The Ethical Issues of Human Cloning (original) (raw)
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Ethical issues in human cloning
International Journal of Humanities and Innovation (IJHI)
Cloning, which for years has remained a fiction, has finally become a reality today. Genetic engineers can now clone animals to achieve a desired type of product with unique or specific genetic make-ups. Presently, actors in this field have produced cloned sheep, mice, monkeys, pigs and cows. This paper may not exhaust the list if it continues to outline the achievements of genetic engineers today. What is discussed in this research are not only the achievements of genetic engineers, rather the ethical problems surrounding them. How moral is it to clone a cow that will grow up abnormally and die in the shortest time? Also, human beings developed through cloning will experience identity problems, authenticity, freedom, autonomy, and the problem of uniqueness. These problems and more are what this research seeks to address using the methods of analysis, evaluation, and deduction.
Human Cloning and Embryo Research: The 2003 John J. Conley Lecture on Medical Ethics
Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics, 2000
Council on Bioethics, discusses ethical issues raised by human cloning, whether for purposes of bringing babies to birth or for research purposes. He first argues that every cloned human embryo is a new, distinct, and enduring organism, belonging to the species Homo sapiens, and directing its own development toward maturity. He then distinguishes between two types of capacities belonging to individual organisms belonging to this species, an immediately exerciseable capacity and a basic natural capacity that develops over time. He argues that it is the second type of capacity that is the ground for full moral respect, and that this capacity (and its concomitant degree of respect) belongs to cloned human embryos no less than to adult human beings. He then considers and rejects counter-arguments to his position, including the suggestion that the capacity of embryos is equivalent to the capacity of somatic cells, that full human rights are afforded only to human organisms with functioning brains, that the possibility of twinning diminishes the moral status of embryos, that the fact that people do not typically mourn the loss of early embryos implies that they have a diminished moral status, that the fact that early spontaneous abortions occur frequently diminishes the moral status of embryos, and that his arguments depend upon a concept of ensoulment. He concludes that if the moral status of cloned human embryos is equivalent to that of adults, then public policy should be based upon this assumption.
Ethical Aspects within Human Cloning
Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2013
The fast evolution of the society and the various economic and social sectors requires an ethical approach of how the information is used. This aspect does not only have legal implications, but also appeals to the moral conscience of the individual. Since the artificial cloning of Dolly the sheep, scientists have launched the question whether in a not so distant future a human being will also be created artificially. According to the legislation in force, human reproduction is forbidden; yet, in some countries, therapeutic cloning is no longer illegal.
Original Paper Ethical Considerations on Human Cloning-ŞTEFANIA ENESCU (4
Cloning is the process by which a genetically identical copy of a certain bacteria, plant or animal is produced by asexual reproduction. There are two types discussed human cloning: therapeutic cloning and reproductive cloning, more likely to achieve a therapeutic cloning is more accessible in terms of technique, but also less morally problematic. Ethics of human cloning has become an important issue in recent years. Legalize human cloning is in the heart of the debate world, was proposed legalizing therapeutic cloning as the only way to investigate, with chances of success, the basic criterion for funding such programs as the main objective being to find treatments for incurable diseases. The cloning of human organs and their use for transplantation or cloning human beings must be taken into account technical and economic barriers.
Ethical Aspects and Laws of Reproduction Cloning in Humans
2020
The original clone that was naturally further evolved into artificial cloning since the end of the 20th century continues to grow rapidly and became a hot issue as ' Dolly the sheep ' sticking up the surface. There are many obstacles, misperceptible and controversies especially for biomolecular researchers and biotechnology. The topic of cloning is very interesting and challenging and is believed to bring benefits to the advancement of humanity, on the other hand cloning directly related to humanity's values, ethics, and the full laws of controversies. Cloning can be utilized as a therapist, reproductively, and a replacement. This article is the result of normative legal research that is based on secondary data. Cloning reproductions produce multicell organisms that are genetically idientic without fertilization to form a human clone that removes the unique nature and becomes a burden of immense expectation and environmental acceptance issues also lose Growth period experience. Cloning can be abused as a commodity of goods that can be traded for the benefit of organ transparency, labor, similarity of figures as well as other exploitative acts rather than as a whole person who is feared to be Destroying human dignity so that it is necessary to immediately create strict rules about human cloning.
Bioethics and Cloning, Part II
Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal, 2002
The Committee recommends a complete ban on cloning human embryos for the purposes of reproduction, but would permit therapeutic cloning under strict regulation by a statutory body to be established for that purpose. Bonnicksen, Andrea L. Crafting a Cloning Policy: From Dolly to Stem Cells. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2002. 220 p. In the last chapter, "Toward Responsible Policymaking," Bonnicksen distinguishes four policy approaches (broad or narrow legislation, existing regulation or adjustments to it) to cloning. Mindful of change in both politics and science, she favors adjusting existing regulation as the best way to promote future discussion, debate, and deliberation. Brannigan, Michael C. Ethical Issues in Human Cloning: Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives. New York: Seven Bridges Press, 2001. 244 p. Drawing together essays from the perspectives of science, religion, philosophy, and law, Brannigan provides a useful anthology of resources for classroom use or personal study.
Ethical dimensions of therapeutic human cloning
2002
Therapeutic human cloning has the potential significantly to reduce human suffering and enhance human happiness. This is the main ethical argument in its favour. The main ethical arguments against it centre on questions to do with the moral status of the human embryo. A subsidiary set of arguments arises from the connections between therapeutic human cloning and reproductive cloning.
British Medical Bulletin, 2018
Background: Scientists have cloned animals since the late 19th century, but the crucial step for ethics was the cloning of the first mammal by somatic cell nuclear transfer in 1997. This suggested that scientists could also clone, and possibly enhance, human beings. Sources of data: This survey examines ethical literature on cloning since the 1960s. Areas of agreement: The one ethical area of agreement in this issue is that we should not try to create new human beings by somatic cell nuclear transfer now. Areas of controversy: Ethicists disagree, however, on what justifies this norm. Some appeal to preference satisfaction and freedom from external constraints, others question this approach by more profound religious and moral considerations. Growing points: The discussion is currently not progressing, as the same arguments have been in use since the 1970s. Areas timely for developing research: Philosophers should prepare deeper analyses of the presuppositions of the ethical arguments used in the discussion before the issue surfaces again.
Human cloning is a big step for humankind, a great scientific achievement, but it is also risky and dangerous. Will this tremendous advancement in biomedicine and genetic engineering threaten the whole of mankind and whether in the future man will become the ordinary object of experiment. There are many doubts about cloning, and of which are most important is where it actually leads, and will we be able to stop it in time.
Ethical issues in human cloning : cross-disciplinary perspectives
2000
In this paper, I try to sketch out the beginnings of a philosophy of biotechnology. First, I summarize efforts to date on the topic. I then turn to some other beginnings within the philosophy of technology, to which contributions I hope to make some additions. In order address an engineering philosophy of biotechnology, one must take into account the epistemological character of engineering sciences as both practical and descriptive. Thus, biotechnology is not simply applied biology. It is a highly complex ensemble of relationships with genetics and biological sciences, constrain by items such as management, the state of the art at any given time, and public and political inputs. Biotechnology may be the wave of the twenty-first century, but if the twentieth century has taught us anything, scientific and technological developments are fraught with social consequences, and in a democratic society, public discussion of such issues is indeed welcome.