Comparison of Volatile Constituents of Acorus calamus and Asarum europaeum Obtained by Different Techniques (original) (raw)
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Essential oil composition of three species of Achillea from Kazakhstan
Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 2001
The Achillea genus (Asteraceae) plants grow widespread throughout Kazakhstan [1]. A. millefolium is used in folk and official medicine [2, 3]. It grows in mountain, forest, and steppe parts of Kazakhstan. The chemical composition of A. millefolium essential oil depends on the site of collection. According to different researchers, ascaridole (47.2%), caryophyllene oxide (20%), β-caryophyllene (1.5-45.5%), chamazulene (13.0%), β-thujone (8.3-21.7%), germacrene-D (36.3%), camphor (20.6%), and guaiazulene (9.5%) were found as the main components in the essential oil of this plant [4-11]. In our previous study, in the oil of A. millefolium 99 components were identified representing 81% of the oil. Artemisia ketone (10.4%), piperitone (7.5%), chrysanthenone (7.1%) and 1,8-cineole (6.6%) were reported as the main components [12]. A. nobilis is less studied compared to A. millefolium. It grows in areas bordering woods and moist meadows of North, Central, and East Kazakhstan. The composition of its essential oil of Italian origin were reported to contain germacrene-D (46%) as the main component [13]. Piperitone (10.3%), β-eudesmol (9.8%), and viridiflorol (9.1%) were reported as the main constituents in the oil of A. nobilis by our group [14]. A. grandiflora is not a native plant of Kazakhstan. It was introduced in culture at the Karaganda Botanic garden. Here we report the chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from Achillea millefolium, A. nobilis, and A. grandiflora. Water-distilled essential oils from aerial parts of three Achillea species were analyzed by GC/MS. The identified compounds and their percentages are given in Table 1. One hundred twenty-three components were identified in the oil of A. millefolium L. representing 93.1% of the oil. Camphor (16%), 1,8-cineole (8.7%), borneol (6.2%), β-eudesmol (6.1%), α-terpineol (5.9%), and α-bisabolol (5.5%) were found as the major compounds. In the oil of A. nobilis, eighty-seven components representing 90.2% of the oil were identified. Camphor (17%), 1,8cineole (15.6%), terpinen-4-ol (10%), borneol (7.2%), and β-eudesmol (7.1%) were characterized as the main components. GC/MS analysis resulted in the characterization of one hundred fourteen constituents representing 86.7% of the A. grandiflora oil. The main constituents of its oil were β-pinene (8.9%), selin-11-en-4α-ol (8.5%), and γ-eudesmol (6.3%).
Asarones from Acorus calamus L. Oil
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1990
Asarones (2, 4, 5-trimethoxypropenylbenzenes) isolated from the essential oil ofAcorus calamus L. rhizomes, are potent growth inhibitors and antifeedants to the variegated cutworm,Peridroma saucia Hubner.cis-Asarone added to artificial diet significantly inhibited growth and feeding by first-, third-, and fourth-instar larvae, whereas thetrans isomer produced an antifeedant effect alone. Gross dietary utilization (efficiency of conversion of ingested food, ECI) was decreased when the diet was supplemented withcis-asarone or when this compound was topically applied to fourth-instar larvae. Inhibition of growth occurred even at a moderate topical dose (5 μg/larva) primarily as a result of decreased efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD), even though the approximate digestibility (AD) of the food was unchanged. Oral or topical treatment withtrans-asarone also significantly inhibited larval growth, but in this case the effect can be strictly attributed to decreased consumption, as dietary utilization (ECI) was not affected. Both isomers displayed a direct antifeedant effect based on leaf disk choice tests. Thecis isomer was 7.0 and 5.5 times more potent thant thetrans isomer against fourth- and fifth-instar larvae, respectively. Our data suggest that the two asarone isomers have different modes of action.cis-Asarone is toxic in addition to having strong antifeedant activity, whereas thetrans isomer acts only as an antifeedant with no appreciable toxicity.
Journal of Essential Oil Research, 2010
The fresh rhizomes and roots of Asarum canadense were steam-distilled to yield oils in 1.30% to 1.96%, respectively. The oils were analyzed by a combination of GC-FID and GC/MS techniques. In the case of the rhizome oil, the total amount of phenyl ethers including methyl eugenol, elemicins, and asaricin was about 58%. In the root oil, (E)-isoelemicin was the major product (20%) accompanied by elemicin (4.9%). From retention indices on both nonpolar and polar columns and MS considerations, it may be inferred that methoxy-elemicin and both (E)-and (Z)methoxy-isoelemicin as well as the new hydroxyl derivatives : hydroxyl-elemicin and (E)-and (Z)-hydroxy-isoelemicins were characterized in the oils.
Journal of Essential Oil Research, 2007
Composition of the essential oils hydrodistilled from the aerial parts (flowers, flower buds and leaves) of Thymus capitatus Hoffmanns. & Link (Lamiaceae) growing in Jordan was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The plant was found rich in oil with yields of 4.3, 4.0 and 2.5 % (v/w) from the dried material of flowers, flower buds and leaves, respectively. Sixty-four components, representing >99.0 % of the oil, were successfully identified, with variable contents, in the oils obtained from the three parts. Terpenoid class composition was found to be comparable between the oils of the studied parts. Monoterpenoids represented the highest oil fraction of all the studied parts with a dominant level of oxygenated components. Leaf oil showed the highest contents of monoterpenoids (92.4 %), particularly, the oxygenated (71.3 %), while, the highest total phenolics (66.8 %) was observed in flower oil. Phenolic monoterpenoids, thymol and carvacrol, were always the principal oil components with respective levels of (31.9, 33.2 %), (30.8, 26.8 %), and (26.0, 37.3 %) in flowers, flower buds and leaves, respectively. Characteristic presence of the monoterpene hydrocarbons, p-cymene (6.4-11.8 %) and γ-terpinene (3.7-10.1 %) was also observed in the oils of all parts.
Natural Product Communications, 2013
The essential oil isolated from Asarum cordifolium C. E. C. Fischer recently discovered in Vietnam, and A. glabrum Merr., an endangered species listed as vulnerable in the Red Data Book of Vietnam, have been analyzed by a combination of chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques including 13 C NMR spectroscopy. The composition of A. cordifolium essential oil, investigated for the first time, was dominated by elemicin (82.5%). The essential oil isolated from A. glabrum contained safrole (41.9%) as its major component and was characterized by the diversity of phenylpropanoids contained in this oil (10 compounds).
Essential Oil Compositions of Aframomum danielli Seed (Ataiko)
Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry
Background: Differentiation in oil quality and the volatile component of essential oils (EOs) is associated with climatic conditions, the geographical location of collection sites and other ecological and genetic factors defining its chemotypes. Objective: Hence this study was aimed at characterizing volatile constituents of Aframomum danielli seed collected in Choba, Port Harcourt in Rivers State, South-South region of Nigeria. Methods: Essential oils (EOs) were analyzed using gas chromatography–flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Results: A total of forty-two EO (99.96%) constituents were identified, monoterpenes were 32 (99.93%) and sesquiterpenes: 10 (0.03%) No oxygenated sesquiterpenes were detected. Oxygenated monoterpene was higher consisting of 18 EO compounds; 66.94% while monoterpene hydrocarbons comprised of 14 EO compounds; 32.99%. Chemical constituents in the EO include: 1,8- cineole (50.95%), β-pinene (11.79%) –terpineol (9.15%), γ –terpinene (7.45%), Sabinene (6.03%)...
Composition of the Essential Oils of Three, Acmadenia Species from South Africa
2006
Hydrodistilled essential oils from the leaves of Acmadenia alternifolia Cham., A. obtusata (Thunb.) Batl. et H.L. Wendle and A. sheilae I. Williams were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Twenty-two compounds were characterized in the oil of A. alternifolia representing 94.6% of the total composition. Main compounds were monoterpene hydrocarbons: β-pinene (30.6%), β-phellandrene (17.8%), α-pinene (14.5%), limonene (6.9%) and sabinene (6.6%). Forty-seven compounds were characterized in the oil of A. obtusata representing 96.7% of the oil with monoterpene hydrocarbons α-pinene (27.4%), β-phellandrene (23.2%), β-pinene (15.1%) and limonene (7.5%) and a linear monoterpene alcohol linalool (7.6%) as main constituents. In the oil of A. sheilae, 26 compounds were characterized representing 94.6% of the total oil. Monoterpene hydrocarbons were also predominant in this oil with acyclic monoterpene myrcene (25.1%) together with sabinene (16.1%), β-pinene (9.3%), α-pinene (9.3%) and linalool (9.0%) as main constituents.
A review on chemical constituents of essential oils of Aframomum genus
Journal of Phytology, 2021
Aframomum K.Schum is a genus native to Africa belonging to Zingiberaceae. Members of the genus Aframomum are the aromatic and perennial rhizomatous herbs. Many plant parts of Aframomum species contain essential oils, including fruits, seeds, leaves, stems, rhizomes, pods, husks, pericarps, limbos and leaf sheaths. The major constituents of Aframomum plants are mainly composed of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes, oxygenated sesquiterpenes and monoterpene hydrocarbons. The present work provides the comprehensive information regarding the volatile components of various Aframomum species.