A study on seasonal and temporal variation in physico-chemical and hydrological characteristics of River Kolong at Nagaon Town, Assam, India (original) (raw)
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Water Chemistry of Kolong River, Assam, India and Management Strategies
Regular Issue, 2019
Kolong river which is located in Nagaon district of Assam, India is among the 275 most polluted rivers in India, according to a report of the Central Pollution Control Board, Government of India. The rise in pollution with respect to rivers over the last few decades due to their incredible importance in several human uses as well as a medium for provision of ecosystem services all over the world. The present investigation was carried out for a period of four seasons, namely, Pre-monsoon, Monsoon, Retreating Monsoon and Winter for the year 2017. Samples of water from two sites of the River Kolong, namely, Site I (Jakhalabandha) and Site II (Nagaon Town), were collected and analysed. The physico-chemical parameters such as water temperature, pH, Conductivity, Alkalinity, Transparency, Hardness, Chloride, Magnesium, Phosphate, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) were evaluated. Observations imply that the water quality in Site II was poor and unfit for drinking, compared to Site I. The present study also includes a discussion on the economic implications of Kolong's water quality and the strategies for its management. The study finally emphasizes that state intervention and people's participation is essential for maintaining and preserving the ecological health of the Kolong river in its pristine state.
Water is a component of the five elements ('Pancha-tattva') of our body. A huge percentage of human beings are dependent on groundwater. So the quality and quantity of the groundwater should not degrade. India has many important rivers and Kolong river of Nagaon district of middle Assam is one of them, which is facing some dangers due to anthropogenic activities. So it is important to test the groundwater and surface water quality regularly. In the previous studies, PH was found to be higher, which indicates higher organic pollution. The taste of some samples were slightly saline. Water sources were not free from turbidity and hence unfit for drinking. BOD values were higher and hence some water samples were polluted. Iron contents were within desirable limit but some samples exceeded the desirable limit. Dissolved oxygen level were very good in pre monsoon seasons. Alkalinity exceeded the desirable limit and hence some water samples were not safe for drinking. But arsenic levels were within permissible limit. Most of the water samples of the Kolong River were found to be safe for irrigation. The study area has very good potential for groundwater, in spite of some ignorable factors regarding physico-chemical parameters. Lots of places in the study area remained water logged. It is important to check the quality of groundwater to keep the quality of the Kolong River intact. Kolong river is kindred with the emotions of the people of Nagaon, Assam and hence we need to keep the dignity and quality of the river intact.
Applied Water Science, 2016
The Kolong River of Nagaon district, Assam has been facing serious degradation leading to its current moribund condition due to a drastic human intervention in the form of an embankment put across it near its takeoff point from the Brahmaputra River in the year 1964. The blockage of the river flow was adopted as a flood control measure to protect its riparian areas, especially the Nagaon town, from flood hazard. The river, once a blooming distributary of the mighty Brahmaputra, had high navigability and rich riparian biodiversity with a well established agriculturally productive watershed. However, the present status of Kolong River is highly wretched as a consequence of the post-dam effects thus leaving it as stagnant pools of polluted water with negligible socioeconomic and ecological value. The Central Pollution Control Board, in one of its report has placed the Kolong River among 275 most polluted rivers of India. Thus, this study is conducted to analyze the seasonal water quality status of the Kolong River in terms of water quality index (WQI). The WQI scores shows very poor to unsuitable quality of water samples in almost all the seven sampling sites along the Kolong River. The water quality is found to be most deteriorated during monsoon season with an average WQI value of 122.47 as compared to pre-monsoon and postmonsoon season having average WQI value of 85.73 and 80.75, respectively. Out of the seven sampling sites, Hatimura site (S1) and Nagaon Town site (S4) are observed to be the most polluted sites.
Ecological Health and the Economics of Water Quality An Assessment of Kolong River, Assam, India
River health has become one of the most important environmental issues today because of multiple anthropogenic stressors and other artificial interventions that have led to adverse long-term impacts on the physical habitats, biodiversity, ecological functions and the services provided by a water body. Kolong river, located in Assam, India, has suffered a similar fate with it being listed among the 275 most polluted rivers of India by the Central Pollution Control Board, Government of India, in 2015. This study has been carried out with the primary objective of diagnosing chemical and biological river health of the Kolong river with regard to physico-chemical parameters and abundance of the plankton community, using statistical analysis. Four sites along the river were selected for sampling purposes, namely, Jakhalabandha (Station 1), Samoguri (Station 2), Nagaon town (Station 3) and Roha (Station 4). Thirteen physico-chemical parameters were considered for the study and data were collected month-wise for which results have been shown season-wise (pre-monsoon, monsoon, retreating monsoons and winter). Tests for physico-chemical parameters were done through standard methods. Means and standard deviations along with the Karl Pearson's correlation coefficients were also calculated. Findings indicate significant relationships among the physico-chemical parameters as well as correlation of the abundance of phytoplankton and zooplankton with abiotic factors the river which was further computed by a regression analysis. Phytoplankton dominated over zooplankton in all the Stations in the present study. High abundance of Bacillariophyceae, in case of phytoplankton, and Copepods, in case of zooplankton, were encountered, indicating poor ecological health of the Kolong river. The study also involves a briefing on the economics of water quality and relevant economic strategies for managing ecological quality of Kolong. The study finally asserts on the need for minimising anthropogenic disturbances through both government and people participation, so as to manage pollution while preserving the ecological heath of the Kolong river.
Study of some water quality parameters of Kolong riverine system of Nagaon, India
The Clarion- International Multidisciplinary Journal, 2012
The study was carried out for a period of two seasons (Pre-monsoon) and that of the (Post-monsoon) in the year 2011. Samples of water from two sites of the River Kolong in Nagaon District of Assam, India, were analysed. The physico chemical parameters such as pH, conductivity (EC), Alkalinity, Total suspended solids (TSS), Hardness, Chloride, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and COD etc were evaluated. The river is subjected to severe domestic and sewage pollution at two selected sites of Nagaon town, Assam, India. At sampling site I and II physicochemical parameters were not found to be within the safe limits of drinking water as prescribed by World Health Organization W.H.O. (1984). The present studies indicate increase in water pollution levels in the River Kolong due to discharge of various types of waste water, sewage and effluents.
Assessment of Water Quality Index of the Kolong River of Nagaon District of Assam, India
The objective of the study is to analyze the Water Quality Index (WQI) and analysis of variations of Water Quality Index parameters along the Kolong River,Nagaon, Assam, after the breaching of Hatimura dyke in 2017. WQI provides a single number that expresses overall water quality at a certain location and time based on several water quality parameters.The objective of a WQI is to turn complex water quality data into information that is understandable and useable by the public.Kolong River flows through the heart of the Nagaon urban area dividing the town into Nagaon and Haiborgaon in Assam.The blockage of the river flow was adopted as a flood control measure to protect its riparian areas, especially the Nagaon town, from flood hazard. So, Hatimura dyke was constructed across the river " s takeoff point near Hatimura in 1964. The river, once a blooming distributary of the mighty Brahmaputra, had high navigability and rich riparian biodiversity with agriculturally productive watershed. However, the present status of Kolong River is highly wretched as a consequence of the post-dam effects thus leaving it as stagnant pools of polluted waterwith negligible socioeconomic and ecological value. But in August 2017, due to heavy flood the Hatimura dyke was breached and the breach allowed floodwaters to flow in through Kolongriver. In this study, river samples were collected and analyzed from twelve different study sites during March 2018 to April 2018, i.e. in pre monsoon period covering the entire river to study the after effect of floodwater in the Kolongriver. The physico-chemical parameter of water such as Iron, Ammonia and Bacteria were analyzed. The calculation of Water Quality Index was done by using Weighted Arithmetic Index Method. The WQI value of these samples ranges from 58.87-216.53, which shows that water in all the sites are unsuitable for drinking. Thus, river needs proper treatment to conserve this water body from future contamination and pollutions.
STUDIES ON THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF KAPILI RIVER, RANI IN KAMRUP DISTRICT OF ASSAM (INDIA
IJRAR, 2018
Water is the most precious natural resources available in the Universe and life is impossible without water. The demand for good quality water has increased with the increasing development in the human community. Earlier non-turbidity and free flow of water were the only parameters concern but with the growth of populations there has been an increase in global attention focused on resolving water quality issues. According to Agarwal & Narain (2004), it is the the World's poor that are most affected by 'Ecological poverty' in the form of inadequate supplies of good quality water.Water is vital for the survival of organisms. Human depends on water to fulfill a variety of needs. These includes water for drinking, health and sanitation as part of human traditions. The improper management of water resources has led to an increase in their degradation in quality assessing the quality of water is an essential process in the development of water resources. Water quality may be defined in terms of specific characteristic of water that are important with regards to a certain service (Tchobanoglous & Schroeder,1987). These characteristics are usually defined as physical, chemical and biological parameters. The Kapili river is located at Rani; which exist about 20 kilometers south from Guwahati in the state of Assam. The area covers with lots of Sal and a reserved forest like Rani Reserve Forest with 3770 hac of land ahich boasts of the Kapili waterfalls. It is a hilly terrain area. The preliminary study, it is revealed that the water parameter of Kapili river is not remain constant in different months. It is due to industrial effect. The impact of trace element in drinking water is usually cumulative and continuous use of such water may be harmful to human as well as other animals. Therefore measurement of the necessary parameters should be analysed periodically to maintain within the permissible limit. I. Introduction: The present study deals with water quality parameters of the river Kapili located in Rani Protected Area in the district of Kamrup. It is an interstate river. The river originates in the Meghalaya plateau and flows through Southern Assam before its confluence with Brahmaputra. The river flows for a total length of 290 kilometers and has a catchment area of 16,420 square kilometers. It contains several spectacular waterfalls which has several deep gorges and rapids in the 120 kilometers of its flow before debouching in the plains at Nagaon district. Water is the most precious natural resources available in the Universe and life is impossible without water. The demand for good quality drinking water has increased with the increasing development in the human community. At the beginning of civilisation, non-turbidity and free flow were the only parameters concern but with the growth of populations there has been an increase in global attention focused on resolving water quality issues. Water is vital for the survivality of organisms. Human depends upon water to fulfill a variety of needs. These includes water for drinking, health and sanitation, recreation and as part of cultural traditions. The improper management of water resources has led to an increase in their degradation. Accoring to Agarwal & Narain(2004), it is the the World's poor that are most affected by 'Ecological poverty' in the form of inadequate supplies of good quality water. Life originated in water and the ultimate basis of it; the protoplasm which is a colloidal solution of complex organic molecule in a watery medium. Most of the biological phenomenon takes place in water. Moreover, where water exists in nature it holds life. So the study of waterbody is the study of life as well. Water is essential to the circulation of body fluids in plants and animals and it stands as the key substance for the existance and continuity of life through reproduction and different cyclic processes in nature. Nature has an innate mechanisms to maintain its purity after every natural use. But it is unable to do at the rate at which modern humans add dirt to it. Nature is unable to know how to tackle with these toxins. Therefore humans are bound to monitor the impact of this activity on natural freshwater continuously. Assessing the quality of water is an essential process in the development of water resources. Water quality may be defined in terms of specific characteristic of water that are important with regards to a certain service(Tchobanoglous &Schroeder,1987). These characteristics are usually defined as physical, chemical and biological parameters. Globally freshwater has become the fastest depleting natural resource nowadays. Only a small percentage of water exists as freshwater and the portion accessible to human is again negligible part of its global stock. So elaborate studies are needed regarding the water management activities of rivers. II. Aims & Objectives i) To analyse the different physico-chemical parameters like pH, amount of dissolve oxygen,carbon-dioxide ,nitrite,chloride,temperature etc.
International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences, 2017
Rivers are significant not only for human populations but also essential for plant and animal diversity. These aquatic systems are unique and are rich in biodiversity at the same time are under constant threat due to bludgeoning human populations and their demand for land. Water quality plays an important role in productivity of lakes. Physical and chemical parameters of the water body such as temperature, pH, turbidity, conductivity, TDS, along with primary productivity vary seasonally and regular monitoring of these parameters may through light into the productivity of the system. The present present study was undertaken to assess the seasonal variations of water quality parameters of Nagore vettar and Uppanar river, Arasalar river and Thirumalairayan rivers are near in Nagapattinam District, to assess the seasonal variations in water quality parameters (Temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, ammonia (NH3-N), nitrite (NO2-N), nitrate (NO3-N), phosphate (PO4-P), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS) and chlorophyll 'a', variations in lake morphology and changes in fish assemblages.
2020
River Kopili, regarded as one of the most important Southern bank tributaries of the mighty river Brahmaputra, is facing a tremendous pollution threat from its riparian areas, especially in its upper stretches due to anthropogenic activities. The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in one of its report has placed the Kopili river in 4th rank among the 56 most polluted river of North-East region. The results of the present study showed that water quality index [1] of the river ranges from poor to unsuitable quality of water for drinking in almost all the five sampling stations. The water quality found to be deteriorated during winter season with an average WQI value of 81.88 as compared to pre-monsoon and monsoon season with an average value of 67.13 and 80.12 respectively. According to the water quality index, station 4 and 5 are recorded to be the most polluted stations among the study area. Thus, all the above analysis showed that the riverine ecosystem is moderately polluted, ...
Agricultural Science Digest, Volume 43 Issue 3: 327-333 (June 2023)
Background: Freshwater is not only a finite resource but also essential for agriculture, industry and even human existence. The present investigation on seasonal water quality parameters was conducted in the remnants of old channel of river Jia Bharali called as Mara Bharali at Tezpur in the Sonitpur district of Assam from December, 2017 to November, 2020. Methods: Five sampling stations were selected that covers a stretch of 16.5 km. Physico-chemical parameters were determined seasonally by following the standard methods of APHA (1998) and Trivedy et al., 1987. The statistical analyses of the data were done by one way ANOVA using Statistical Package for Social Scientists. Result: TDS in monsoon in all the locations remained lowest (171.33 a ±3.059 mg/L at MB2) and highest in winter (320.11 c ±2.441 mg/L at MB3). The pH value is within the permissible limit except for site MB4 during the winter and post monsoon when the values were 6.38±0.146 and 6.44±0.039 respectively. Maximum DO of 7.878 d ±0.074 mg/L was observed at site MB1 during the winter season and minimum DO of 5.444 a ±0.047 mg/L was observed at site MB4 during the monsoon season. BOD was recorded below the tolerance limit of 3 mg/L in all sampling stations.