Composition of the Essential Oils of Three, Acmadenia Species from South Africa (original) (raw)
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Essential oil composition of three species of Achillea from Kazakhstan
Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 2001
The Achillea genus (Asteraceae) plants grow widespread throughout Kazakhstan [1]. A. millefolium is used in folk and official medicine [2, 3]. It grows in mountain, forest, and steppe parts of Kazakhstan. The chemical composition of A. millefolium essential oil depends on the site of collection. According to different researchers, ascaridole (47.2%), caryophyllene oxide (20%), β-caryophyllene (1.5-45.5%), chamazulene (13.0%), β-thujone (8.3-21.7%), germacrene-D (36.3%), camphor (20.6%), and guaiazulene (9.5%) were found as the main components in the essential oil of this plant [4-11]. In our previous study, in the oil of A. millefolium 99 components were identified representing 81% of the oil. Artemisia ketone (10.4%), piperitone (7.5%), chrysanthenone (7.1%) and 1,8-cineole (6.6%) were reported as the main components [12]. A. nobilis is less studied compared to A. millefolium. It grows in areas bordering woods and moist meadows of North, Central, and East Kazakhstan. The composition of its essential oil of Italian origin were reported to contain germacrene-D (46%) as the main component [13]. Piperitone (10.3%), β-eudesmol (9.8%), and viridiflorol (9.1%) were reported as the main constituents in the oil of A. nobilis by our group [14]. A. grandiflora is not a native plant of Kazakhstan. It was introduced in culture at the Karaganda Botanic garden. Here we report the chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from Achillea millefolium, A. nobilis, and A. grandiflora. Water-distilled essential oils from aerial parts of three Achillea species were analyzed by GC/MS. The identified compounds and their percentages are given in Table 1. One hundred twenty-three components were identified in the oil of A. millefolium L. representing 93.1% of the oil. Camphor (16%), 1,8-cineole (8.7%), borneol (6.2%), β-eudesmol (6.1%), α-terpineol (5.9%), and α-bisabolol (5.5%) were found as the major compounds. In the oil of A. nobilis, eighty-seven components representing 90.2% of the oil were identified. Camphor (17%), 1,8cineole (15.6%), terpinen-4-ol (10%), borneol (7.2%), and β-eudesmol (7.1%) were characterized as the main components. GC/MS analysis resulted in the characterization of one hundred fourteen constituents representing 86.7% of the A. grandiflora oil. The main constituents of its oil were β-pinene (8.9%), selin-11-en-4α-ol (8.5%), and γ-eudesmol (6.3%).
Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 2020
Chemical composition of essential oils hydrodistilled from aerial parts of Achillea fragrantissima (Forssk.) Sch. Bip. and Achillea santolina L. growing in Jordan was analysed using GC and GC/MS. The analysis identified 30 compounds in the oil isolated from A. santolina, and 23 and 22 constituents in the oils hydrodistilled from A. fragrantissima collected from north and south Jordan, respectively. Eucalyptol was the chief oil constituent of A. santolina (25.2 %) oil, while, β-sesquiphellandrene (28.6 %) and α-thujone (33.8 %) were the principal constituents of A. fragrantissima oils collected from north and south Jordan, respectively. Achillea santolina oil had a higher overall percentage of monoterpenoid content compared to the oils of A. fragrantissima of north and south Jordan, with oxygenated monoterpenes comprising the largest portion of this monoterpenoid content. On the other hand, essential oils obtained from A. fragrantissima were richer in sesquiterpenoids, with sesquiterpene hydrocarbons constituting the highest percentage of this content.
Natural Product Communications, 2008
The essential oils from two members of the Asteraceae ( Acanthospermum hispidum DC. aerial parts, and leaves of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray), growing wild in Osun State, Nigeria, have been characterised by combined gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses. Twenty-nine components have been fully identified and grouped into monoterpene hydrocarbons (22.2%), oxygenated monoterpenes (4.6%), sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons (58.2%) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (10.8%) in A. hispidum. The main constituents of the oil were β-caryophyllene (28.0%), α-pinene (15.9%) and bicyclogermacrene (11.0%) among the hydrocarbon compounds, and bisabolol (8.9%) and carvacrol methyl ether (4.1%) among the oxygenated components. Tithonia diversifolia essential oil comprised seventeen components and was characterised by a predominant content of monoterpene hydrocarbons (87.9%), cis-β-ocimene (43.7%), α-pinene (28.6%) and limonene (12.0%) being the main compou...
Essential oils from the leaves of six medicinal plants of Nigeria
Natural product communications, 2013
The chemistry of Cassia siamea L., C. occidentalis L. (Fabaceae), Cnestis ferruginea Vahl ex DC (Connaraceae), Anthocleista djalonensis A. Chev (Loganiaceae), Solanum torvum Swartz and S. erianthum G. Don (Solanaceae) volatiles grown in Nigeria have been studied. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The main compounds of C. siamea were (E)-geranyl acetone (5.8%), 1-octen-3-ol (5.8%), linalool (7.8%), iso-italicene (15.4%) and (E)-beta-damascenone (11.0%). On the other hand, C. occidentalis consisted mainly of (E)-geranyl acetone (8.0%), hexahydrofarnesylacetone (24.0%) and (E)-phytol acetate (40.7%). The oil of C. ferruginea was comprised mainly of (E)-geranyl acetone (13.7%), (E)-alpha-ionone (9.5%), phytol (5.8%), pentadecanal (6.1%) and 1-octen-3-ol (5.5%). The main compounds of A. djalonensis were alpha-humulene (31.9%), beta-caryophyllene (17.8%), humulene epoxide II (12.7%) and caryophyllene oxide (5.9%). The main volatiles of S. ...
Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 2008
The major composition of the essential oils of these species from aerial parts growing wild in Iran analysed by GC and GC-MS. The essential oil of Achillea eriophora DC. were identified and major compounds were camphor (30.40 %), 1,8 cineol (25.24 %) and camphene (6.21 %). The essential oil of A. nobilis L. subsp neilreichii (Kerner) Formanek was found to contain: α-thujone (34.06 %), 1,8-cineole (14.14 %) and β-cedren epoxide (9.63 %) as the major constituents.
Revista de Chimie
In the present study we have investigated the chemical composition of the essential oils extracted by the procedure of hydrodistillation, from fresh flowers of Matricaria Chamomilla L. and Achillea Millefolium from Romania, two genres belonging to the same family, Asteraceae. The obtained essential oils were analyzed using the techniques of Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometer and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. It was found that both essential oils were dominated by the presence of terpenes. Aliphatic components were modest represented in both essential oils. The results were compared with those reported by other authors. Similarities consist in the domination of the same class of compounds and in the same modest representation of others. One of differences consists in the presence of some compounds with significant medicinal role, which were not reported by other authors. Another difference consists in the presence of some compounds in higher concentrations t...
Essential oils composition of different Achillea santolina L. plant parts growing in Algeria
Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine
The essential oils (EOs) of leaves, flowers and stems of Achillea santolina L. (Asteraceae) collected at complete flowering stage from Southwest of Algeria, were isolated by hydrodistillation and subsequently analyzed by means of GC and GC/MS. Quantitative and qualitative differences in chemical compositions between the studied parts of this plant were observed. The EOs were rich in oxygenated monoterpenes (65.91-79.94%). The major constituents in the flowers, leaves and stems were:
Journal of Essential …, 2008
Different parts of Acorus calamus L. (Araceae) and Asarum europeaum L. (Aristolochiaceae) growing in Poland were subjected to headspace-SPME (HS-SPME) and the same plant material were hydrodistilled (HD) to obtain the profiles of their volatile constituents. In both cases, compounds of essential oils and headspace volatiles were identified and quantified by GC and GC/MS. The results showed that the similar compounds were detected in the vapor phases and in the oils derived from both plants. The 68 compounds in the oil and 40 in SPME headspace of A. calamus were identified representing 99.3% and 97.3% of the total components detected, respectively. The main constituents of the oil of A. calamus were acorenone (14.6%), shyobunone isomer (10.5%) and (Z)-asarone (10.4%). The acorenone integrated with (E)-asarone (50.1%), 6,11-oxidoacor-4-ene (9.0%), iso-caryophyllene (8.6%) were found as the main constituents in the SPME phase of A. calamus. The analysis of the oil and the SPME headspace of roots of A. europaeum led to detection of 34 and 34 compounds representing 86.9% and 80.5% of the total components detected, respectively. The main compounds of the oil were (E)-asarone, 59.1% and bornyl acetate, 7.5%. And the leading constituents of SPME phase of roots were (E)-asarone, 57.3% and bornyl acetate, 8.3%.
According to distribution of genus Achillea, two main centers of diversity occur in S.E. Europe and S.W. Asia. Diversified essential oil compositions from Balkan Peninsula have been numerously reported. However, report on essential oils of Achillea species growing in Turkey, which is one of the main centers of diversity, is very limited. This paper represents the chemical compositions of the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of eleven Achillea species, identified simultaneously by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The main components were found to be 1,8-cineole, p-cymene, viridiflorol, nonacosane, α-bisabolol, caryophyllene oxide, α-bisabolon oxide A, β-eudesmol, 15-hexadecanolide and camphor. The chemical principal component analysis based on thirty compounds identified three species groups and a subgroup, where each group constituted a chemotype. This is the first report on the chemical composition of A. hamzaoglui essential oil; as well as the antioxidant and antimicrobial evaluation of its essential oil and methanolic extract.