In vitro testing of surface-modified biomaterials (original) (raw)
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Ion Beam Surface Treatment of Biomatenals
orthopedics and dentistry. The selection is limited to some Systems: Ti, Ti alloys, stainless steels, Co alloys, alumina, zirconia, carbon and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene [l], for reasons of compromising various requirements. The selection criteria are dictated by two global aspects of biofunctionaliy and biocompatibility 121. Ability for load bearing, fracture resistance, modulus of elasticity or fatigue resistance are e.g. some elements of the required biofunctionality, which are reasonably pertinent volume properties of the material. But the interactions that occur when foreign biomaterials come into contact with the biological environment, are of superficial and interfacial nature, and the surface and subsurface properties of the material are the factors that determine such events. A vast majority of complications and failures in clinical use of biomaterials is related to this phenomenon of biocompatibility.
Influence of ion implantation on titanium surfaces for medical applications
Surface Science, 2007
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Response of osteoblastic cells to titanium submitted to three different surface treatments
Brazilian Oral Research, 2005
In the complex process of bone formation at the implant-tissue interface, surface properties are relevant factors modulating osteoblastic function. In this study, commercially pure titanium (cp Ti) samples were prepared with different surface characteristics using chemical attack with a sulfuric acid/hydrochloric acid based solution (treatment A); chemical attack plus anodic oxidation using phosphoric acid (treatment B); and chemical attack plus thermal oxidation followed by immersion in a sodium fluoride solution (treatment C). The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact profilometry and contact angle. The biological performance of the prepared surfaces was evaluated using mice osteoblastic cell cultures for up to 21 days. Cells seeded on the different titanium samples showed similar behavior during cell attachment and spreading. However, cellular proliferation and differentiation were higher for samples submitted to treatments A and C (p ≤ 0.05; n = 3), which were less rough and showed surface free energy with smaller polar components. DESCRIPTORS: Titanium; Surface properties; Osteoblasts; Biocompatible materials.
The effect of plasma surface treatment on the bioactivity of titanium implant materials (in vitro)
Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry, 2016
Background: The surface of an implantable biomaterial plays a very important role in determining the biocompatibility, osteoinduction, and osteointegration of implants because it is in intimate contact with the host bone and soft tissues. Objective: This study was aimed to assess the effect of plasma surface treatment on the bioactivity of titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V). Materials and Methods: Fifteen titanium alloy samples were used in this study. The samples were divided into three groups (with five samples in each group). Five samples were kept untreated and served as control (group A). Another five plasma samples were sprayed for nitrogen ion implantation on their surfaces (group B) and the last five samples were pre-etched with acid before plasma treatment (group C). All the investigated samples were immersed for 7 days in Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) which was used as a simulating body fluid (SBF) at pH 7.4 and 37°C. HBSS was renewed every 3 days. The different surfaces were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXA), and Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Results: Nitriding of Ti-alloy samples via plasma nitrogen ion implantation increased the bioactivity of titanium. Moreover, the surface topography affected the chemical structure of the formed apatite. Increasing the surface roughness enhanced the bioactivity of the implant material. Conclusions: Nitridation can be exploited as an effective way to promote the formation of bone-like material on the implant surface.
An in vitro comparison of possibly bioactive titanium implant surfaces
Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 2009
The aim of the study was to compare Ca and P formation (CaP) and subsequent bone cell response of a blasted and four different possibly bioactive commercially pure (cp) titanium surfaces; 1. Fluoride etched (Fluoride), 2. Alkali-heat treated (AH), 3. Magnesium ion incorporated anodized (TiMgO), and 4. Nano HA coated and heat treated (nano HA) in vitro. Furthermore, to evaluate the significance of the SBF formed CaP coat on bone cell response. The surfaces were characterized by Optical Interferometry, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). CaP formation was evaluated after 12, 24 and 72 h in simulated body fluid (SBF). Primary human mandibular osteoblast-like cells were cultured on the various surfaces subjected to SBF for 72 h. Cellular attachment, differentiation (osteocalcin) and protein production (TGF-b 1 ) was evaluated after 3 h and 10 days respectively. Despite different morphological appearances, the roughness of the differently modified surfaces was similar. The possibly bioactive surfaces gave rise to an earlier CaP formation than the blasted surface, however, after 72 h the blasted surface demonstrated increased CaP formation compared to the possibly bioactive surfaces. Subsequent bone cell attachment was correlated to neither surface roughness nor the amount of formed CaP after SBF treatment. In contrast, osteocalcin and TGF-b 1 production were largely correlated to the amount of CaP formed on the surfaces. However, bone response (cell attachment, osteocalcin and TGF-F production) on the blasted controls were similar or increased compared to the SBF treated fluoridated, AH and TiMgO surface.
Adhesion of bone cells to ion-implanted titanium
Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine, 2003
The use of ion-implantation to encourage osseointegration has been investigated using an in vitro model cell culture system and surface analysis. Polished titanium discs were implanted with calcium, potassium and argon ions. The adhesion of bone-derived cells was measured using radioactively labeled cells and the morphology examined using scanning electron microscopy. Similar numbers of cells were found to adhere to the potassium and argon-implanted titanium as to control (non-implanted) titanium. However, adhesion to the calcium-implanted titanium discs was significantly reduced. Moreover, although the cells were found to be well spread on the calcium and potassium-implanted titanium, a much greater proportion of cells appeared to remain rounded and poorly attached on the argon-implanted surface. These differences are discussed in relation to the observed surface roughness and chemistry, which were assessed using interferometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively.
Ion implantation of titanium based biomaterials
Progress in Materials Science, 2011
Titanium and its alloys are widely used as implant materials. Their integration in the bone is in general very good without fibrous interface layer. However, titanium and its alloys have certain limitations. Metal ions are released from the implant alloy and have been detected in tissues close to titanium implants. The release of these elements, even in small amounts, may cause local irritation of the tissues surrounding the implant. Cell and tissue responses are affected not only by the chemical properties of the implant surface, but also by the surface topography or roughness of the implants. To overcome the problem of ion release and to improve the biological, chemical, and mechanical properties, many surface treatment techniques are used. Any surface treatment that would elicit favorable response from tissues can be applied to enhance the usefulness of the implants. In view of this, the current review describes surface modification of titanium and titanium alloys by ion beam implantation.
The effect of ion implantation on cellular adhesion
Clinical Materials, 1993
As there are only a finite number of materials suitable for orthopaedic reconstruction, considerable effort has been devoted recently to investigating ways of altering the surface chemistry of prosthetic materials without altering their bulk properties. Ion beam implantation is one such technique which is appropriate for orthopaedic reconstructive materials. This paper investigates the early effect of ion beam modification on cellular attachment of bone derived cells using a prototype device which measures the strength of attachment of individual cells to a silicon substratum. The results point to several conclusions. (1) There is no evidence that ion beam implantation with nitrogen, phosphorus, manganese or magnesium produces increased adhesion of human bone derived cells. (2) (3) Surface etching with hydrofluoric acid, electron bombardment and thermal oxidation increases the strength of attachment between cells and substrata. There is a correlation between wettability and rate of cellular attachment to oxygen implanted substrata during the first 2 h after cellular seeding. However, the increase in cellular attachment cannot be entirely explained by the change in critical surface tension or via increased fibronectin attachment to the substrata.
Implant Dentistry, 2009
Materials: Sandblasted acidetched (SLA) surfaces of 2 different companies with different alloy properties were used. These were named as SLA-1 and SLA-2. The osteoblasts behavior were analyzed on sand blastedacid etched (SLA-1) surface (Straumann, Basel, Switzerland), sand blasted-acid etched (SLA-2) surface (Alpha bio, Petach-tikva, Israel), acidetched surface (Alpha bio), machined surface (Alpha bio). To analyze the effect of titanium surfaces on cell proliferation, cell numbers, and cell viability cells were cultured on titanium discs for 7 days and measurements were held out at 24 hours and on day 7. Cell proliferation rate was assessed by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) immunohistochemical technique. Cell morphologies were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy.