Inflammation markers in healthy and periodontitis patients: a preliminary data screening (original) (raw)
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Assessment of Systemic Inflammatory Markers in Patients with Aggressive Periodontitis
Journal of international oral health : JIOH, 2015
Background: "Aggressive periodontitis (AgP) is a destructive disease characterized by the following: The involvement of multiple teeth with a distinctive pattern of periodontal tissue loss; a high rate of disease progression; an early age of onset; and the absence of systemic diseases.'' Chronic low-level bacteremia and systemic inflammatory response have been suggested as a pathogenic link between periodontal disease and systemic disease. The present study was aimed to assess the levels of systemic inflammatory markers in patients with AgP. Methods: A sample of 50 systemically healthy patients comprised two groups, based on full mouth periodontal examination: Group I healthy individuals, includes 25 periodontally healthy subjects with fully functioning dentition. Group II includes 25 patients diagnosed clinically as AgP. Laboratory blood investigation included white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, and platelet count. Serum protein parameters included total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), and globulin (GLB). Periodontal clinical parameters including plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level were recorded. Results: Data analysis shows an increase in WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and platelet count and a decrease in TP, ALB, and GLB in AgP patients when compared to healthy individuals. Conclusion: Results of the present study shows an increase in blood parameters and decrease in serum protein parameters in AgP. Hence, AgP could be considered as one of the risk factors associated with the cardiovascular diseases as assessed by changes in the level of systemic inflammatory markers observed.
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences, 2023
Background and Objective: Periodontal diseases are chronic inflammatory diseases leading to damage to soft and hard tissue. Due to the importance of periodontal health in people, this study was designed to investigate the association between changes in the inflammatory mediators with the development of periodontal disease. Methods: The case-control study was conducted on 120 individuals who referred to University of Baghdad, Dentistry School, Department of Periodontics in three groups: healthy group, periodontitis group, and gingivitis group, every group containing 40 individuals (20 men and 20 women). The demographic data of all individuals were recorded in the information form. Periodontal parameters, including bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index (PI), clinical attachment loss (CAL), probing pocket depth (pd) and the serum levels of Interleukin-6 (Il-6), Immunoglobulin G (IgG) by ELISA technique, C-reactive protein (CRP) were evaluated using colorimetric technique. Findings: The mean range of IL-6 was 17.3940±1.509, 17.1432±2.214, 11.3846±1.119, for periodontitis, gingivitis, and healthy groups, the mean range of CRP was 5.4477±3.771, 3.5853±3.483, 2.3813±1.134 for periodontitis, gingivitis, healthy groups, and the mean range of IgG was 12.3875±2.073, 15.0109±2.380, 9.4851±1.081 for periodontitis, gingivitis, healthy groups, respectively. Biochemical and periodontal parameters showed highly significant increase in periodontitis and gingivitis groups compared to healthy group (p<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the high levels of inflammatory mediators are associated with periodontal disease, and increase with the progression of periodontal disease, and the transition from gingivitis to periodontitis, and the study's cutoff values can be applied to estimate healthy cases or patients with periodontal disease.
2011
Severe periodontitis is associated with the increase of serum inflammatory markers, in a population without general diseases. The aim of the study was to determine the manner in which the response to periodontal therapy had been associated with changes in the systemic serum markers of the inflammation. Materials and method: The study was performed on a group of 50 generally-healthy patients, yet suffering from generalized severe periodontitis, who participated to a prospective investigation developed along 12 months. The periodontal parameters and the inflammatory markers [C-reactive Protein (CRP) and Interleukin-6 (IL- 6)] had been previously evaluated at 6 and 12 months, and also 6 months after the standard periodontal nonsurgical treatment. Results and discussion: 6 months after the treatment, a significant reduction of serum interleukin and C-reactive protein was observed in the subjects with a clinical response to periodontal therapy over the average, following correction of th...
World journal of preventive medicine, 2013
Background: Periodontitis has been identified as potential risk factors for systemic pathologies. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between periodontitis and systemic inflammatory markers, as well as, if there is a relation to severity of periodontitis. Methodology: Periodontal examinations and serum markers of inflammation levels mesaurements were performed in 50 patients. The patients with moderate periodontitis had low CAL and PD < 5mm. The patients with severe periodontitis were with high CAL and PD > 5mm. The clinical parameters of periodontitis were determined among all subjects. The LEU, CRP, and FIB for the present investigation were obtained from peripheral venous blood patients from all groups. Findings: In both moderate and severe periodontitis, the results indicated that the total leukocytes count and neutrophils had a significantly higher count (p < 0.001) among the groups with periodontitis but that there was no significance in the lymphocytes counts. The results also show a significant relation between indicators of poor periodontal status and increased levels CRP and fibrinogen. Conclusion: Periodontitis is associated with an enhanced inflammatory response expressed by higher levels of inflammatory markers. The extent of increase in these marker levels in periodontitis patients depends of severity of the disease. Significance: The association of periodontitis with WBC, CRP and fibrinogen levels appears to be contributing factors for CVD and might be a possible intermediate pathway in this association.
Effect of periodontal treatment on peak serum levels of inflammatory markers
Clinical Oral Investigations, 2014
Background and objective Some subjects with untreated periodontitis exhibit elevated levels of distinct inflammatory markers in serum. The aim of the study was to assess whether nonsurgical periodontal therapy changes the levels of these markers and lowers these peaks. Methods Forty periodontally diseased subjects received nonsurgical periodontal therapy (full-mouth scaling and root planing within 48 h) with either adjunctive systemic amoxicillin and metronidazole (n=19) or placebo (n=21). Serum samples, obtained at baseline (BL) and 3 months after treatment (M3), were evaluated for 15 cytokines and 9 acute-phase proteins using the Bio-Plex bead array multianalyte detection system. For each analyte, peak values were defined as greater than the mean+2 standard deviations (SD) of measurements found in 40 periodontally healthy persons. Proportions were compared using Fisher's exact test.
Serum Cytokine Levels in Periodontitis Patients in Relation to the Bacterial Load
Journal of Periodontology, 2011
Background: Periodontitis is a local inflammatory disease that also has some systemic effects. We investigated the levels of interferon (IFN)-g, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, and interleukin (IL)-2,-4,-5, and-10 in the serum of patients with periodontitis in relation to the bacterial load in the dental plaques. Methods: Serum cytokine levels in patients with generalized periodontitis and healthy control groups were determined using the cytometric bead array kit. Bacterial load in the dental plaque was determined semiquantitatively by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The proportions of different lymphocyte subsets were determined in the peripheral blood of patients with periodontitis by flow cytometry. Finally, relationships between the bacterial load in the subgingival plaques of patients with periodontitis and levels of cytokines and counts of lymphocyte subsets were established. Results: Serum levels of IFN-g, TNF-a, and IL-10 were significantly increased, whereas those of IL-2 were significantly decreased in patients with periodontitis compared to healthy controls. Increased serum levels of IFN-g and TNF-a in patients with periodontitis were associated with the enhanced dental plaque load with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) and Porphyromonas gingivalis, respectively. Finally, as revealed by analysis of lymphocyte populations, the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans and Trepomena denticola was associated with an increased population of CD3-/CD16 + and CD3 + /CD8 + cells, respectively. Conclusion: Certain periodontal pathogens could be associated with an increased level of proinflammatory cytokines in the peripheral blood and thus increased risk of systemic diseases.
Cytokine profiles of healthy and diseased sites in individuals with periodontitis
Archives of Oral Biology, 2020
The aims of this study were: 1) to compare the levels of cytokines between healthy and diseased sites, in patients with untreated periodontitis; 2) to correlate cytokine levels with each other and with key periodontal pathogens, in healthy and diseased sites. Methods: Paired gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were obtained from two healthy (probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) ≤3 mm without bleeding) and two diseased sites (PD and CAL ≥5 mm with bleeding on probing [BoP]) of patients with generalized stage III/IV grade B/C periodontitis. GCF levels of eighteen cytokines and subgingival levels of seven periodontal pathogens were assessed by multiplex immunoassay and qPCR, respectively. Results: A total of 112 subjects and 448 GCF samples were analyzed. The GCF levels of GM-CSF, IL-17, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-21, IL-23 and TGF-β were significantly higher in the diseased than in the healthy sites (p < 0.05). Levels of IL-8 and MIP-1α were significantly higher in the healthy than in the diseased sites (p < 0.05). In the healthy sites, IL-8 and MIP-1α formed an independent cluster of cytokines and, MIP-1α positively correlated with Porphyromonas gingivalis (p < 0.05). In deep sites, smoking negatively associated with GM-CSF,
Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Plasma Acute-Phase Cytokine Levels in Different Periodontal Diseases
Journal of Periodontology, 2012
Background: The aim of the present study is to investigate gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and plasma acute-phase cytokines, interleukin-1b (IL-1b), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-11 (IL-11), oncostatin M (OSM), and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) levels in patients with different periodontal diseases. Methods: Eighty individuals were included in this study; 20 with chronic periodontitis (CP), 20 with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP), 20 with gingivitis, and 20 classified as healthy (H). Probing depth, clinical attachment level, plaque index, and papilla bleeding index were recorded. Plasma and GCF IL-1b, IL-6, IL-11, OSM, and LIF levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: CP and GAgP groups had significantly higher GCF IL-1b, IL-6, and IL-11 levels when compared with the H group (P <0.05). Conversely, GCF LIF levels of the CP and GAgP groups were lower than those of the H group (P <0.05). GCF OSM levels did not differ significantly among study groups. Plasma levels of all the cytokines studied were not significantly different among the study groups. Conclusions: Based on the present data, elevated IL-1b, IL-6, and IL-11 GCF levels, but not plasma levels, are suggested as reliable inflammatory biomarkers in periodontal diseases. Decreased LIF levels in diseased groups might reflect the possible beneficial effects of LIF in the modulation of inflammatory response in gingiva.