Detection of Abnormal Cervical Cytology by Papanicolaou Stained (PAP) Smears in Chandrapur District (original) (raw)
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Objective: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide after breast cancer, and in developing countries, the leading cause of death by cancer. It is one of the most preventable and curable of all cancers. Most women are never undergoi ng a cervical Pap smear screening. The Objective is to study the role of Pap smear in detecting premalignant and malignant lesions as well as nonneoplastic lesions of cervix and to determine the prevalence of various lesions. Methods: This retrospective study of 500 women with age group 18 to 90 years was carried out over a 2 years at cytology section of pathology department, M.P.Shah medical college, Jamnagar. This study had been divided into 2 groups. Group I included study o f 400 women who attended gynaecological clinic at GGH hospital Jamnagar and Group II included study of 100 women who attended Pap smear screening camp at Air force hospital, Jamnagar. Pap smears were prepared and after fixation and staining, each smear was carefully examined. Results: In this study, Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions was the most common with 62 cases (12.4%) followed by High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions with 25 cases (5%), then atypical squamous epithelial cells of undetermined significance 14 cases (2.8%), Squamous cell carcinoma 12 cases (2.4%), AGCUS 6 cases (1.2%), AGCUS probably neoplastic origin 1 case (0.2%) and other rare tumors-1(0.2%) case of granulosa cell tumor and 1 case(0.2%) of clear cell carcinoma were seen. The average age of women for all the epithelial abnormalities was 49 years. Conclusion: Pap smear is a simple, cheap, safe and practical diagnostic tool for early detection of cervical cancer in high risk group population, so it should be established as a routine screening procedure. It also has a greater role in diagnosis of inflammatory lesions including the identification of causative organism, atrophic changes, changes of radiation therapy and some rare tumors. It i s recommended that at least a single life-time pap screening cytology of uterine cervix of all the women aged 40 to 50 years.
Study of abnormal cervical cytology in papanicolaou smears in a tertiary care center
International Journal of Advances in Medicine, 2016
Background: Cancer cervix is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in developing countries like India most probably due to lack of proper screening facilities in the rural and suburban areas or due to the lack of awareness amongst the women of developing countries. Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in the world. Developing countries accounted to about 80% of the global burden. This study was conducted to highlight the importance of Pap smear study in differentiating premalignant and malignant lesions. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted among 1000 cervical pap smears of women with age group 20 to 75 years coming to the cytology section of pathology department, L.N. Medical College and Research centre, Bhopal, India between the time periods of 1 st January 2015 to 31 st December 2015. All the smears were reported as per the 2014 Bethesda system. Results: In this study, maximum cases were of negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy 754 cases (75.4%) followed by low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion with 74 cases (7.4%) (followed by high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion with 12 cases (1.2%) then atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance 12 cases (1.2%) and minimum number of carcinoma cases 08 (0.8%-including 0.6% of squamous cell carcinoma and 0.2% of adenocarcinoma). Conclusions: Cervical cytology by Pap smear is an important tool for early detection of premalignant and malignant lesions of cervix. Regular Pap smear screening should be conducted in vulnerable age group.
https://www.ijhsr.org/IJHSR\_Vol.8\_Issue.1\_Jan2018/IJHSR\_Abstract.04.html, 2018
Background: Cancer cervix is one of the leading causes of mortality in women worldwide as well as the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries like Nepal. It can be prevented if it is diagnosed in early stage. The aim of this study was to analyze cytological findings of cervical papanicolaou (pap) smear. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital during one year period from 13 April 2016 to 12 April 2017. All the smears were reported as per the 2014 Bethesda system in conventional cervical Pap smear. All the cases were reviewed by all the pathologist of Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital. Result: Total cases were 240 in one year period in which 225 cases (93%) were satisfactory for evaluation and 15 cases (6.25%) were unsatisfactory for evaluation which is due to thick neutrophilic exudates, mucous, degenerative cells and hemorrhage. Most common age group in this study was (31-40years) 97cases (40.4%). Negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy, 219 cases (91.2%) and only 6cases (2.5%) showed abnormality in squamous cells comprising atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance [ASCUS] (n=3, 1.24%), low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion [LSIL] (n=2,0.83%) and high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion [HSIL] (n=1, 0.4%). Conclusion: Simple screening test like cervical papanicolaou smear (Pap) can detect the abnormality of epithelial lining of cervix.
Study of cervical cytology in Papanicolaou (Pap) smears in a tertiary care hospital
2016
Background: Cancer of the cervix is the third most common cancer in women. The mainstay of cervical cancer screening has been the Papanicolaou test. Aim: To study the frequency of premalignant and malignant lesions of cervix and to study the clinicopathological aspects of cervical lesions. Materials and Methods: This is a hospital based study of conventional cervical smears received between January 2014 to December 2015. For evaluating the Pap smears, the Bethesda system (2014) for reporting cervical cytology was used. Results: In the present study, 1418 cases were analysed during the mentioned period. Age of women ranged from 16 to 92 years. Commonest complaint was irregular bleeding per vagina and leucorrhea. 1164 smears (82.08%) belonged to NILM category, 132 smears (9.3%) were unsatisfactory for evaluation. ASCUS accounted for 4.87%, ASC-H 0.56%, LSIL 1.62%, HSIL 0.64%, AGC 0.64% and SCC 0.28% of cases. Conclusion: It was found that premalignant and malignant lesions of cervix is not common in our set up.
pattern of Abnormal cervical cytology in women attending a tertiary hospital
Abstract: Cervical dysplasia and invasive cervical cancer can be diagnosed by detection of epithelial cell abnormality (ECA) in a cervical scrapping from a clinically suspicious women by means of cervical cytology study popularly known as pap test. Aim and objective of the present study to different cervical lesion with the help of pap smear and categorize them according to the Bethesda system. The samples were collected from 242 numbers of women aged 20-65 years for the research methodology , alcohol fixed and stained with papanicolaou stain. The result of the study revealed detection of cervical cancer and dyspalsia in 3.53 % of the total cases studied. 88.05% cases were negative for malignancy and ECA with 11.95% out of which 29.63 % smears were equally having LSIL, HSIL and invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Study concluded that pap test has a definite role in early detection of cervical cancer and dysplasia.
Cervical cytology plays an important role in diagnosis of cervical dysplasia and invasive cervical cancer within hours to days in subject to the availability of the Pap test facility in a health centre. The present study was carried out with the aim to detect the abnormality in the uterine cervix among the women of age group 20-65 years who attended gynecology OPD of Gauhati Medical college during September, 2011 to August, 2012; also to find out the association of dysplasia detected by cytology with age factor and parity status of the women. The procedure included scrapping from transformation zone of uterine cervix by exposing the cervix with help of Cusco's speculum; then smeared in a clean grease free glass slide, alcohol fixed and stained with papanicoloau stain. Smears were reported according to the Bethesda system 2001 which showed 88.05% smears were negative for CIN and 11.95% were showing positive results with varying degree of CIN to invasive cancer. There exists a sig...
A study of cytological pattern of cervical papanicolaou smears in western Rajasthan, India
International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2016
Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers of Indian females. Western Rajasthan differs a lot from rest of India in respect of geographical conditions, environment, culture, population density etc. and it also has relatively lower literacy rate which is one of the risk factor for many diseases. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of cervical cytological pattern in females of western Rajasthan by using conventional Papanicolaou (Pap) smears for the screening of inflammatory, premalignant and malignant lesions of the cervix. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at tertiary care institute of western Rajasthan for 1.5 year duration, on 1768 females who were screened by Pap smear examination. After staining with conventional Papanicolaou technique, all smears were classified as per Bethesda nomenclature. Results: Out of 1768 smears 1039 (58.7%) were abnormal Pap smears, 445 (25.1%) were normal Pap smears while 284 (16.1%) smears had inadequate sample material to be examined. Out of 1039 abnormal smears, 956 (92.01%) smears reported to have inflammatory/reactive changes whereas 26 (2.50%) had atrophic changes in Pap smear and abnormality in epithelial cell was reported in 57(5.49%) smears. Conclusions: Pap smear examination is an effective screening procedure to detect cervical cytological abnormalities. Routine cytological screening by Pap smear should be offered to all women above 19 years or within 3 years of sexual activity. It is recommended to improve the awareness about the disease amongst females and skills of health care personal about proper preparation of Pap smear.
Cytopathological pattern of cervical pap smears -a study among population of North Malabar in Kerala
2016
Background: India, the second most populous country in the world accounts for about 25% of cervical cancer deaths. Only limited studies are available on the prevalence of cervical epithelial abnormalities in various populations in India, especially in North Kerala. We have undertaken the present study, with the intention to estimate the prevalence of abnormal cervical cytology smears in this region so that appropriate screening strategies can be planned. Methods & Materials: A one year retrospective descriptive study was conducted in Department of Pathology of a private medical college to evaluate all the pap smears reported during September 2012 to August, 2013. Smears were assessed according to the revised 2001 Bethesda system. A total of 2028 cases were analyzed. Prevalence of epithelial abnormalities was calculated in percentages. Results: Out of total 2028 patients, 49 (2.41%) cases revealed epithelial abnormalities. The most frequent epithelial cell abnormality was Low grade Squamous Intra epithelial Lesion (32 cases, 1.58%). Nearly half of the patients with abnormal pap smears presented with a normal looking cervix. Epithelial abnormality was more prevalent in post-menopausal age group. Conclusion: Our hospital based study shows a relatively low prevalence of cervical epithelial abnormality which is similar to that seen in the developed world. Every woman above the age of 30 must be subjected to Pap smear even with a normal looking cervix and this must be continued in post-menopausal period, as most of patients with epithelial abnormalities in our study falls in this group.
2019
Introduction: Cervical PAP smears are a cost effective, outpatient procedure to screen patients for cervical pathology. Objectives: To utilize cervical PAP smear examination in categorizing lesions according to the 2014 Bethesda System for cervical cytology, to analyse the spectrum of lesions andto evaluate its effectiveness as a screening procedure for detection of epithelial abnormalities in a teaching hospital in North Karnataka. Methods: A prospective one year study was carried on all conventional PAP smears received in the Department of Pathology, Navodaya Medical College, Raichur. Reporting was done in accordance with the 2014 Bethesda System for reporting cervical cytology. Correlation was done with the clinical findings. Results: A total of 578 cases were included in the study. The most common presenting complaint was abdominal pain (28.5%). The most frequent examination finding was white discharge per vaginum, WDPV (38.9%). 90.8% of PAP smears were categorized as 'Negative for intraepithelial Lesion or Malignancy'. Specific infections were seen in 8.1%, squamous metaplasia in 15.5% and atrophic changes in 3.2%. Epithelial cell abnormalities comprised 9.2% of cases, of which Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance (ASC-US) was 3.2%, Low grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (LSIL) was 3.6%, High grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (HSIL) was 1.9%, Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) was 0.2% and Atypical Glandular Cells-Not Otherwise Specified (AGC-NOS) was 0.9%. Conclusion: The overall prevalence of epithelial cell abnormalities concurred with studies done in other parts of India and constituted 9.2% of the total smears screened, LSIL being the most common lesion.
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2016
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women and the seventh overall, with an estimated 528,000 new cases every year. Cancer cervix is the most common cancer in women in several less developed countries, and now the second most common cancer in India. Almost 70% of the global burden of cervical cancer is in areas with lower levels of development, and more than one fifth of all new cases are diagnosed in ABSTRACT Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer affecting women worldwide, the most common cancer in women in several less developed countries, and now the second most common cancer in India. Cervical cytology by papanicolaou (PAP) smear test is an effective tool for detecting abnormal cytology in early stages, thus allowing early detection and treatment. The PAP smear is extremely important for detecting premalignant and malignant conditions of cervix. The study was conducted to determine; (1) Cytomorphologic incidence of various lesions of uterine cervix; (2) Categorization of detected lesions according to Bethesda system; (3) Determination of epithelial abnormalities by cervical cytology. Methods: The settings and design of this study is a hospital based prospective study from a tertiary care centre in Central India. A total of 5813 conventional pap smear tests collected from January 2010 and December 2014 were analyzed. All patients attending outpatient department of obstetrics and gynecology for complaints of abnormal cervical discharge, dyspareunia, inter-menstrual bleeding, post-coital bleeding and lower abdominal pain were included. Various cervical pap screening camps were also done during this period. Smears were fixed and stained with hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) and papanicolaou stain were done. Results: The overall frequency of normal, inadequate, inflammatory, and abnormal smears was 11.86%, 5.73%, 74.98% and 13.2% respectively. Atypical squamous cell carcinoma of undermined significance (ASCUS) was seen in 3.61%, squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) was seen in 5.36%, low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) was seen in 2.59% while high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) was seen in 2.77%. Invasive carcinoma was seen in 3.69%. The premalignant epithelial abnormalities like ASCUS, LSIL and HSIL were found to be highest in the age group of 31-50 years in our study, which correlated well with other similar studies. Conclusions: Hence we should advocate regular cervical cytology (PAP) smear study, which can help to treat cervix lesions early before the progress into cervical cancer. Early detection is the only key to saving a woman's life as the later the abnormalities are discovered; mortality, morbidity and treatment cost all increase.