The Effects of Poor Quality Sleep on Brain Function and Risk Taking in Adolescence (original) (raw)
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This doctoral dissertation seeks to provide a deeper understanding of the association between sleep variables (sleep duration, variability and problems) and risk-taking behaviors (general delinquency, substance use and sexual risk-taking) from late childhood into adolescence. The study examines the change over time in sleep and risk-taking separately and the association between these variables over time. The influences of pubertal development and parental monitoring on the association between sleep and risk-taking are considered. Finally, executive functioning and impulse control are explored as possible mediators that may explain the association. Data for the study are drawn from the National Institutes of Child Health and Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (NICHD SECCYD) sixth grade and 15 year data collections. As predicted, sleep variables demonstrated changes from sixth grade to 15 years that reflected worsening sleep with decreased sleep durations, inc...
Reward-Related Brain Function and Sleep in Pre/Early Pubertal and Mid/Late Pubertal Adolescents
Journal of Adolescent Health, 2009
Purpose-The onset of adolescence is a time of dramatic changes, including changes in sleep, and a time of new health concerns related to increases in risk-taking, sensation-seeking, depression, substance use, and accidents. As part of a larger study examining puberty-specific changes in adolescents' reward-related brain function, the current paper focuses on the relationship between functional neuroimaging measures of reward and measures of sleep. Methods-58 healthy participants age 11-13 completed a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan using a guessing task with monetary rewards and four-days of at home actigraphy and selfreported sleep ratings. Sleep variables included actigraph measures of mean weekend minutes asleep, sleep onset time, and sleep offset time, as well as self-reported sleep quality. Results-During reward anticipation, less activation in the caudate (part of the ventral striatum) was associated with fewer minutes asleep, later sleep onset time, and lower sleep quality. During reward outcome, less caudate activation was associated with later sleep onset time, earlier sleep offset time, and lower sleep quality. Conclusions-It has been hypothesized that adolescents' low reactivity in reward-related brain areas could lead to compensatory increases in reward-driven behavior. This study's findings suggest that sleep could contribute to such behavior. Because decreased sleep has been associated with risky behavior and negative mood, these findings raise concerns about a negative spiral whereby the effects of puberty and sleep deprivation may have synergistic effects on reward processing, contributing to adolescent behavioral and emotional health problems.
Long-lasting effects of insufficient sleep on neurocognitive development in early adolescence
2022
ImportanceAdolescents nowadays often get insufficient sleep. Yet, the long-term adverse effects of sleep loss on developing brain and behavior remains unknown.ObjectiveTo determine whether insufficient sleep leads to long-lasting impacts on mental health, cognition, and brain development in adolescents across two years.DesignThis longitudinal study utilized a public dataset, the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, which is an ongoing study starting from 2016.SettingData were collected from 21 research sites in the U.S.Participants11,875 9-10-year-olds were recruited using stratified sampling in order to reflect the diversity of the U.S. population.InterventionIndividuals with sufficient versus insufficient sleep (< 9 hours per day for adolescents) were compared after controlling for age (months), sex, race, puberty status, and other 7 covariates based on propensity score matching.Main Outcomes and MeasuresBehavior problems, cognition, mental health assessments, r...
Sleep and the adolescent brain
Current Opinion in Physiology, 2020
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Insufficient sleep: Enhanced risk-seeking relates to low local sleep intensity
Annals of Neurology
Objectives: Chronic sleep restriction is highly prevalent in modern society and is in its clinical form, insufficient sleep syndrome, one of the most prevalent diagnoses in clinical sleep laboratories, with substantial negative impact on health and community burden. It reflects everyday sleep loss better than acute sleep deprivation, but its effects and particularly the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown for a variety of critical cognitive domains, as for example risky decision-making. Methods: We assessed financial risk-taking behavior after 7 consecutive nights of sleep restriction and after one night of acute sleep deprivation compared to a regular sleep condition in a within-subject design. We further investigated potential underlying mechanisms of sleep loss induced changes in behavior by high-density electroencephalography recordings during restricted sleep. Results: We show that chronic sleep restriction increases risk-seeking, while this was not observed after acute sleep deprivation. This increase was subjectively not noticed and was related to locally lower values of slow wave energy during preceding sleep, an electrophysiological marker of sleep intensity and restoration, in electrodes over the right prefrontal cortex. Interpretation: This study provides for the first time evidence that insufficient sleep restoration over circumscribed cortical areas leads to aberrant behavior. In chronically sleep restricted subjects, low slow wave sleep intensity over the right prefrontal cortex-which has been shown to be linked to risk behavior-may lead to increased and subjectively unnoticed risk-seeking.
Sleep habits, academic performance, and the adolescent brain structure
Scientific reports, 2017
Here we report the first and most robust evidence about how sleep habits are associated with regional brain grey matter volumes and school grade average in early adolescence. Shorter time in bed during weekdays, and later weekend sleeping hours correlate with smaller brain grey matter volumes in frontal, anterior cingulate, and precuneus cortex regions. Poor school grade average associates with later weekend bedtime and smaller grey matter volumes in medial brain regions. The medial prefrontal - anterior cingulate cortex appears most tightly related to the adolescents' variations in sleep habits, as its volume correlates inversely with both weekend bedtime and wake up time, and also with poor school performance. These findings suggest that sleep habits, notably during the weekends, have an alarming link with both the structure of the adolescent brain and school performance, and thus highlight the need for informed interventions.
REVIEW Changes in Sleep as a Function of Adolescent Development
Adolescence is marked by dramatic changes in sleep. Older adolescents go to bed later, have an increased preference for evening activities, and sleep less than younger adolescents. This behavior change is driven by external factors, notably increased pressures from academic, social, and extracurricular activities and by biological circadian factors. There are also substantial changes in sleep architecture across adolescence, with dramatic declines in slow wave sleep, and slow wave activity (delta,~0.5-4.5 Hz). These changes are associated with underlying changes in brain structure and organization, with a decrease in synaptic density likely underlying the reduction in high amplitude slow waveforms. While changes in sleep across adolescence are a normal part of development, many adolescents are getting insufficient sleep and are consequently, less likely to perform well at school, more likely to develop moodrelated disturbances, be obese, and are at greater risk for traffic accidents, alcohol and drug abuse.
Neural Basis of Brain Dysfunction Produced by Early Sleep Problems
Brain Sciences
There is a wealth of evidence that disrupted sleep and circadian rhythms, which are common in modern society even during the early stages of life, have unfavorable effects on brain function. Altered brain function can cause problem behaviors later in life, such as truancy from or dropping out of school, quitting employment, and committing suicide. In this review, we discuss findings from several large cohort studies together with recent results of a cohort study using the marshmallow test, which was first introduced in the 1960s. This test assessed the ability of four-year-olds to delay gratification and showed how this ability correlated with success later in life. The role of the serotonergic system in sleep and how this role changes with age are also discussed. The serotonergic system is involved in reward processing and interactions with the dorsal striatum, ventral striatum, and the prefrontal cortex are thought to comprise the neural basis for behavioral patterns that are affected by the quantity, quality, and timing of sleep early in life.
Sleep duration and risk-taking in adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Sleep Medicine Reviews
Risk-taking is associated with increased morbidity and mortality among adolescents, with insufficient sleep a potential factor contributing to heightened risk-taking propensity in this age group. A systematic review of the evidence examining the relationship between sleep duration and risk-taking in adolescents was conducted using PsycINFO, PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and CINAHL databases. These searches identified 26 studies including 579,380 participants, 24 of which were appropriate for meta-analysis. Pooled results indicated that insufficient sleep was associated with 1.43 [1.26, 1.62] times greater odds of risk-taking. This relationship was witnessed across diverse categories of risk-taking, including alcohol use, drug use, smoking, violent/delinquent behaviour, transport risk-taking/road safety, sexual risk-taking and trait risk-taking. Risk of bias analysis showed that the quality of the included studies was mixed. Further, few studies utilized either longitudinal or experimental designs, thus limiting causal conclusions. These findings highlight the importance of further research to examine the causal relationship between sleep duration and risk-taking and to elucidate the mechanisms that underpin this relationship.
Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 2022
Adolescent mental health problems have a proportion of up to 16% of the total burden of disease for people aged 10-19 years in the world. Various studies suggest that lack of sleep in adolescents can affect poor academic performance and the emergence of mental health problems such as depression. This article is intended to review the relationship between lack of sleep in adolescents with poor academic performance and the emergence of mental issues from a neuroscience perspective. We conducted a literature review regarding sleep deprivation and physiological phenomena that occur in the adolescent brain, which is then associated with mental health problems and decreased academic performance. At the end, we propose several solutions that can be used as policy guidelines to improve adolescent academic performance and maintain adolescent mental health.