Growth and bone mineralisation as affected by dietary calcium, phytic acid and vitamin D (original) (raw)
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Nutrition Research, 2000
Mexican diets are high in Phosphorus (P) with Ca /P ratios higher than recommended for optimum bone development. Beans and tortillas are the principal energy sources in the typical Mexican diet and these items are also the contributors of Calcium (Ca) and P. In the typical Mexican diet(vegetable diet of this study) , beans contribute substantial quantities of Ca (129 mg/d) and P (266 mg/d) and 274 mg Ca/d and 200 mg P/d for corn tortillas. When milk is included (mixed diet) , milk provides, 447 mg Ca/d and 350 mg P/d. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different Ca and P content typically found in Mexican diets on the growth and composition of rat femurs. Weanling rats were fed diets with different Ca and P content for 30 days, their femurs were extracted, weighed and the Ca and P content analyzed. Dietary Ca affects bone mass and Ca bone deposition (1=0.96;P<O.O5) to a much greater extent than dietary P (1=0.71;P<O.O5). Even though the P was higher than Ca in the diets, the femurs had equal molar ratios of Ca and P. Ca and P content in the femur of rats fed both test diets increased but to a much lesser extent than when the animals were fed control diets. The animals fed the negative control diet or a diet deficient in Ca and P, showed a significant loss of both Ca and P in the bone when compared to the initial values (PcO.05). On diets high in Ca, final size was larger and bone weights were larger. The rats fed the test diets had significantly (PcO.05) smaller femurs. The femur weight of the rats fed the vegetable diet did not differ in weight from those animals fed a diet deficient in Ca and P. Populations like Mexicans, who depend on beans and tortillas as their primary source of energy, as well as sources of Ca, in the diet, need to find ways to improve dietary Ca intake. Maintaining adequate Ca intake appears to be more important than Ca:P molar ratios.
Calcium-enriched bread supports skeletal growth of young rats
Nutrition Research, 1999
Calcium (Ca) malabsorption is believed to aggravate negative calcium balance and contribute importantly to age-related bone loss. Although dairy products are considered a rich and bioavailable source of calcium, there are people who either avoid these products or do not consume them in adequate amounts. Therefore, there is a need for alternative food choices that can provide individuals with adequate calcium without a need for supplementation. The current study was undertaken to examine whether calcium bioavailability of a bread-based diet is comparable with that of a milk-based diet. Additionally, the calcium bioavailability of these two diets were compared with semi-purified diets with varying amounts of fat and protein. Forty, 28 day old, male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four treatment groups and fed for 8 weeks. Treatments were as follows: control, received a semi-synthetic diet; bread, received a bread-based diet in which bread provided 100% of the CHO. 79% of the protein and 16% of the fat; milk, received a diet composed of 49.4% (w/w) non-fat dried milk, and HFHP. received a semi-synthetic diet with higher fat and protein contents than all the other groups. All the diets, except HFHP, were formulated to be iso-caloric and isonitrogenous. Absorption of Ca was assessed 8 days before the end of the study for a five-day period using the balance technique. Calcium absorption was significantly lower in the milk and HFHP groups in comparison to the bread and control groups. However, skeletal growth was not jeopardized in any of the treatment groups as judged by femoral density and mineral content and tibial protein content. Despite similar energy intakes, the final mean body weight of animals fed the milk-based diet was significantly lower than the other groups. These results indicate that enriched bread can serve as a good source of bioavailable calcium. Additionally, our data suggest that diets with higher fat content may interfere with calcium absorption. 0 ,999 ElseviaScieoccInC.
The type of lipid in the diet is essential for the proper functioning of the body system. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of administration of soybean oil, olive oil and margarine on the serum levels of calcium, iron and zinc. Group 1 received standard feed and tap water, while groups 2, 3, and 4 rats received 2 ml/kg body weight of soybean oil, olive oil and margarine respectively, orally for 21 days. Rat fed on diet containing soya bean oil had a significant (p<0.05) increase in serum calcium (mg/dl) levels while rats fed on olive oil and margarine had a significant (p<0.05) decrease compared to the control group. Diet with margarine caused significant (p<0.05) increases in serum zinc (µg/dl) levels whereas the group fed olive oil had significant (p<0.05) decreases in serum zinc compared to the control group. There was no significant (P˃0.05) difference in the serum zinc levels for the group fed soya bean oil as compared with the control group. The results showed significant (p<0.05) increases in the serum iron levels with margarine producing the highest increase (485.25±26.19mmol/l) relative to the control group (281.0±6.12mmol/l). The margarine fed group had significant (p<0.05) increase on serum zinc levels (191.85±4.33µg/dl) whereas the group fed olive oil had significant (p<0.05) decrease in serum zinc (144.77±5.23µg/dl) relative to the control group (179.90±4.56µg/dl). It can be concluded that the administration of soy bean oil increased the serum calcium levels which could be beneficial in preventing osteoporosis. The incorporation of these lipids in normal diet will serve as a good source of some vital minerals. 11
Calcium: A Nutrient Deserving a Special Issue
Nutrients, 2010
Interest in calcium has continued since the 1980s when its role in promoting bone growth and retention was established in clinical trials of children and postmenopausal women. The human nutrition functions now attributed to calcium have expanded beyond bone health to include other conditions such as body weight maintenance. While most efforts have been focused on the findings that dietary intakes are low, there are emerging data on safety concerns of excess amounts. This Special Issue on calcium nutrition, spanning the lifecycle from critically ill neonates through to older adults, has been written by some of the leading researchers in this field.
AFFECTED BY DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION WITH CALCIUM, SODIUM
The study aimed to investigate growth performance, blood components and slaughter traits of NZW male growing (broiler) rabbits (78 animals) as affected by dietary supplementation with calcium, sodium or potassium during 3 months in each of summer and winter, in Egypt. Effects of seasons of the year on the same traits, were also studied. Live body weight, daily body gain weight, serum total protein, albumin, globulin (blood components), urea-N, creatinine (kidney function), AST (Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase) and ALT (Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase) (liver function), pre-slaughter weight and adjusted weights of carcass, fore-part, hind-part and head of New Zealand White (NZW ) male rabbits were significantly (P<0.001, 0.01 or 0.05) lower in summer than in winter due to the effect of heat stress. Minerals supplementation affected significantly (P<0.001, 0.01 or 0.05) male rabbit in final live body weight, daily gain weight, serum total protein and albumin and adjusted weights of carcass and head. Supplementation (per kg diet) with each of 100 mg calcium oxide, 150 mg sodium chloride or 300 mg potassium bicarbonate exceeded significantly (P<0.05) the control diet, at the end of the experimental period. The increase values were 21.3, 9.0 and 7.2%, respectively. Interaction between season and minerals supplementation effects were significant ((P>0.001, 0.01 or 0.05) on final live body weight, daily body gain weight, serum total protein and albumin, pre-slaughter weight and adjusted weights of liver, carcass intermediate and hind parts and head of NZW male rabbit. The magnitude of improvement was the highest with potassium bicarbonate (300 mg/kg diet) followed by calcium oxide (100 mg/kg diet), in winter. In summer, the highest improvement obtained was with sodium chloride (150 mg/kg diet) supplementation. At the same time, the interaction effects of the other mineral supplements on the studied traits were negative in the two seasons Pre-slaughter weight significantly affected (P>0.001 or 0.01) adjusted weights of carcass, liver, fore part, intermediate part, hind part and head.
Nutrition, 2004
We sought to improve the nutritive utilization of Lens culinaris M. variety vulgaris cultivar Magda-20 in growing rats by autoclaving the lentil seeds at 120°C for 30 min at an internal pressure of 1 atm and by supplementing the rats with a vitamin-mineral premix. METHODS: Nutritional assessment was based on chemical analysis of total phosphorus, free phosphorus, phytate, magnesium, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber contents of the lentils and the digestive and metabolic use of phosphorus and magnesium by the growing rats. RESULTS: The net absorption of phosphorus was greater than the amount of non-phytate phosphorus ingested by the animals fed diets of raw and autoclaved lentil flours. Vitamin-mineral supplementation of raw and autoclaved lentil flour resulted in a significant increase in dietary intake and net absorption of phosphorus and magnesium. For all of the experimental diets tested, there was a direct correlation between phosphorus or magnesium balance and weight gain (r ϭ 0.91 and 0.80, respectively) and between phosphorus or magnesium balance and nitrogen balance (r ϭ 0.91 and 0.87, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Part of the phytate-phosphorus from raw and autoclaved lentil flour was available during digestion, and hardly any phytate was detected in the feces. Supplementation of raw lentil flour with a vitamin-mineral premix was the most effective treatment for increasing daily food intake, body weight gain, and nutritive use of phosphorus and magnesium. Nutrition 2004;20:794 -799. ©Elsevier Inc. 2004
The effect of high or low dietary calcium on bone and calcium homeostasis in young male rats
Calcified Tissue International, 1993
Young male rats (100 g body weight) were fed diets containing varying amounts of calcium. Body weight and bone development were studied together with various endocrine parameters, including blood levels of Ca2+, calcitonin, parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, and gastrin, and the enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell-related parameters gastric mucosal histidine decarboxylase activity and histamine concentration. A diet containing 0.5% calcium resulted in ontimum body weight gain and bone development. A lower calcium intake impaired body weight gain and bone development. The impairment was manifested in reduced bone calcium content whereas the size of the bones was unaffected. The net absorption of calcium seemed to be proportional to the calcium intake. A low calcium diet (0.03%) raised the circulating levels of 1,25(OH)2D and parathyroid hormone and lowered 25(OH)D3 and Ca2+, whereas a high calcium diet (5.46%) raised calcitonin, Ca2+, 25(OH)D3, and 1,25(OH)2D. In addition, the low calcium diet lowered the circulating gastrin concentation and the histidine decarboxylase activity and histamine content of the ECL cells in the gastric mucosa. A high calcium diet raised the circulating gastrin concentration, but the rise was not associated with an increase in the histidine decarboxylase activity and histamine content.