Cloning: a basic bioethical analysis (original) (raw)

Bioethics and Cloning, Part II

Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal, 2002

The Committee recommends a complete ban on cloning human embryos for the purposes of reproduction, but would permit therapeutic cloning under strict regulation by a statutory body to be established for that purpose. Bonnicksen, Andrea L. Crafting a Cloning Policy: From Dolly to Stem Cells. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2002. 220 p. In the last chapter, "Toward Responsible Policymaking," Bonnicksen distinguishes four policy approaches (broad or narrow legislation, existing regulation or adjustments to it) to cloning. Mindful of change in both politics and science, she favors adjusting existing regulation as the best way to promote future discussion, debate, and deliberation. Brannigan, Michael C. Ethical Issues in Human Cloning: Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives. New York: Seven Bridges Press, 2001. 244 p. Drawing together essays from the perspectives of science, religion, philosophy, and law, Brannigan provides a useful anthology of resources for classroom use or personal study.

The Ethical Issues of Human Cloning

Currently there are two types of cloning under debate – cloning to produce children, and cloning for biomedical research. The main issues that lie at the heart of this ethical debate are: the morally relevant status of an embryo, procreation vs. manufacture, and the implications it may have on the family and the wider society. This essay describes the main purposes of both types of cloning, and discusses the moral issues involved.

Human Cloning and Embryo Research: The 2003 John J. Conley Lecture on Medical Ethics

Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics, 2000

Council on Bioethics, discusses ethical issues raised by human cloning, whether for purposes of bringing babies to birth or for research purposes. He first argues that every cloned human embryo is a new, distinct, and enduring organism, belonging to the species Homo sapiens, and directing its own development toward maturity. He then distinguishes between two types of capacities belonging to individual organisms belonging to this species, an immediately exerciseable capacity and a basic natural capacity that develops over time. He argues that it is the second type of capacity that is the ground for full moral respect, and that this capacity (and its concomitant degree of respect) belongs to cloned human embryos no less than to adult human beings. He then considers and rejects counter-arguments to his position, including the suggestion that the capacity of embryos is equivalent to the capacity of somatic cells, that full human rights are afforded only to human organisms with functioning brains, that the possibility of twinning diminishes the moral status of embryos, that the fact that people do not typically mourn the loss of early embryos implies that they have a diminished moral status, that the fact that early spontaneous abortions occur frequently diminishes the moral status of embryos, and that his arguments depend upon a concept of ensoulment. He concludes that if the moral status of cloned human embryos is equivalent to that of adults, then public policy should be based upon this assumption.

Ethical Aspects and Laws of Reproduction Cloning in Humans

2020

The original clone that was naturally further evolved into artificial cloning since the end of the 20th century continues to grow rapidly and became a hot issue as ' Dolly the sheep ' sticking up the surface. There are many obstacles, misperceptible and controversies especially for biomolecular researchers and biotechnology. The topic of cloning is very interesting and challenging and is believed to bring benefits to the advancement of humanity, on the other hand cloning directly related to humanity's values, ethics, and the full laws of controversies. Cloning can be utilized as a therapist, reproductively, and a replacement. This article is the result of normative legal research that is based on secondary data. Cloning reproductions produce multicell organisms that are genetically idientic without fertilization to form a human clone that removes the unique nature and becomes a burden of immense expectation and environmental acceptance issues also lose Growth period experience. Cloning can be abused as a commodity of goods that can be traded for the benefit of organ transparency, labor, similarity of figures as well as other exploitative acts rather than as a whole person who is feared to be Destroying human dignity so that it is necessary to immediately create strict rules about human cloning.

Ethics and cloning

British Medical Bulletin, 2018

Background: Scientists have cloned animals since the late 19th century, but the crucial step for ethics was the cloning of the first mammal by somatic cell nuclear transfer in 1997. This suggested that scientists could also clone, and possibly enhance, human beings. Sources of data: This survey examines ethical literature on cloning since the 1960s. Areas of agreement: The one ethical area of agreement in this issue is that we should not try to create new human beings by somatic cell nuclear transfer now. Areas of controversy: Ethicists disagree, however, on what justifies this norm. Some appeal to preference satisfaction and freedom from external constraints, others question this approach by more profound religious and moral considerations. Growing points: The discussion is currently not progressing, as the same arguments have been in use since the 1970s. Areas timely for developing research: Philosophers should prepare deeper analyses of the presuppositions of the ethical arguments used in the discussion before the issue surfaces again.

Ethical dimensions of therapeutic human cloning

2002

Therapeutic human cloning has the potential significantly to reduce human suffering and enhance human happiness. This is the main ethical argument in its favour. The main ethical arguments against it centre on questions to do with the moral status of the human embryo. A subsidiary set of arguments arises from the connections between therapeutic human cloning and reproductive cloning.

"Goodbye Dolly?" The ethics of human cloning

The ethical implications of human clones have been much alluded to, but have seldom been examined with any rigour. This paper examines the possible uses and abuses of human cloning and draws out the principal ethical dimensions, both of what might be done and its meaning. The paper examines some of the major public and official responses to cloning by authorities such as President Clinton, the World Health Organisation, the European parliament, UNESCO, and others and reveals their inadequacies as foundations for a coherent public policy on human cloning. The paper ends by defending a conception of reproductive rights or "procreative autonomy" which shows human cloning to be not inconsistent with human rights and dignity.