Antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Xylopia aethiopica (original) (raw)
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Natural Product Communications, 2019
Hydrodistillation of Xylopia hypolampra Mildbr. stem bark afforded 39 mg (dry weight basis) of a pale yellow fragrant essential oil; gas chromatography-flame ionization detector and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses allowed the identification of 28 compounds (90.5%, of the total oil composition). The major constituent was found to be verbenone (20.2%) followed by borneol (7.8%), eucalyptol (5.9%), nopinone (5.5%), trans-pinocarveol (4.9%), α-terpineol (4.4%), para-cymen-8ol (3.5%), terpinen-4-ol (3.1%), cyperotundone (2.7%), and myrtenal co-eluted with myrtenol (6.8%). The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli based on the minimum inhibitory concentration by the micro-and macrodilution methods.
The use of plants to prevent and cure diseases traditionally has been a common practice all over the world even with no scientific evidence of why they have been used. Xylopia aethiopica is one of such plant known to be a medicinal plant of great repute in West Africa in the treatment of various diseases. In this study, phytochemical constituent and antimicrobial activities of the stem bark and root extracts of Xylopia aethiopica were investigated. Results obtained showed the presence of some phytochemical compounds known to be biologically active and therefore aid the antimicrobial potency of the plant material. The antimicrobial inhibition of the crude extracts of these plant parts compare quite well with the commercial antibiotic drugs used as standard reference. The results suggest that the pure form of the bioactive compound (s) responsible for this activity may prove to be a better antimicrobial drug.
Journal of King Saud University - Science, 2017
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Phytochemical and antimicrobial studies of Xylopia aethiopica stem bark extracts
2022
The preliminary screening of phytochemical constituents of extracts of Xylopia aethiopica was evaluated. The n-hexane extract revealed the presence of terpenoids, alkaloids, and steroids, while the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, steroids, and phenolics was indicated in ethyl acetate extract, and the methanol extract contained tannins, flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, saponins, alkaloids, steroids. The medicinal property of the extracts was investigated using in-vitro antimicrobial assays. The hexane extract indicates potent activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with MIC of 100mg/ml and ZI of 20 mm. Methanol and ethyl acetate extracts had inhibitory activities against Candida albican with MIC of 100mg/ml while the standard antibiotics have no inhibitory activities against Candida albican 2 suggesting that these extracts contain certain phytochemical that are active against Candida albican. Saponins which are constituents of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts from the phytochemical screening are known to be antifungal, especially against Candida albican. This suggests that the presence of saponins in both ethyl acetate and methanol extracts may be responsible for the inhibitory activities against Candida albican.
African Journal of Biotechnology, 2016
The chemical composition of twig essential oils of Xylopia malayana , Xylopia elliptica and Xylopia fusca were analyzed using GC and GCMS. Both X. malayana (12.9%) and X. fusca (11.8%) twig oils contained spathulenol as the major constituent while X. elliptica twig oil was found to be rich in terpinen-4-ol (11.9%). The antimicrobial activities of the essential oils were evaluated against six gram positive bacteria, two gram negative bacteria and yeast by using the broth microdilution method. The twig oil of X. elliptica at a concentration ranging from 156 to 625 μg/ml was found to be active against all bacterial and yeast strains tested. Both X. malayana and X. fusca twig oils demonstrated weak activity toward all microorganisms tested with the MIC value of 5000 μg/ml. Gram negative bacteria’s, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli seemed to be resistant to the essential oils tested. α-Pinene showed moderate to strong inhibitory effect against all the microorganism strains tes...
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2023
Aim: The fruit of the plant Xylopia aethiopica has been used in ethno-medicine in southern Nigeria for treating dysentery, cough and bacterial infections. This present study investigates the phytochemical and antimicrobial activities of the different extracts of X aethiopica fruit. Method: The powdered dried fruits of Xylopia aethiopica was extracted with 95% ethanol and further fractionated into n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions. The clinically isolated strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans were obtained from their stock cultures and characterized using biochemical tests and then standardized with 0.5 McFarland. The antimicrobial activities of the different extracts were investigated using agar diffusion method. Results: The n-hexane extract was most effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 6.25, 50 and 50 mg/ml respectively while the ethyl acetate extract was active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans with MIC of 6.25 and 12.5 mg/ml respectively. The crude ethanol extract showed most activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with MIC of 3.125 mg/ml. The phytochemical studies on the crude extract revealed the presence of triterpenoids /steroids, carbohydrates, cardenolides and saponins. Conclusion: The antimicrobial activities of the plant justify its usage in traditional healthcare practices especially in infections involving Pseudomonas aeruginosa which showed the highest sensitivity.
Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 2012
The in- vitro antimicrobial activity of ethanol and aqueous fruit extracts of Xylopia aethiopica , four conventional antibiotics: gentamycin, ampicillin erythromycin and ciprofloxacin and the combination of each extract with the conventional antibiotics were investigated using the agar diffusion method. Clinically isolated strains of bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Escherichia coli , Bacillus subtilis , Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus faecalis and Shigella dysenteriae were used for the assay. The preliminary screening of phytochemical constituents of the fruits of Xylopia aethiopica showed the presence of cardiac glycosides flavonoids, phlobatannins, tannins, phenol, anthraquinones, saponin and steroids. The ethanol extract was active against P. aeruginosa , B. subtilis , S. aureus , but showed no activity against K. pneumoniae and E. coli while the aqueous extract was only active against S.aureus. The test organisms showed susceptibility to the a...
The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, 2017
The aims of this study were to investigate the chemical composition and the antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Xylopia sericea fruits (OXS). The fruits of this species are popularly used for medicinal purposes, and as a condiment in food preparation. The chemical composition of OXS was analysed by GC/MS. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging, β-carotene/linoleic acid bleaching and phosphomolybdenum and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) assays were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity. Antibacterial activity was assessed by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against bacterial strains of interest to human health and food spoilage. Eighty-four compounds were identified. The sesquiterpenes spathulenol (16.42%), guaiol (13.93%) and germacrene D (8.11%) were the most abundant constituents. OXS presented a significant antioxidant activity and also a high bacteriostatic effect a...