategic goals. In the beginning of 2009, SOI has launched a project aiming to determine optimal coordinates for parcel boundary corner points in the southern part of Israel, over the Negev Desert, containing about 50% of the country's area. Advanced GIS tools were applied to process, analyze, store and manage the cadastral data, along with GPS technology for the measurement of parcel boundary corner points in the field. Following a successful public bid, the project contractor carried out the following work: collection of all the existing cadastral information about the project area (scanned block maps and mutation plans, data concerning international boundary monuments, measurements of boundary-defining topographic features, coordinates ...
The cadastral mapping of Palestine, 1858-1928
Geographical Journal, 1993
The development of the cadastral system and land mapping of Palestine is a domestic issue of land administration whose early development took place primarily in Europe. Twentieth-century Palestine saw the transition from land registration, without proper reference of location, to statutory maps which became indispensable for land settlement and registration. This paper considers the introduction of cadastral mapping in Palestine in the years 1858-1928, and discusses the relative contribution of the Ottomans (1858-1914), the British Mandate authorities (1920-1928) and Christian and Jewish settlers (1869-1928), to the establishment of modern Land Books based on statutory maps. The British administration opened up a new era in which cadastral plans satisfied the demand for quality mapping and an advanced system of land registration. However, by 1948, the Mandatory Government of Palestine had completed the land settlement of only about five million metric dunams, which represent just 20 percent of the 26,300 square kilometers of Palestine's total land area. This settled area is almost identical to the boundaries of the northern part of the State of Israel recognized by the United nations in 1947. The fact that land settlement was not completed under the cadastral project, had remained ever since the focus of disputes over land ownership in areas of conflict between the Israeli government, Jewish settlers and Palestinian Arabs. The research of Baigent and Kain (1992) has shown that from the Renaissance until the late nineteenth century the cadastral map was, in many areas, an established adjunct to effective government monitoring and control of land. They have identified a number of uses to which cadastral maps have been put by state agencies, including evaluation and management of state land resources, land reclamation, land redistribution and enclosure, colonial settlement and land taxation. Maps also served as symbols of state control over land and as tools of enlightened government. According to Baigent and Kain, cadastral mapping constitutes an instrument of control which both reflects and consolidates the power of those who commission it, whether economic, social or political. The first half of the nineteenth century was something of an age of cadastral surveys throughout the whole of Europe (Kahn and Prince 1985). These included the Townland Survey of Ireland and cadastral surveys of France, Austria and Bavaria. In the United States the Original Land Survey was conducted, and in England and Wales a large and detailed survey was carried out under the Tithe Commutation Act of 1836. During this same period processes of Westernization and modernization began to fain momentum in the Ottoman Empire. From mid-century onwards these found expression in agrarian legislation, among other spheres. The Ottomans sought to make land laws more orderly and systematic in order to enhance their legal control in landrelate issues and to tighten the collection of land tithes. For this purpose, a series of laws reflecting considerable European influence were enacted, but no systematic cadastral survey was undertaken, despite the fact that one of their main objectives was to increase exploitation of the territory. Among these laws were the Ottoman Land Law of 1958, additions and amendments to the ottoman civil code in 1876 and the 1912-1913 laws. This paper will attempt to analyze the changes that took place in surveying and mapping in Palestine, which culminated in the establishment of a modern cadastre based on statutory maps in the years 1858-1928. This development transpired under two different political regimes; the multi-ethnic Ottoman Empire, in which Palestine was
EVOLUTION OF CADASTRE AND CADASTRAL MAPPING IN ALBANIA
http://mmm-gi.blogspot.com/p/vellimivolume-1.html, 2013
In Albania, the System of Immovable Property Registration, which realizes the registration of property titles, has been created. This system, based on parcel (property not only register of the mortgage office), includes all properties in the private and public sectors and unifies the Office of Cadastre and Mortgage Office in an institution. This system is chosen, because this type of registration system protects property rights, hence granting the owners the ownership certificates and certificates of real rights, since it is simple and low-cost, it is open, i.e. provides public information on any property (this information is needed to purchase real estate sales, etc..) and allows the construction and use of GIS (Geographic information Systems). The production of cadastral maps (1946 – 1991) is effected by using the classical methods (tachymetry) at a scale of 1:2500 and 1:5000. The maps are used not only for cadastral purposes, but also for different considerations, such as land irrigation systems, land management, and so on. Today, the strategy developed to produce cadastral maps for the entire country uses all data sources. This strategy has two main components: combining all the existing maps resources, and updating all the existing maps. The introduction of new technology has begun with the training of personnel and the purchasing of new equipment in order to extend mapping capacity. The new technology also includes use of the Global Positioning System (GPS) for surveying the control and detail points. A combination of all methods and technologies is used in order to achieve the best results. This paper addresses the development of cadastral systems and the registration of real estate in Albania. Also, it analyzes the stages of cadastral mapping and cadastral maps features created for the administration of property. Key Words: cadastre, cadastral map, cadastral mapping, land administration, System of Immovable Property Registration.
Establishment of Coordinate Based Cadastre in Negev Desert
2000
SUMMARY The Survey of Israel (SOI) has embarked upon an ambitious project to modernize its cadastre system and calculate precise coordinates for every parcel corner. Like in many other countries, cadastre data in Israel are archived in various formats (e.g., paper and digital), diverse forms (e.g., digitized boundaries, subdivision plans, survey notes) dissimilar methods of computation (chain distances or polar
Classification of Licensed Surveyors
SUMMARY The Survey of Israel (SOI) is a national agency for geodesy, cadastre and geographic information. According to a British mandatory law (Survey Ordinance, 1929), the SOI is responsible for cadastral mapping, including inspection and approval of block maps and mutation plans. Private licensed surveyors are deeply involved in the cadastral activity. One of their most important tasks is the preparation of mutation plans of changes in the cadastre. In 1964, a special law of public dwelling was enacted by the parliament. This law permitted the government to build a large number of houses within a short time and to carry out re- parcellation and registration of rights to land following the completion of the building and housing process. The objective of the law was to assist mass immigration. As the result of various difficulties in the procedure, more than 600,000 existing apartments are not registered in Israel until the present. An inter-ministry governmental committee analyzed ...
The Surveyor's Role in the Development of an Urban Construction Plan in Israel
SUMMARY Mapping and information technologies have rapidly changed and developed in the recent years, thus creating a new workflow in urban design and planning. The traditional workflow which used to be graphic and paper-maps directed has changed into a digital process. Planning involves an adequate knowledge of engineering, the legal systems, and significant local facts. These local facts include the characteristics of the natural environment, such as relief and topography, and information about the existing statutory conditions of land use, particularly as it relates to the land rights. Hence, there is a need for systematic data collection phase that includes topographic mapping at a proper scale, and compilation of statuary and local maps and data of the project area. The phase is critical to the success of the project since the planning team depend upon these data to be of reasonable degree of exactness and completeness. This article focuses on the role of the surveyor in the development of an Urban Construction Plan in Israel starting at the initial architectural sketch through the detailed engineering planning which will leads smoothly to the construction phase. It describes the planning and land rights registration procedures and the duties of the surveyor in these interrelated processes.
2009
The principle of the SHALOM system is the support of managing cadastral operations at the Survey of Israel (SOI). The developed system is modular in character and integrates cadastral operations in different departments and with supervising surveyors in privet practice, as well as with other government organizations. The introduction of the system of the SOI started in 2008, at the main office as well as in the offices of district surveyors. The procedure of checking mutation plans was introduced for an experimental period. The system permits management of computerized work procedures in cadastre, including monitoring various tasks, archiving documents, managing and recording telephone requests, advice given etc. The system is connected to various means of managing quality and of constructing a cadastral database. The system provides solution based on WEB for the GIS as well as for individual projects and for archiving. A senior manager, who is not directly involved in monitoring, c...
Cadastre and territorial government: from the first surveys to GIS
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Since its birth, the Italian Cadastre has been an essential tool for the government of the territory, not only from the taxation’s point of view. During the initial stages, coinciding with the unification of the cadastres prior to the unification of Italy, was collected an impressive amount of data, which led to the formation of the Land Cadastre. Through a meticulous work of survey of the territory and of the land ownership boundaries, it was made a detailed cartographic representation of the country. The cadastral mapping was supported by a network of reference points more precise and dense that adopted by the IGM (Military Geographic Institute). Subsequently, with the formation of the building cadastre, we were added data on the plans of all buildings of the nation. The paper, after a historical introduction, will illustrate the evolution of the Italian cadastre, which involved: the digitalization of archived data; vectorization of cartography; the involvement of professionals bo...