Biocomposites by Suriya (original) (raw)

Reviewing the Development of Natural Fiber Polymer Composite: A Case Study of Sisal and Jute

American Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, 2019

Natural fibers that are mainly from plants, animals and regenerated sources are degradable and environmentally friendly as they absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen, they are cost effective when compare to the synthetic fibers. These materials mainly from plant are used initially for domestics' purposes. They have recently been introduced to some industries, such as automotive, aircraft, marine and buildings, arising from their excellent mechanical, physical and chemical properties. The common natural fibers used for Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites (NFRPC) are, cotton, sisal, coir, jute, hemp, flax, banana, bamboo etc. Several researches and publications on natural fibers and its composite show that despite the properties of these fibers, their applications were limited to non-structural applications either for interior or exterior applications just for their environmental and low-cost benefit with less concern for their strength capabilities. Sisal and jute are fibers from vegetable and bast plants that had been proved to have exhibited excellent tensile and flexural properties (bast composite) and best impact properties (vegetable composite), were also restricted to non-structural applications only. This paper reviewed the present status and future expectations of natural fiber reinforced composites in structural applications using sisal and jute fiber reinforced polymer composites as a case.

Natural Fibre Composites and its potential

Natural fibres have been used to reinforce materials for over 3000 years. Most of the developing countries are very rich in agricultural and natural fibre. Except a few exceptions, a large part of agricultural waste is being used as a fuel. India alone produces more than 400 million tonnes of agricultural waste annually. It has got a very large percentage of the total world production of rice husk, jute, stalk, baggase and coconut fibre. All natural fibres have excellent physical and mechanical properties and can be utilized more effectively in the development of composite materials for various building applications. Natural fibres have the advantage that they are renewable resources and have marketing appeal. These agricultural wastes can be used to prepare fibre reinforced polymer composites for commercial use.

Development of Natural Fiber Composites and its Analysis

2018

1,2,3,4 Undergraduate Students, Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Pune, India 5Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Pune, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract – In the present scenario of fast growing world, the problem of depleting resources is a major concern for mankind. Also the extraction techniques of some materials lead to environmental pollution and thus the need for alternative material development has taken a major leap in the recent years. This has led to the development of composite materials and especially natural fiber composite materials. The natural fibers provide added advantage over their synthetic counterparts in terms of durability as well as sustainability. The present paper focuses on the development of banana fiber and jute fiber composites, their analysis and also a brief comparison...

Natural fibre based composites

Natural fibres have been used to reinforce materials for over 3000 years. More currently they have been employed in combination with plastics. Many types of natural fibres have been investigated for use in plastics including flax, hemp, jute, sisal and banana. Natural fibres have the advantage that they are renewable resources and have marketing appeal. These agricultural wastes can be used to prepare fibre reinforced polymer composites for commercial use. Application of composite materials to structures has presented the need for the engineering analysis the present work focuses on the fabrication of polymer matrix composites by using natural fibres like coir,banana and sisal which are abundant nature in desired shape by the help of various structures of paterns and calculating its material characteristics(flexural modulus, flexural rigidity, hardness number,% gain of water) by conducting tests like flexural test, hardness test, water absorption test, impact test, density test, and their results are measured on sections of the material and make use of the natural fibre reinforced polymer composite material for automotive seat shell manufacturing.

Development of natural fiber reinforced polymer composite

2005

Natural fiber reinforced polymer composite has gained paramount importance in the composite research field because of versatility and clivers;ned nature of application field and environmental concern Retted, Vvoolenized,rclted and bleached jute fibers were collected from Banglade~h Jute Research Institute. Retted, relted ami bleached' variety of woven jute mals were collected Irom the Bangladesh Jute Mills COTporation (BJMC). Fibers were cut into 5:!:lmrn length and the woven jute fabrics were cut 10350mmx300mm dimension and dried for 12 hours In an oven allooac. Jute fiber surface waS analyzed under scanning eledron microscope (SEM). Different morphology of the fiber surface was detected. Woolcnization treatment severely removed the fiber binding materials e,g. lignin, hemicellulose etc, and leached out some portion of fibrous body of jutc fiber. Bleaching treatment in tum removed the lignin in between the fibrous bundle of jute fiber. Composite specimens >{ were fabricated ...

COMPOSITES FROM NATURAL FIBRES

It is an incontrovertible fact that currently a number of natural fibres such as jute, flax bamboo coir and okra are being considered as suitable candidates for fibre reinforcement material in composites following chemical modification. Some of the fibres show hydrophobic behaviour following chemical treatments which makes them ideal for use in composites. Although a great deal of works has been done on the application of natural fibres by many research workers, only a few aspects of work have been reported and there are many questions to be answered. This paper addresses some of the issues connected with composites which are produced from natural fibres. In order to have information on the structure properties and their interrelationships, a considerable amount of work has been reported but some more work is desirable. Also, data on their properties following chemical modification are required.

Natural Fibre Composites and Their Applications: A Review

Journal of Composites Science

There is significant work published in recent years about natural fibres polymeric composites. Most of the studies are about the characterization of natural fibres and their comparison with conventional composites regarding mechanical behaviour and application performance. There are dozens of types of natural fibres with different properties influencing their use, or not, in specific industrial applications. The natural origin of these materials causes, in general, a wide range of variations in properties depending mainly on the harvesting location and conditions, making it difficult to select the appropriate fibre for a specific application. In this paper, a comprehensive review about the properties of natural fibres used as composite materials reinforcement is presented, aiming to map where each type of fibre is positioned in several properties. Recent published work on emergent types of fibres is also reviewed. A bibliometric study regarding applications of natural fibres composi...

Natural fibre-reinforced composites for bioengineering and environmental engineering applications

Recently, the mankind has realized that unless environment is protected, he himself will be threatened by the over consumption of natural resource as well as substantial reduction of fresh air produced in the world. Conservation of forests and optimal utilization of agricultural and other renewable resources like solar and wind energies, and recently, tidal energy have become important topics worldwide. In such concern, the use of renewable resources such as plant and animal based fibre-reinforce polymeric composites , has been becoming an important design criterion for designing and manufacturing components for all industrial products. Research on biodegradable polymeric composites, can contribute for green and safe environment to some extent. In the biomedical and bioengineered field, the use of natural fibre mixed with biodegradable and bioresorbable polymers can produce joints and bone fixtures to alleviate pain for patients. In this paper, a comprehensive review on different kinds of natural fibre composites will be given. Their potential in future development of different kinds of engineering and domestic products will also be discussed in detail.

Treatments of Natural Fibre as Reinforcement in Polymer Composites-Short Review

Functional Composites and Structures

The demand for environmental awareness, preserving nature and being beneficial for societal economics has attracted the attention of many researchers and industries to examine the potential usage of natural fibers. There are a lot of beneficial natural fiber sources in a wide range of applications in the composites industry. It is worth mentioning that the performance of natural fiber-reinforced composites can be tailored through a certain natural fiber treatment, and hybridization by employing an appropriate number of synthetic fibers or with other natural fibers. In addition to cost-effectiveness balance, a balance between environmental impacts and desired performance can be achieved by designing the composite based on the product requirements. Yet, certain drawbacks such as incompatibility with the hydrophobic polymer matrix, hydrophilic nature and the tendency to absorb moisture during processing greatly reduce the potential of natural fibers to be used as reinforcements in polymer composites. In this short review, the main results presented in the literature are summarized, focusing on the properties and challenges of natural fibers, the processing behavior of natural fiber treatments, and paying attention to the use of physical and chemical treatments for the improvement of fiber-matrix interaction as reinforcement for polymeric matrices (thermoplastics, thermosets and biodegradables). Hemicellulose Cellulose Lignin Therrmal degradation Hemicellulose Non crystalline celulose Crystalline cellulose Lignin Biological degradation Figure 1. Factors contributing to the diverse properties of natural fiber. This leads to lightweight composites being made. The demand for the commercial use of natural fiber-based composites in various industries, such as automobiles, aerospace and civil, has been increasing, as many reports have been released [4, 5]. The current usage of the word 'biodegradable' for natural fiber composites does in fact mean the use of natural fuels in the polymer sector and, as a result of the reduced operation of plastic burning, reduces reliance on oil supplies and emissions of greenhouse gases [6-8]. The definition 'natural fiber' includes all fiber forms present in plants (cellulose fibers), animals (protein fibers) and minerals that exist in nature (asbestos, chitin and chitosan). Flexible materials with a broad aspect ratio and high tensile strength can also be known as natural fibers. While fibrous materials are abundant, including cotton, wood, grain and straw in particular being cellulosic, not all materials are available for use in textiles or other industrial fibers. Apart from the economic viewpoint, the qualities of weight, softness, elasticity, abrasion resistance and surface characteristics drive the adequacy of a fiber for business purposes [9, 10]. The physical and mechanical properties of certain natural fibers, such as fiber structures, cellulose composition, the intrinsic angle and degree of polymerization, are dictated by their chemical and physical composition [11-13]. Swelling of the fibers because of the moisture accumulation is the major disadvantage of natural fibers, creating poor linkage to the composite fiber matrix [14, 15]. Natural fibers are inherently less mechanical than synthetic fibers. A key drawback in the production of high-performance materials is their low mechanical properties. Several mechanical approaches were found, including changes in interfacial attachment, physical handling, chemical composition and natural fiber-synthetic fiber hybridization. Hybridizing natural fibers, in order to overcome the drawbacks of the other kind of fibers, leads to the synergistic effect of hybridized fibers. The use of all fibers to build a hybrid fiber-reinforced composite structure provides a feasible balance between higher material properties and the environmental advantages of natural fibers. The effective arrangement of structural numbers also enhances the material properties of the hybrids. The use of reinforcing hybrid fibers has been found to be a practical alternative to standard synthetic construction materials for structural applications [16, 17]. In this way, a proper composite material design will balance costs, efficiency and sustainability. Figure 1 shows the factors contributing to the performance of biocomposites originated from natural fibers.