Bioremediation of textile dye using white rot fungi: A Review (original) (raw)
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Studies On the Role of Fungal Strains in Bioremediation of Dyes Isolated from Textile Effluents
Society of Economic Geologists and Mineral Technologists (SEGMITE), 2021
Fungal strains are widely used for the cleaning of soil, sediments, groundwater, surface water, and the ecosystem. The presence of extracellular enzymes in fungi facilitates the process of bioremediation of textile dyes. This study was conducted to observe the quality of water being released from textile dyes industries and also the capability of some fungal strains which can remediate these dyes by showing the tendency of their resistance. Samples of water were collected from the polluted area surrounding the textile dyeing industries in Lahore. In the process of isolation, Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium was used to verify the fungal growth. Fungal strains were purified, and the morphological characterization of fungal strains was carried out at 10X and 100X by using a magnification microscope. The fungal strains, such as Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, and Aspergillus flavus were identified. The stress of four types of dyes was given to each fungal strain. The results showed that Aspergillus oryzae was one of the most stable, non-toxic, and resistant fungal species against the high stress of dyes as compared to other species
Synthetic dyes released by various textile industries are a source of concern to environmental safety. Existing physicochemical methods of dye removal from effluents suffer setbacks like high operational cost, low efficiency and large amount of sludge generation. Over the last two decades considerable work has been done with the goal of using microorganisms as remediation agents in the treatment of dyes containing wastewaters. Microorganisms are capable of removing dyes due to their high metabolic potentials and one of the best organisms that is known to display these wonderful features are the white-rot fungi. In this present study we demonstrate successfully using white-rot fungi (Phanerochaete chrysosporium) for this purpose and the role of each culture in the decolorization process was elucidated. The effect of temperature, pH, concentration, mean weight (g) and optical density were studied after every 48hrs in 12 days period. The enhancement of the degradation was effected by UV-radiation. The adsorption capacity of textile waste effluent and reactive dyes i.e. Congo red and Direct blue 80 was determined spectrophotometrically by monitoring absorbance of different dyes at constant wavelengths (λmax). The shift in the absorption maxima in decolorizing samples indicated the ability of the fungus to degrade dyes and this can be exploited for bioremediation of dyes and their derivatives containing wastes.
BIODEGRADATION OF TOXIC DYES AND TEXTILE DYE EFFLUENT –A REVIEW
Environmental pollution due to urbanization and rapid growth of industries has a detrimental effect on human health and ecology. Textile dyes constitute a major source of waste water pollution. Dye is an integral part which is used to impart color to materials having the Chromophore and the Auxochrome group. The waste generated during the process and operation of the dyes, contains the inorganic and organic contaminant leading hazardous ecosystem and biodiversity. The physico-chemical treatment may only decolorize the waste but it increases its toxicity but by adopting biological living systems there is abadetement in its toxicity.. The decolorization of the dye takes place either by adsorption on the microbial biomass or and enzymatic degradation. Bioremediation takes place by anaerobic and/or aerobic process. In the present review the decolorization and degradation of dyes by fungi have been reviewed. The factors affecting decolorization and biodegradation of dye compounds such as pH, temperature, dye concentration, effects of carbon dioxide and nitrogen, agitation, effect of dye structure, electron donor ,immobilization of enzymes and use of Bioreactors involved in microbial decolorization of dyes have been also high lightened in the review. Colored industrial effluents have become a vital source of water pollution and because water is the most important natural source; its treatment is a responsibility. Usually colored wastewater is treated by physical and chemical processes but by this tactics, only colored is removed and it causes increase in its toxicity. The synthetic dyes are frequently used in several recent technologies and industrial sectors (Acemioglu and al., 2010; Bhole and al., 2004). Due to the persistent nature and recalcitrant dyes, the large quantities of discharge cause the contamination of water and pollution in the environment (Crini, 2006). The effects of dyes on human health can range from gastrointestinal irritation to the cancer, mutagenic effects, and skin irritation and even to fertility (Santhi and al., 2009). Usually colored wastewater is treated by physico-chemical processes (Ho and McKay, 1998). But these treatments have limitations like the formation of toxic by-products and intensive energy requirements (Padmesh and al., 2005; Aksu, 2005) and are ineffective in removing dyes, are expensive and not adaptable to a wide range of colored water (Banat and al., 1996; Fu and al., 2001). Color removal, especially from textile effluents, has gargantuan challenge over the last decades, and up to now there is no single and cost-effectively attractive treatment that can effectively decolorize as well as treat the dyes effluents. Dyes and pigments are widely used, mostly in the textile, paper, plastics, leathers, food and cosmetics industry to color products. Textile industry consumes large volume of water and produce large amount of wastewater during all phases of textile production and finishing. The release of colored effluents represents a serious green pollution and a human health concern particularly in developing countries. A number of biotechnological approaches have been suggested by recent research as of potential interest towards combating this pollution source in an eco-efficient manner, including the use of bacteria or fungi, often in combination with physicochemical processes. Further antimicrobial activities of the first stage textile dye effluent were also carried out (Pandya et. al, 2011). A wide variety of microorganisms are capable of decolorization of a wide range of dyes some of them are as bacteria Biotreatment depicts a cheaper and environmentally friendlier alternative for colour removal in textile effluents. The ecofriendly microbial decolorization and detoxification is a alternative to the physical and chemical methods. The kinetics of decolorization and the environmental factors affecting the decolorization rates is relatively scarce. The decolorization can be realized biologically by three different processes: biosorption, biodegradation and bioaccumulation. The biosorption is
Screening of Fungi for the Degradation of Textile Dyes from Industrial Effluents
Journal of Biological & Scientific Opinion, 2013
The objective of the study was to investigate the potential dye degrading fungal species from textile mill effluents in a cost effective and eco friendly manner. Decolorizing isolates of Zygomycotina, Deuteromycotina and Ascomycetes were isolated from dye industry effluents. Decolorization assay was carried out on both solid and liquid assay medium along with laccase activity. Among all the fungi, Aspergillus was a dominant species recorded among the effluents. All the fungal isolates were tested for decolorizing activity against methylene blue, crystal violet, sudan black, malachite green and methyl red. On solid and liquid medium, Aspergillus terreus, A. niger, and Fusarium moniliforme were found to decolorize maximum number of dyes and registered maximum percentage of color reduction. Laccase assay was done using Lignin modifying enzyme basal medium with Hydroxybenzotriazole, and among the isolates, F. moniliforme and A. terreus were found to produce the laccase enzyme. Among the 13 species of fungal isolates, the maximum degradation activity was shown by A. terreus (86.33 %), followed by A. niger (84.20) and F. moniliforme (80.00 %) seems to be potential candidates to degrade commonly used dyes. So these strains can be used for treating the dye containing effluents as well as in bio remediating degraded aquatic and land polluted by these effluents. So, commercial development and application of this fungus for textile wastewater treatment will be an advantage to dye removal process.
A Sustainable Approach in Bioremediation of Textile Dye Effluent by Microbial Consortia
International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET), 2022
The humongous load on the environment due to the expulsion of textile dye wastewater has always been a major issue. Significantly, the dye is present in the wastewater due to its complex chemical structure, making it a recalcitrant pollutant. Therefore, becoming highly noxious to flora and fauna of the aquatic ecosystems and crop plants. Due to the low biodegradability, dyes are carcinogenic and mutagenic to plants and human beings. Various physicochemical strategies to treat textile effluent have been used, but because of several drawbacks, they are not implemented by most industries. Microbial decolorization is more eco-compatible and economical as it does not produce any intermediate by-products. Also, it can mineralize the dyes completely and efficiently. Microbes like bacteria, fungi, and algae possess enzymes capable of degrading dyes. These organisms are now in trend with the utilization of mixed culture in comparison to the use of individual strain. Bioremediation of pollutants reduces the toxicity from the soil and water source so that water used for irrigation will no longer be harmful to the plants and eventually to us.
Decolorization of synthetic and real textile wastewater by the use of white-rot fungi
Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 2006
Batch and continuous reactors inoculated with white-rot fungi were operated in order to study decolorization of textile dyes. Synthetic wastewater containing either Reactive Blue 4 (a blue anthraquinone dye) or Reactive Red 2 (a red azo dye) was used during the first part of the study while real wastewater from a textile industry in Tanzania was used in the later part. Trametes versicolor was shown to decolorize both Reactive Blue 4 and Reactive Red 2 if glucose was added as a carbon source. Reactive Blue 4 was also decolorized when the fungus was allowed to grow on birch wood discs in a continuous biological rotating contactor reactor. The absorbance at 595 nm, the wavelength at which the dye absorbs at a maximum, decreased by 70% during treatment. The initial dye concentration in the medium was 200 mg/l and the hydraulic retention time in the reactor 3 days. No glucose was added in this experiment. Changes of the absorbance in the UV range indicated that the aromatic structures of the dyes were altered. Real textile wastewater was decolorized by Pleurotus flabellatus growing on luffa sponge packed in a continuous reactor. The reactor was operated at a hydraulic retention time of 25 h. The absorbance at 584 nm, the wavelength at which the wastewater absorbed the most, decreased from 0.3 in the inlet to approximately 0.1 in the effluent from the reactor.
Bioremediation and Detoxification Technology for Treatment of Dye(s) from Textile Effluent
Textile Wastewater Treatment, 2016
The aim of this chapter is to demonstrate the technical and economic feasibility of an integrated process for microbial treatment of dye(s) containing wastewater from textile effluent that evaluates the efficiency and effectiveness to meet the dye(s)' maximum contaminant level. This chapter covers the whole process of microbial treatment methods that are adopted for dye removal to make an eco-friendly system. The purpose of this treatment technology includes process modifications and engineering approaches. It comprises existing technologies with new advancement technology at all stages of the process. This chapter evaluates the reliability of technologies for small and large systems to make the system cost-effective. It also demonstrates how genetically engineered microorganism works and shows that the "microbial treatment platform for dye removal" can operate with positive economical balance to economize the bioprocess technology. Thus, future prospects of microbial treatment technology should be directed not only how to economically improve bioremediation but also how to effectively commercialize such economically sounded "bio-based" treatment methods in different industries.
2013
Dyes from industrial effluents have created havoc in environment and has caused water pollution. The dye wastewater is poisonous and toxic to the flora and fauna in water bodies and should be treated by physical, chemical or biological techniques. There are constructed dye wastewater treatment plants where dye wastewater is subjected to primary, secondary and tertiary treatments. The physic-chemical modes of treatment are of high cost and the chemical methods may lead to the formation of large amount of sludge. Thus biological treatment utilizing fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes, algae etc are ecofriendly and have bioconcern. The present investigation proves that biological treatment using fungi is better than any mode of decolorization.
Decolourisation and detoxification of textile effluents by fungal biosorption
Water Research, 2008
Textile industry wastewaters a b s t r a c t Textile effluents, in addition to high COD, display several problems mainly due to toxicity and recalcitrance of dyestuffs. Innovative technologies effective in removing dyes from large volumes of effluents at low cost and in a timely fashion are needed. Fungi are among the most promising organisms for dye biosorption. In this study dye decolourisation, COD and toxicity decrease of three wastewater models after the treatment with inactivated biomasses of three Mucorales fungi cultured on two different media were evaluated. Fungal biomasses displayed good sorption capabilities giving rise to decolourisation percentages up to 94% and decrease in COD up to 58%. The Lemna minor toxicity test showed a significant reduction of toxicity after biosorption treatments, indicating that decolourisation corresponds to an actual detoxification of the treated wastewaters.