Stab resistance of triaxial woven fabrics for soft body armor (original) (raw)
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3 dimensional fabrics for ballistic impact response: A Critical Evaluation
International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing (IJIDeM), 2022
3-dimensional fabrics have good impact resistance property to replace the existing 2-dimensional ballistic fabric. Ballistic mechanism involves complex mechanisms and its mechanical response largely depends upon the thickness, strength, weight properties of the fabric along with the projectile testing conditions. This paper also discusses the effect of various stacking sequencing of hybrid composite on ballistic impact performance. With the recent development of high-performance fibers having very high strength, high young's modulus has led their use as fabrics for various impact applications. In this review paper, more than 30 studies have been studied on using 3-dimensional fabrics for ballistic application is outlined. Also, various technical approaches for understanding the complex ballistic mechanism in case of 3-dimensional fabrics on comparison with 2-dimensional fabrics are discussed. The different influential parameters for 3-dimensional fabrics which prominently affect the ballistic impact performance are highlighted. While discussing, we look upon the experimental research work done using 3-dimensional fabrics and its ballistic performance. For future scope, evaluation of 3D woven fabrics with different types of weaves can be evaluated to check its performance against the existing soft armor fabrics by reducing the weight of soft armor per sq mtr. Also, impact study can be carried out for similar weaving architecture of 3D woven fabric and varied yarn to check the effect of yarn in its ballistic performance.
IJERT-Ballistic Impact Resistance Mechanism of Woven Fabrics and their Composites
International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2016
https://www.ijert.org/ballistic-impact-resistance-mechanism-of-woven-fabrics-and-their-composites https://www.ijert.org/research/ballistic-impact-resistance-mechanism-of-woven-fabrics-and-their-composites-IJERTV4IS120160.pdf The development of the new generation of tough, high-strength, high-modulus fibers has led to the use of fabrics and their composites for a number of ballistic protection applications, in particular, for body armor. Numerous studies have been conducted to identify material properties and ballistic impact resistance mechanism that are important to the performance of ballistic fibers and their composites. The paper reviews the factors that influence ballistic performance including mechanisms of ballistic impact resistance, specifically, material properties of the yarn, fabric architecture, projectile geometry and impact velocity, boundary conditions, multiple plies and friction effect. It is important to note that almost all of the parameters that affect ballistic penetration resistance of a fabric are interrelated and the attempts to single out an individual effect cannot lead to a conclusive result. This makes the studies very complicated.
ENERGY ABSORPTION AND BALLISTIC IMPACT BEHAVIOUR OF KEVLAR WOVEN FABRICS
Kevlar-29 fibers are most widely used as an impact resistance in body Armor. This study deals with energy absorption behavior, ballistic limit, of Kevlar-29 / Epoxy, Nanoclaysclosite and PaspalumScrobiculatum of different weight percentage of matrix. To investigate these behaviors in composites, the laminates are made by using Compression moulding techniques. High velocity impact testing setup consists of a piston type air gun apparatus with a projectile of diameter of 9.5 mm and 8g has been used in the laminate with the same initial velocity for obtaining the residual velocity of the target. The results revealed that the addition of Paspalum scrobiculatum promotes maximum energy absorption in the laminates produced with 5% wt of matrix.
Effect of Textile Architecture on Energy Absorption of Woven Fabrics Subjected to Ballistic Impact
Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2014
Woven fabrics are widely used in various protective applications. The effects of different woven architectures (such as plain, basket, twill and satin) on impact resistance performance have not been adequately studied. In this work, high-speed impact testing on single layer plain weave structures has been carried out using a gas gun experimental setup. Ballistic resistance performance of the woven fabric is evaluated based on the resultant velocity of the projectile, as well as the post-mortem failure analysis. Finite element computational models are presented in this research, thereby providing predictive capability for the manufacturer and designer in order to minimise field testing, as well as shedding light on to the damage mechanisms of composite fabrics subjected to ballistic impact. The numerical model is validated with the experimental results in terms of dissipated energy and resultant velocity. Numerical investigation is conducted on other woven structures of identical areal density for comparison, revealing the importance of fabric architecture. The influences of yarn-yarn and yarn-projectile friction properties on the ballistic performance of various textile structures are also presented.
EFFECT OF FABRIC PROPERTIES ON YARN PULLING FORCE FOR STAB RESISTANCE BODY ARMOUR
There is increasing interest in the area of protective vests, either against bullets or protection from the most realistic threats within domestic frontline operations: Edged weapon, knives, and medical needles. From the analysis of the stabbing mechanism, the yarn pulling force is one of the effective components that absorb the punching energy. In this work, the effect of the fabric structure and shear parameters on the yarn pulling force were investigated. The results show that the shear modulus and yarn pulling force are highly correlated with the number of interlacements per repeat and fabric tightness. The analysis of the mechanism of fabric stabbing resistance consists of three phases. Fabric stab resistance force will increase when those phases of blade penetrations are occurred during punching of the fabric. Fabric index “FM” was developed to reflect fabric properties and structure, shear modulus, number of intersections and fabric tightness, which was found to be proportional to the square value of the yarn pulling force. According to the results, the design of the soft body armor can consist of several layers of fabric with different values of Fabric Index for increasing the capability of the armor to absorb blade punching energy when internal layers have low values of fabric index FM. This Index will help the designer of textile multi-layer armor to choose the weave structures that fulfill the required stab resistance specifications of personal body armor.
Enhancement of silk fabric knife-stabbing resistance for soft body armor
Enhancement of silk fabric knife-stabbing resistance for soft body armor, 2024
Traditional silk, known for its strength, flexibility, and comfort, shows promise as a lightweight, comfortable material for stab-resistant armor. This study explores enhancing silk's knife-stabbing resistance for soft body armor through surface treatments. This study aims to augment the knife-stabbing resistance of silk fabric for soft body armor. Designed a falling tower setup to investigate fabric responses under impact. Exploring the addition of layers with coatings like silicon dioxide deposition, rice ash deposition, and aluminum oxide particles, the investigation revealed significant enhancements. A solitary silk layer exclusively coated with resin exhibited improvements of approximately 37.07%, 29.21%, and 13.47% in stab resistance for rice ash, aluminum oxide, and silicon oxide particles, respectively. The specific knife penetration depth indicated that the coating is more effective in diminishing penetration depth. The research identified that 7 layers of pure silk and 3 layers coated with rice ash satisfy National Institute of Justice Standard-0115.00, S1 as 26 layers of silk fabric, demonstrating a reduction without compromising protective efficacy.
Cutting resistance of flexible armour using multiple layers of triaxial kevlar fabric
Journal of Industrial Textiles, 2020
The textiles capable of cutting resistance found applications in the industrial and military areas to construct flexible lightweight soft body armors. In the present work, a theoretical model to understand the mechanism of fabric cut resistance in a different direction for weft-knitted, triaxial, and multiple layers structures. An experimental study of cutting resistance force was done on weft-knitted fabric with Kevlar 29 triaxial fabrics in multiple layers structure to support derived mathematical model for the effect of multiple layers structure on their cutting force. The study examines specific cut resistance of the structure from four layers of Kevlar triaxial fabrics covered with knitted fabric on both sides. The angle of cutting force varied from 0°, 60°, and 90° with respect to the yarn inclination. Results show that the cutting force of the multilayer structure is linearly proportional to the number of Kevlar triaxial fabrics layers. The specific cut resistance value of th...
Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2019
Multilayered Armor Systems (MASs) with a front ceramic followed by synthetic fabric are currently used against high velocity ammunition. In these armors, the front layer, which shatters the ceramic and spalls the bullet, is followed by an intermediate layer, usually plies of synthetic aramid fabric (Kevlar ®). In the present work, the intermediate Kevlar ® layer was replaced by an equal thickness layer of two configuration of fique fibers, as fabric or aligned fibers. Both fique fabric and aligned fibers in amounts of 10, 20 and 30 vol% were used to reinforced polyester matrix composite. Ballistic impact tests against high velocity 7.62 caliber ammunition revealed that the plain polyester as well as the fique fabric and aligned fiber composites have a relatively similar shock impedance performance as that of the Kevlar ®. Indentation around 16-20 mm in witness clay for MASs with fique fabric and aligned fique fiber polyester composites as second layer, were better than that of 23 mm for Kevlar ®. These values attended the US National Institute Justice standard, which requires a maximum of 44 mm for body protection. The energy dissipation mechanisms related to the contribution of fique fabric and fibers composites were analyzed in terms of distinct failure modes, visually supported by scanning electron microscopy. These were found to be the same mechanisms recently disclosed for aramid fabric and other natural fibers composites.
Textile Research Journal, 2018
Stab and puncture resistant body armor is widely used by the law enforcement personnel, security and military in many countries. The primary requirement for the armor is to provide protection against various weapons used in an attack. Comfort properties are given increased importance in many countries and considered the second most important requirement. In this research Kevlar was blended with wool and wool–nylon. The resultant fabrics were coated with silica and their stab and puncture resistance in quasistatic conditions was examined using the universal tensile tester. It was hypothesized that the application of coating will generate higher friction to restrict the lateral movement of yarns, and thus present a higher number of yarns for direct resistance to impact during the attack and dissipating the impact energy, whereas the use of wool and nylon will provide the required ergonomics of wearability and stretch. It was observed that the application of the silica coating helped i...
International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2008
This paper presents an investigation regarding the ballistic performance of protection panels of different fabric ply numbers used in body armours. Twaron CT 710 type fabric layers of differing numbers are joined by using three stitch types to form the panels and then the panels are subjected to ballistic tests according to NIJ standards. Ballistic performance of the panels is determined by measuring trauma depth and trauma diameter. The energy absorbed by the fabric layers and the energy transmitted to the back of the fabric layers are determined from the trauma depth and trauma diameter values using a different approach. It is shown that the fabric ply number and stitching type have significant effects on ballistic properties and the effect of conditioning is limited. r