The potentials of white-rot fungi to decolorizing azo dyes and organic components of textile effluents (original) (raw)
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Bioremediation of textile dye using white rot fungi: A Review
Industrial development worldwide has led to an increase in the amount of wastewater production leading to a considerable decrease in levels and quality of the natural water in the ecosystem. Textile dyes are an important class of pollutants in natural water ecosystem. Textile dyes are molecules designed to impart a permanent colour to textile fabrics. Effluent from textile dyeing units contain large amount of dyes and create an environmental problem, which increase toxicity and decrease the aesthetic value of rivers and lakes. A variety of physio-chemical methods are in use worldwide. However, there is an increasing concern as to their impact in effectively treating textile effluents as they introduce secondary pollutants during the 'remediation' process which are quite costly to run and maintain. Research on biological treatment has offered simple and cost effective ways of bioremediation textile effluents. This review summarizes the efficiency of white rot fungi and their enzymes for the treatment and removal of textile dye containing effluents. The advantages and disadvantages of the various methods are discussed and their efficacies are compared.
Decolorization of synthetic and real textile wastewater by the use of white-rot fungi
Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 2006
Batch and continuous reactors inoculated with white-rot fungi were operated in order to study decolorization of textile dyes. Synthetic wastewater containing either Reactive Blue 4 (a blue anthraquinone dye) or Reactive Red 2 (a red azo dye) was used during the first part of the study while real wastewater from a textile industry in Tanzania was used in the later part. Trametes versicolor was shown to decolorize both Reactive Blue 4 and Reactive Red 2 if glucose was added as a carbon source. Reactive Blue 4 was also decolorized when the fungus was allowed to grow on birch wood discs in a continuous biological rotating contactor reactor. The absorbance at 595 nm, the wavelength at which the dye absorbs at a maximum, decreased by 70% during treatment. The initial dye concentration in the medium was 200 mg/l and the hydraulic retention time in the reactor 3 days. No glucose was added in this experiment. Changes of the absorbance in the UV range indicated that the aromatic structures of the dyes were altered. Real textile wastewater was decolorized by Pleurotus flabellatus growing on luffa sponge packed in a continuous reactor. The reactor was operated at a hydraulic retention time of 25 h. The absorbance at 584 nm, the wavelength at which the wastewater absorbed the most, decreased from 0.3 in the inlet to approximately 0.1 in the effluent from the reactor.
Studies on the Biodegradation of Azo Dyes by White Rot Fungi Phlebia Radiata
Dye degradations by white rot fungi have been studied in the presence of an easily metabolizable external carbon source that is unlikely to be present in waste water. For wastewater treatment, it is important to study the potential of white rot fungi to decolorize the azo dyes in the absence of external carbon source. The potential of D. flavida to decolorize the azo dyes in the absence of external carbon source has been studied. Decolorization of Amaranth, Metanil yellow, Trypan blue and Chlorazole black was studied with D. flavida. Decolorization was studied in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flasks at 36°C, stationary, 50 ml N-limited medium with dye 50 mg/l in the absence and presence of glucose. Decolorization and enzyme activity were measured. It was observed that decolorization for Amaranth was 99% after five days, Metanil yellow 82.5% after 10 days, Trypan blue 99% and Chlorazole black E 72% after 10 days of treatment both in the absence and presence of glucose. UV-VIS spectra of dyes before and after the treatment of dyes with D. flavida showed a decrease in the absorbance at their maximum absorption wavelength in visible region and a shift towards shorter wavelength indicating the degradation of dyes. It showed that D. flavida could be used for the treatment of azo dyes in waste water without an external carbon source for reduction of cost.
Azo Dyes Decolorization Using White Rot Fungi
Research and Reviews: Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2019
Waste water from different industries is one of the major environmental concerns in present scenario. Textile industry uses many kinds of synthetic dyes as Azo, anthraquinne, polycyclic compounds and triphenylmethane and among them Azo dyes is most commonly preferable. Azo dyes cause serious environmental issue because these dyes are obstinate to biodegradation. Textile industries discharge large amounts of dyes about 10-200 mg/L and 10-20% of the dye along with organic and inorganic accessory chemicals because the uptake of these dyes by fabrics is very poor. Industrial effluents containing about 5-10% of dyestuffs, which is usually discharge into water bodies. This highly colored textile wastewater severely affects photosynthesis in plant. It also has an impact on aquatic life due to low light penetration and oxygen consumption. So, this textile wastewater must be treated before their discharge. Physical or chemical methods are costly, energy consuming, low efficient to environmen...
Decolorization of Some Reactive Textile Dyes by White Rot Fungi Isolated in Pakistan
World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology, 2006
Four white-rot fungi isolated in Pakistan were used for decolorization of widely used reactive textile dyestuffs. Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Coriolus versicolor, Ganoderma lucidum and Pleurotus ostreatus were grown in defined nutrient media for decolorization of Drimarene Orange K-GL, Remazol Brilliant Yellow 3GL, Procion BluePX-5R and Cibacron Blue P-3RGR for 10 days in shake flasks. Samples were removed every day, centrifuged and the absorbances of the supernatants were read to determine percentage decolorization. It was observed that P. chrysosporium and C. versicolor could effectively decolorize Remazol Brilliant Yellow 3GL, Procion BluePX-5R and Cibacron Blue P-3RGR. Drimarene Orange K-GL was completely decolorized (0.2 g/l after 8 days) only by P.chrysosporium, followed by P. ostreatus (0.17 g/l after 10 days). P. ostreatus also showed good decolorization efficiencies (0.19–0.2 g/l) on all dyes except Remazol Brilliant Yellow (0.07 g/l after 10 days). G. lucidum did not decolorize any of the dyestuffs to an appreciable extent except Remazol Brilliant Yellow (0.2 g/l after 8 days).
Biodecolourisation of some industrial dyes by white-rot fungi
Abstract Eight white-rot fungal strains were screened for biodecolourisation of eight dyes commercially employed in various industries. Decolourisation of Poly R 478 was used as a standard to ascertain the dye-decolourisation potential of various fungi. All the fungi tested significantly decolourised Poly R 478 on solid agar medium. When tested in a nitrogen-limited broth medium, Dichomitus squalens, Irpex flavus, Phlebia spp. and Polyporus sanguineus were better industrial dye decolourisers than Phanerochaete chrysosporium
Evaluation of some white-rot fungi for their potential to decolourise industrial dyes
The ligninolytic white-rot fungi, well known for their capability of breaking diverse phenolic components of lignin and lignin derivatives, have been employed for biodecolourisation of intensely coloured effluents and conventional dyes, but the studies are concentrated on Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Trametes versicolor. Present study elucidates the role of some lesser studied white-rot fungi in biodecolourisation of industrial dyes. Dichomitus squalens, Daedalea flavida, Irpex flavus and Polyporus sanguineus were tested for their potential to decolourise various chromophoric groups of eight dyes, employed in different industries. The fungal-based biocleaning systems have been suffering from drawback of adsorption, thus, in order to overcome this limitation, the cell free enzyme extracts obtained from fungal cultures have been used. D. squalens and I. flavus were found to be competitive industrial dye decolourisers in comparison to much studied white-rot fungus P. chrysosporium
Biotreatment of coloured textile effluents by Phanerochaete chrysosporium
Industrial effluents containing dyes pose a threat to human health as they are released into the environment without processing. In the current paper the potential of Phanerochaete chrysosporium, a white rot fungus, is investigated for its biological treatment of textile effluents containing three types dyes –Tri phenyl methane, Malachite Green & Reactive Blue. The decrease in optical density values corresponded with decolourization. The effect of pH, temperature, concentrations of cation and anion revealed that the dye decolorization was maximum at pH 6, 28 oC and 0.02 g/Kg concentrations of magnesium sulphate and potassium nitrate.
2381-4438, 2019
Background: Dyes in textile effluent can pose many health challenges to humans and interfere with the aesthetic value of the environment. Fungi can be very effective in remediation of colour pollution. Objective: In this study, abilities of some fungi in the decolourization of textile dye effluent were examined. Methods: Fungi were isolated from textile effluent and screened for azo dyes decolourization using solid media assay. The fungi were identified and subjected to acclimatization using graded dye concentration. Decolourization study was also tested using varied levels culture conditions. Results: The textile effluent harboured a high number (6.068 × 10 3 cfu/ml) of fungi with Aspergillus niger having the higest occurrence (70.00%). Widest zone of decolourization (19.00 ± 0.00mm) was shown by Rhizopus spp. where as Aspergillus fumigatus recorded peak decolourization (18.8%) within 48hrs. No significant correlation (r =-0.2673, P = 0.1534) was found between time and decolourization percentage. All fungal species showed maximum decolourization at pH (3); probaly because of the pH dependent net charges on the dye molecules. Discussion: A significant correlation (r =-0.8994, p < 0.0001) between pH and percentage decolourization. Maximum decolourization (58.4%) of all the dyes occurred at 30°C. This could be because temperature is essential for fungal growth and enzyme activity. All species achieved maximum decolourization at 1%-3% sodium chloride concentrations with A. niger recording as high as 19.1% decolourization. Supplementation with Carbon and Nitrogen resulted in higher decolourization (55.66%) and (26.01%) within 48hours and 24hours respectively. Conclusion: Fungal species demonstrated varied levels of decolourization; their capability to tolerate and decolorize high concentration of dyes makes them advantageous for treatment of textile effluent at larger scale.