Medicinal plants and other botanical products from the Brazilian Official Pharmacopoeia (original) (raw)
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Trade and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants in Brazil
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016
The use of medicinal plants is influenced by the cultural legacy of popular knowledge of plants with therapeutic purposes, resulting from the ethnic mix of the population, with a strong Indian, European, African, and Asian influence. Other factors, such as difficulties in access the regular health services associated with poor socioeconomic conditions, and easy access to medicinal plants, and/or herbal products have contributed to consolidate herbal medicine as a widely resource used by the population. However, these products, derived from plants do not always possess the sufficient safeguards for their use and have not been proved for their therapeutic safety or quality. Thus, it emphasizes the need for studies on the marketing of medicinal plants, and to evaluate the quality of these products in order to conduct pharmacovigilance, ensure safe and effective use, especially by contributing to the full development of Phytotherapy.
Traditional uses of American plant species from the 1st edition of Brazilian Official Pharmacopoeia
Revista Brasileira De Farmacognosia-brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy, 2009
Brasileira". A 1ª Edição da Farmacopéia Brasileira, publicada em 1929, é uma rica fonte de informação sobre as plantas medicinais nativas das Américas, uma vez que ela lista as espécies usadas na medicina tradicional e oficial da época. Neste estudo, foi feita uma extensa revisão sobre os usos tradicionais de plantas descritas em oitenta e sete Monografias presentes na FBRAS 1ª Edição, em vinte livros publicados do século 19 até a década de 1970. Oitenta e seis diferentes usos medicinais foram citados e três ou mais livros; mesmos usos foram descritos em dez ou mais referências, mostrando seu amplo emprego e importância como medicamento. Os resultados mostram que as espécies nativas presentes na 1ª Edição da FBRAS têm longa tradição em uso, confirmado pelos dados históricos. É necessário, portanto, que estudos farmacológicos com essas plantas sejam estimulados, como forma de promover seu melhor aproveitamento.
History of Medicinal Plant Use Over Time: From Empirical Knowledge to New Guidelines in Brazil
Journal of Advances in Bio- pharmaceutics and Pharmacovigilance, 2020
This article aims to make a chronological study of the use of plants for therapeutic purposes in Traditional Medicine in view of the medicinal use of great anthropological relevance for some countries. A bibliographic review was used as research methodology, paying attention to the interdisciplinary process with regard to knowledge preserved and bequeathed by past generations; thus aiming to create investigative possibility that provides scientific comparative analysis in studies of flora and its medicinal potential, pointing to the future perspectives. It also discusses the aspects of biodiversity and the sustainability of these resources in Brazil from the perspective of the World Health Organization, the Conventions on Biological Diversity of the Ministry of the Environment and also treats ANVISA's guidelines regarding the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia's Phytotherapeutics form for the production of new phytotherapics and the list of SUS medicinal plants (Renisus).
Influence of Brazilian herbal regulations on the use and conservation of native medicinal plants
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2010
For decades, several native medicinal species have been used by the pharmaceutical industry in Brazil to create commercial products. In 1995, the Ministry of Health, following the recommendations of the World Health Organization, established herbal regulations (RDC 17) in order to improve the quality of such products. In fact, only plant species with conclusive results from pharmacological and toxicological studies can be used for creating medicines. In this study, we evaluated the consequences of RDC 17 on the use and conservation of native medicinal plants by comparing the plant material used by six companies in 1995/1996 and 10 years later (2005/2006). Eightythree different species were used in of them native (60.2%), 16 exotic (19.3%), and 17 imported (20.5%). In 2005/2006, 44 species were used by the companies and only 19 (43.2%) were native. The category of plant material that saw the largest decrease in use was roots, and in 2005/2006 leaves were more used. The study shows a strong reduction in the collection of native species signalizing the importance of herbal regulations on their conservation. It also points to the need for pharmacological and toxicological studies of the Brazilian native medicinal flora, as well as studies on their ecology and conservation.
Changes in the trade in native medicinal plants in Brazilian public markets
Plants continue to be an important source of new bioactive substances. Brazil is one of the world's mega-diverse countries, with 20 % of the world's flora. However, the accelerated destruction of botanically rich ecosystems has contributed to a gradual loss of native medicinal species. In previous study, we have observed a fast and intensive change in trade of medicinal plants in an area of Amazon, where human occupation took place. In this study, we surveyed 15 public markets in different parts of Brazil in search of samples of 40 plants used in traditional medicine and present in first edition of Brazilian Official Pharmacopoeia (FBRAS), published in 1926. Samples of plants commercialized as the same vernacular name as in Pharmacopoeia were acquired and submitted to analysis for authentication. A total of 252 plant samples were purchased, but the laboratory analyses showed that only onehalf of the samples (126, 50.2 %) were confirmed as the same plant species so named in FBRAS. The high number of unauthenticated samples demonstrates a loss of knowledge of the original native species. The proximity of the market from areas in which the plant occurs does not guarantee that trade of false samples occurs. The impact of the commerce of the substitute species on their conservation and in public health is worrying. Strategies are necessary to promote the better use and conservation of this rich heritage offered by Brazilian biodiversity.
RESUMO: "Outras plantas medicinais e produtos botânicos da 1ª Edição da Farmacopéia Brasileira". Em trabalho anterior foi descrita a relação das plantas medicinais e produtos botânicos presentes nas quatro edições da Farmacopéia Brasileira (FBRAS). O trabalho discutiu também sobre a substituição das plantas nativas do Brasil por outros produtos importados e sintéticos ao longo das últimas décadas. Neste artigo, são apresentados novos dados sobre plantas medicinais e produtos botânicos presentes na 1ª Edição da FBRAS e em seus dois suplementos.
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2008
Ethnopharmacological relevance: The American flora represents one of the world's wealthiest sources of material with pharmacological activity due to its biodiversity. Medicinal plants are widely used as home remedies in Brazil but several species used are native of other continents and were introduced here since the colonization, beginning in 1500. The Traditional Medicine Division of the WHO recognizes the importance of plant species used by the Amerindian as medicines, and recommends that their efficacies should be evaluated through pharmacological and toxicological assays. Aim of the study: To verify which Brazilian medicinal plants, especially those of Amerindian origin, were used in 19th century and have been evaluated by pharmacological studies. Materials and methods: Data about the use of native plants in traditional medicine were searched in bibliographic material from European naturalists who traveled throughout Minas Gerais in the 19th century. Results and conclusion: Two hundred and three species were described as useful by these naturalists and thirty-nine of them were also included in the first edition of Brazilian Official Pharmacopoeia (FBRAS) in 1929, showing their use also in conventional medicine. Seventeen species have medicinal properties of Amerindian origin but despite the long tradition of medicinal plant use, only nine have been evaluated by pharmacological studies. That the studies which have been conducted to date have in each case confirmed the traditional uses of the plants examined. We suggest that the remaining species must be regarded as a priority for pharmacological studies, as they have promising phytotherapeutic potential.
Medical plants: from Colonial Brazil to their indication by the National Single Health System – SHS
AI Publication, 2019
Traditional knowledge of medicinal plants contextualizes the history of humanity. Thus, this research aims to analyze the use of medicinal plants in Brazil, addressing the historical aspects, the regulatory framework, and the prospects of proof and indication by SHS. Human kind has always used medicinal plants, described 60,000 years ago B.C. and 5,000 years ago B.C. by Chinese medicine. In Brazil, due to the wide biological diversity of fauna, flora, and traditional communities, it is a historical representation of human interaction with ecosystems. Some naturalists who have traveled throughout Brazil during the Colonial and Imperial periods, resulting in works such as Natural History of Brazil and Nature, Diseases, Medicine and Remedies of Brazilian Indians, have described the reports on the use of plants. The field diaries and drawings produced by the travelers were essential for the development of research. Only in the twentieth century it was possible to perform more complex pharmacological tests, and the regulatory framework governing the production, use, and regularization of medicinal plants was subsequently approved, as well as in the National Program of Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapies, phytotherapeutic drugs were inserted into the treatment of diseases of the Single Health System. The interculturation of traditional knowledge by the different cultures that make up Brazil is a unique factor in the dissemination of phytotherapy present in the national floristic diversity.
Knowledge and use of medicinal plants in the Semiarid Region of Brazil
This study aimed to record the knowledge and use of medicinal species in the Semiarid Region of Paraíba, Northeast Brazil. Interviews were conducted with 100% of homeowners (men and women). We calculated the Relative Importance Index (RI) to determine local most important species. We recorded 45 species, 41 genera and 20 families. The most representative families were Fabaceae (12 spp.), Euphorbiaceae (5 spp.) and Anacardiaceae (4 ssp.). Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão and Syderoxylum obtusifolium (Roem & Schult.) T. D. Penn. were the most prominent species. There were 17 medicinal plants that showed great versatility in their use of RI > 1. There was predominance for treatment of respiratory system disorders, undefined diseases or undefined pain, digestive and genitourinary system disorders, and general inflammation and cicatrizing the two most cited diseases. The bark was the most used part with 1,399 use citations, and sauce was the main method of preparation (586 citations). This study demonstrated a greater use of two endangered species in the Caatinga, revealing conservation concerns.
Popular Knowledge and Medicinal Plants Use in Natividade City - RJ, Brazil
Biológicas & Saúde, 2011
A utilização de plantas medicinais é bastante difundida por todo mundo, inclusive no Brasil, que é detentor de uma vasta diversidade biológica e rica diversidade cultural. Neste cenário destaca-se o vasto acervo de conhecimentos sobre manejo e uso de plantas medicinais. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi realizar um estudo etnobotânico sobre a utilização de plantas medicinais pela população da cidade de Natividade-RJ. A coleta dos dados consistiu-se na aplicação de um questionário a 240 residências deste município. Além de questões socioeconômicas, indagou-se o nome popular das plantas, partes utilizadas, preparados e vias de administração. A análise dos questionários revelou 77,5% dos entrevistados utilizam plantas com propriedades medicinais. Os entrevistados citaram 23 espécies distribuídas em 16 famílias, dentre estas o Boldo (Vernonia condensata Baker, Asteraceae) e Erva cidreira (Melissa officinalis L., Lamiaceae) foram as espécies mais citadas. O Índice de Relevância para todas as espécies mostrou que: 34,78% das espécies possuem pouco uso pela comunidade local, 47,82% uso intermediário, e 17,40% espécies são amplamente utilizadas pela população deste município. Os dados sugerem que o município de Natividade apresenta uma rica herança cultural em plantas medicinais servindo como fonte de informações a inclusão de novas plantas medicinais na RENISUS.