Influence of Brazilian herbal regulations on the use and conservation of native medicinal plants (original) (raw)
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Trade and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants in Brazil
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016
The use of medicinal plants is influenced by the cultural legacy of popular knowledge of plants with therapeutic purposes, resulting from the ethnic mix of the population, with a strong Indian, European, African, and Asian influence. Other factors, such as difficulties in access the regular health services associated with poor socioeconomic conditions, and easy access to medicinal plants, and/or herbal products have contributed to consolidate herbal medicine as a widely resource used by the population. However, these products, derived from plants do not always possess the sufficient safeguards for their use and have not been proved for their therapeutic safety or quality. Thus, it emphasizes the need for studies on the marketing of medicinal plants, and to evaluate the quality of these products in order to conduct pharmacovigilance, ensure safe and effective use, especially by contributing to the full development of Phytotherapy.
Changes in the trade in native medicinal plants in Brazilian public markets
Plants continue to be an important source of new bioactive substances. Brazil is one of the world's mega-diverse countries, with 20 % of the world's flora. However, the accelerated destruction of botanically rich ecosystems has contributed to a gradual loss of native medicinal species. In previous study, we have observed a fast and intensive change in trade of medicinal plants in an area of Amazon, where human occupation took place. In this study, we surveyed 15 public markets in different parts of Brazil in search of samples of 40 plants used in traditional medicine and present in first edition of Brazilian Official Pharmacopoeia (FBRAS), published in 1926. Samples of plants commercialized as the same vernacular name as in Pharmacopoeia were acquired and submitted to analysis for authentication. A total of 252 plant samples were purchased, but the laboratory analyses showed that only onehalf of the samples (126, 50.2 %) were confirmed as the same plant species so named in FBRAS. The high number of unauthenticated samples demonstrates a loss of knowledge of the original native species. The proximity of the market from areas in which the plant occurs does not guarantee that trade of false samples occurs. The impact of the commerce of the substitute species on their conservation and in public health is worrying. Strategies are necessary to promote the better use and conservation of this rich heritage offered by Brazilian biodiversity.
Medicinal plants and other botanical products from the Brazilian Official Pharmacopoeia
Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 2006
RESUMO: "Plantas medicinais e outros produtos vegetais da Farmacopéia Brasileira". Este artigo descreve os resultados de uma extensa revisão efetuada nas quatro edições da Farmacopéia Brasileira, buscando dados sobre as plantas medicinais e outros produtos vegetais nela descritos. O crescimento da indústria farmacêutica internacional a partir da segunda metade do século passado afetou intensamente a medicina ofi cial no Brasil. O texto faz uma breve análise das transformações sofridas pela Farmacopéia, tomando como base a existência de Monografi as para as espécies vegetais nativas. Os resultados do estudo demonstram uma intensa substituição das plantas nativas do Brasil por medicamentos industrializados e outros produtos vegetais estrangeiros, confi rmando assim a necessidade de investimentos em pesquisa de validação das nossas plantas medicinais.
History of Medicinal Plant Use Over Time: From Empirical Knowledge to New Guidelines in Brazil
Journal of Advances in Bio- pharmaceutics and Pharmacovigilance, 2020
This article aims to make a chronological study of the use of plants for therapeutic purposes in Traditional Medicine in view of the medicinal use of great anthropological relevance for some countries. A bibliographic review was used as research methodology, paying attention to the interdisciplinary process with regard to knowledge preserved and bequeathed by past generations; thus aiming to create investigative possibility that provides scientific comparative analysis in studies of flora and its medicinal potential, pointing to the future perspectives. It also discusses the aspects of biodiversity and the sustainability of these resources in Brazil from the perspective of the World Health Organization, the Conventions on Biological Diversity of the Ministry of the Environment and also treats ANVISA's guidelines regarding the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia's Phytotherapeutics form for the production of new phytotherapics and the list of SUS medicinal plants (Renisus).
Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 2014
Medicinal plants have been used for many years and are the source of new active substances and new drugs of pharmaceutical interest. The popular knowledge contained in the openair markets is studied through urban ethnobotany, and is a good source of information for ethnobotanical research. In this context, we surveyed the literature on works concerning open-air markets in the State of Rio de Janeiro to gather knowledge of the commercialized plants therein. A literature search resulted in ten studies with 376 listed species, distributed in 94 families and 273 genera. Asteraceae family had the greater representation, followed by Lamiaceae and Fabaceae. Solanum was the most frequent genus. Two hundred and twenty four species could be considered potentially toxic or potentially interact with other drugs/medicines. Eighteen species are referred as "not for use during pregnancy", and 3 "not for use while nursing". These results are a source of concern since in Brazil, as it is worldwide, there is the notion that plants can never be harmful. The results for the Sørensen Coefficient showed greater similarity between works performed in very close study areas. Other studies presented low similarity, mainly because of the difficulty in plant identification or a very specific focus in methodology.
Traditional uses of American plant species from the 1st edition of Brazilian Official Pharmacopoeia
Revista Brasileira De Farmacognosia-brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy, 2009
Brasileira". A 1ª Edição da Farmacopéia Brasileira, publicada em 1929, é uma rica fonte de informação sobre as plantas medicinais nativas das Américas, uma vez que ela lista as espécies usadas na medicina tradicional e oficial da época. Neste estudo, foi feita uma extensa revisão sobre os usos tradicionais de plantas descritas em oitenta e sete Monografias presentes na FBRAS 1ª Edição, em vinte livros publicados do século 19 até a década de 1970. Oitenta e seis diferentes usos medicinais foram citados e três ou mais livros; mesmos usos foram descritos em dez ou mais referências, mostrando seu amplo emprego e importância como medicamento. Os resultados mostram que as espécies nativas presentes na 1ª Edição da FBRAS têm longa tradição em uso, confirmado pelos dados históricos. É necessário, portanto, que estudos farmacológicos com essas plantas sejam estimulados, como forma de promover seu melhor aproveitamento.
Ethnopharmacological importance: The use of medicinal plants for treatment, cure and prevention of diseases has been described by many people since time immemorial. Because of this use, commercial and scientific interests have emerged, making it necessary to realize ethnobotanical surveys of medicinal plants species, which is important for subsequent chemical and pharmacological bioprospections. Aim of the study: This study aimed at surveying, identifying, cataloging and documenting the medicinal plants species used in the Valley of Juruena, Northwestern Mato Grosso, Legal Amazon Brazil for the treatment of various human diseases, as well as assessed the species of interest for bioprospecting potential. Materials and methods: Informants were interviewed using semi-structured form to capture information on socio-demographic and ethnopharmacological data of medicinal plants such as vernacular name, uses, geographic origin, habit, form of preparation and part used. Results were analyzed using descriptive and quantitative means: indices of use-report (Ur) and informant consensus factor (ICF), for the selection of plant species with therapeutic potential. Results: Three hundred and thirty two plants species belonging to 90 families were reported for medicinal purposes and totaling 3973 use-reports were reported by 365 (92.9%) of the people interviewed. Asteraceae (32.2%), Fabaceae (26.7%) and Lamiaceae (24.4%) families were the most represented, with majority being species native (64.45%) to Brazil. Leaves (64.5%) were the part of the plant most used and infusion (45.7%) was the most utilized form. Gastrointestinal disorders followed by respiratory complaints topped the list of use-reports. The native or naturalized plants with the highest use reports in the order of decreasing absolute frequency per each emic-category are Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapfc (104), Mentha pulegium L. (94), Arrabidaea chica (Humb. & Bonpl.) B. Verl. (97), Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) Kuntze (71), Baccharis crispa Spreng (57), Phyllanthus niruri L. (48), Gossypium barbadense L. (44), Solidago microglossa DC. (40) and Bauhinia forficata L. (20). And the most cited exotics are: Chenopodium ambrosioides L. (151), Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f., (89) and Rosmarinus officinalis L. (72). In some cases, high ICF values were found, which reflects high degree of homogeneity of consensus among informants in this region on medicinal plants. Conclusion: The population of Valle of Juruena makes use of a wide array of medicinal plants distributed in all use categories with predominance of those use in the treatments of gastrointestinal and respiratory Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Knowledge and use of medicinal plants in the Semiarid Region of Brazil
This study aimed to record the knowledge and use of medicinal species in the Semiarid Region of Paraíba, Northeast Brazil. Interviews were conducted with 100% of homeowners (men and women). We calculated the Relative Importance Index (RI) to determine local most important species. We recorded 45 species, 41 genera and 20 families. The most representative families were Fabaceae (12 spp.), Euphorbiaceae (5 spp.) and Anacardiaceae (4 ssp.). Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão and Syderoxylum obtusifolium (Roem & Schult.) T. D. Penn. were the most prominent species. There were 17 medicinal plants that showed great versatility in their use of RI > 1. There was predominance for treatment of respiratory system disorders, undefined diseases or undefined pain, digestive and genitourinary system disorders, and general inflammation and cicatrizing the two most cited diseases. The bark was the most used part with 1,399 use citations, and sauce was the main method of preparation (586 citations). This study demonstrated a greater use of two endangered species in the Caatinga, revealing conservation concerns.