Short-term colour memory for two-dimensional swatches under different illuminants: paper samples and computer displays (original) (raw)
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Color memory and color constancy
Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 1996
Color constancy is the perceived stability of the color of objects despite changes in the light illuminating them. An object's color is considered constant if the current perceived color is judged to be in accord with the remembered one. Thus the accuracy and precision of color memory are fundamental to understanding this classic problem. Two hypotheses of color memory are tested here: (1) the photoreceptor hypothesis, which states that the color recalled from memory reproduces the light absorbed by each type of cone and (2) the surfacereflectance hypothesis, which states that the color recalled from memory is based on an inferred spectral reflectance of a surface that does not depend on the spectral distribution of the illuminant. In the experiments a test color is surrounded by either (i) a complex pattern composed of several colored patches or (ii) a uniform ''gray'' field at the chromaticity of the illuminant. In a control condition the test color is presented on a dark background. Long-term memory of the test color is measured in a production task begun 10 min after the end of the learning phase. In general, the results with a complex surround are consistent with the surfacereflectance hypothesis but not with the photoreceptor hypothesis. Color memory with the ''gray'' surround, on the other hand, shows a much stronger effect of the illuminant used during learning. These results are consistent with computational models of color constancy that require three or more chromaticities in view.
Influence of Basic Colour Parameters on Colour Memory
Tekstilec, 2019
Introduction Th e memorial restoration of a certain event or sensation (e.g. colour) is far from being perfect. Contrary to a common belief, our memory is not infallible. As confi rmed by several investigations, our colour memory is rather poor and the sensation of a colour is not always remembered accurately [1−3].
The influence of colour on memory performance: a review
The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS, 2013
Human cognition involves many mental processes that are highly interrelated, such as perception, attention, memory, and thinking. An important and core cognitive process is memory, which is commonly associated with the storing and remembering of environmental information. An interesting issue in memory research is on ways to enhance memory performance, and thus, remembering of information. Can colour result in improved memory abilities? The present paper highlights the relationship between colours, attention, and memory performance. The significance of colour in different settings is presented first, followed by a description on the nature of human memory. The role of attention and emotional arousal on memory performance is discussed next. The review of several studies on colours and memory are meant to explain some empirical works done in the area and related issues that arise from such studies.
Colour Memory Analysis for Selected Associative Colours
TEKSTILEC, 2021
Colours are one of the most important factors in everyday life. The exact number of existing colours is not yet fully known. Nevertheless, people are known for having poor colour memory. The ability to remember colours depends both on the characteristics of an individual and the situation in which the colour needs to be recalled. The field of colour memory (perception and memory of unusual colours) has been very poorly researched. The aim of this study was to analyse long-term colour memory for selected associative colours, comparing it with short-term colour memory. The research approach was based on observation, with observers observing for a period of time a particular colour, image, or a descriptively given reference colour. Colour was treated sepa¬rately from associations in the first part, and related to associations in the second and third parts. The first part contained all the reference colours shown independently of associations, the second part contained grayscale images ...
We live in a world of color. The rapid rise in technology utilizing full color spectrums such as televisions, the internet, and cell phones, has intensified research on the impact of color on memory(Greene, Bell, & Boyer, 1983; Wilson, 1996). Previous research has shown that warm colors can increase memory retention (Myers, 2006). Given the amount of color with color naming which individuals engage while comprehending information .it is logical to question whether color has enough impact to increase memory retention. Color has been found to increase a person's arousal. It was proposed by Faber Birren (1950) that warm colors, such as red and yellow, increase arousal more than cool colors, such as green and blue. Warm colors are those that are vivid in nature. Artistically speaking, they are said to advance in space, opposed to cool colors that are soothing and tend to recede in space. Birren's finding was supported by further research done by Greene, et al. (1983). They found that warm colors increase arousal compared to cool colors. Participants were issued three different scales measuring emotional response, personal feelings, and quality of place. They were then seated in a small room with one of ten different colors mounted on the walls. They then filled out the scales again and were given a task to measure boredom. Greene et al. found that yellow and orange (warm colors) elicited more arousal than other colors like brown and gray.
A behavioural investigation of human visual short term memory for colour
Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 2010
We examined visual short term memory (VSTM) for colour using a delayed-match-to-sample paradigm. In these experiments we measured the effects of increasing inter-stimulus interval (ISI), varying between 0 and 10 s, on the ability of five colour normal human observers to make colour matches between a reference and subsequently presented test stimuli. The coloured stimuli used were defined by different chromatic axes on the isoluminant plane of DKL colour space. In preliminary experiments we used a hue scaling procedure to identify a total of 12 colour stimuli which served as reference hues in the colour memory experiments: four stimuli were exemplars of red, green, blue and yellow colour appearance categories, four were located between these categories and a further four were located on the cardinal axes that isolated the activity of the cone-opponent mechanisms. Our results demonstrate that there is a reduction in the ability of observers to make accurate colour matches with increasing ISIs and that this reduced performance was similar for all colour stimuli. However, the shifts in hue that were measured between the reference and matched test stimuli were significantly greater for the cardinal stimuli compared to those measured for the stimuli defined by the hue scaling procedure. This deterioration in the retention of hue in VSTM for stimuli that isolate cone-opponent mechanisms may be a reflection of the reorganisation of colour processing that occurs in the cortex where colour appearance mechanisms become more prominent.
Accuracy of Cross-Media Colour Memory
ABSTRACT This work is concerned with the investigation of colour memory of users (designers, printers, students, etc.) in cross-media situations, particularly, between physical (printed) and digital (onscreen) colours. The preliminary experiment reported here supports findings by other researchers that there are systematic shifts between the memory colours of observers and the target colours that are being memorized.
This study examined whether additive colour has an effect on Visual STM (Short-term Memory). Participants were 30 undergraduates aged 20-24 years at Maranatha Christian University. A Within Subject Design was used, modified by a counterbalancing technique to control the sequencing effect (such as practice effect and carry over effect). With the consent of each participant, they were tested inside a room with minimum lighting. Each participant was tested three times under each experimental condition (additive colours: blue, red, and white, on the stimulus of the memory span task, called Simonides Test, on a laptop monitor). There were 3 types of Simonides Tests, consisting of 14 items each. Each participant was instructed to memorize the Simonides Test’s stimulus, which was a coloured circle (at first it appeared inside one of the squares shown on the laptop screen) moved from one square to another square per second, in some random patterns, then the coloured circle vanished. Soon after the coloured circle was gone, there was a number shown on each square, and then they had to recall the location where the coloured circle had gone to, and mention the number shown on each square. It was hypothesized that participant would recall more location’s digit number when the stimulus was coloured by blue additive than red additive colour or white additive. A Repeated Measure Anova was conducted and the result indicated that there was a statistically significant difference in percentage of the location’s digit number recalled based on its colour. Further LSD (Least Significant Difference) Post-Hoc Test was conducted and resulted in significant difference between the additive colour blue and red, p = 0.0215 (one-tailed), and between additive colour blue and white, p = 0.003 (one-tailed).
Effect of White and Yellow Background Colour on Short Term Memory: A Cross-over Study
Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 2021
Introduction: Colour has a potential influence on learning by improving Short Term Memory (STM) in different settings. Background colours of study materials can have an impact on STM in healthy student population. Enhanced memory can improve academic performance in students. In this study background colour between chromatic/yellow and achromatic/ white colours were compared. Aim: To compare the effect of white background black text with yellow (preferential colour chosen via voting by students) background black text of study materials on STM. Materials and Methods: A cross-over study design was conducted in a tertiary care hospital of southern India with an interval of two weeks in October 2018. Two groups of 27 students each were assessed for visual STM using word list recall in a cross-over design study with an interval of two weeks duration. Data was collected as number of words and correct number of words recalled, from the word list. The obtained data was then put to statistical analysis using statistical software IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0. Results: Out of total sample of 54 students, 13 were males and 41 were females. The males and females were comparable with age with p-value of 0.25 which was not statistically significant. The analysis showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the number of words and number of correct words recalled between white and yellow colour backgrounds in both the sessions. There was an overall improvement in the recall of words in both test materials from first session to second session. Conclusion: Chromatic/yellow background colour was no better than the standard achromatic/white background colour. Improvement in the number of words recalled from first session to second session with both colours appeared to be due to carry over effects.
The Effect of Age on Color Memory1
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of age on short-term color memory using the method of successive color matching. A group of 11 college students with an average age of 20 was compared to a group of experienced art dealers and collectors with an average age of 63. Using 24 hues of three cuts in three delay conditions, a total of 72 trials were presented to each group. The results show that a delay condition with verbal interference decreased the accuracy of response for both populations, but proportionately more so for the student group. The seniors performed overall less accurately than the students across colors and cuts, with the seniors exhibiting a significant decrease in accuracy for the short wavelength colors, blue and purple. This suggests that lenticular senescence is an important factor in indicating which hues are most easily remembered by senior subjects. Another implication of these results is that color memory for the seniors is possibly more contextual, also involving material, surface texture, and patina.