Protection of maize ( Zea mays ) and soybeans ( Glycine max ) using Aframomum danielli (original) (raw)
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AJWA DATES AS A PROTECTIVE AGENT AGAINST LIVER TOXICITY IN RAT of Saudi Arabia Corresponding Author
Background: Liver toxicity is a worldwide clinical problem caused by a variety of causes. It mostly ends by hepatic fibrosis and or cirrhosis. Materials and methods: Ajwa date extract was prepared from Almadinah AlNawiah ajwa and was given to the animals by gastric gavage at a dose of 1gm/kg/day. CCl4 was dissolved oil at 1: 1 percent and was injected intraperitonealy at a dose of 1.2 ml/ kg of body weight 3 times a week. Fourty adult male rats were divided into five groups. G1-control group. G2 received CCL4 for 4 weeks. G3 received CCL4 for 12 weeks. G4 received CCL4 and ADE for 4 weeks. G5 received CCL4 and ADE for 12 weeks. Animals were sacrificed and blood samples were collected for SGPT, SGOT and albumin measurements. Liver samples were stained and subjected to image analysis to assess the area percentage of fibrosis. Results: Biochemical analysis showed that ADE treated groups showed a significant lower level of SGPT and SGOT compared to CCL4 treated groups. Light microscopic examination showed that the ADE treated groups showed a decrease in the histological alterations induced by CCL4. The area occupied by collagen fibers was significantly decreased in ADE treated groups. These effects may be due to the rich vitamins and antioxidants in the extract. Conclusion: This study highlights the interest to change toward the use of natural medicinal plants with antioxidant activity for protection against diseases. This may provide a scientific base for the conventional use of ADE as a nutritional protocol of management.
In: Beal J. L., Reinhard E eds. Natural Products as Medicinal Asgents. Stuttgart: Hippkrates-Verlag
Sankari, M. N. (1978). Environments, plants and ranges of the Syrian 32. arid and very arid areas (protection and development) 7th part, chapter 3: 683-694. University of Aleppo, Syria. Trevino, M. (2009) Dozens of horses poisoned at California 33. farm. CNN: Crime. 3 Vailati, A. ; Aristia, L. ; Sozze, E. (1993). Randomized open study of the 34. dose-affect relationship of a short course of IdB 1016 in patients with viral or alcoholic hepatitis. Fitoterapia; 64: 219-27 Wagner, H. (1981) Plant constituents with antihepatotoxic activity.
M.Sc. Dissertation, 2018
Daucus carota (L.) commonly known as carrot belongs to the family of Apiaceae. The aerial part is used as component of livestock feed in some part of Northern Nigeria without any scientific evidence of safety. The present study was carried out to establish its pharmacognostic, nutritional potentials and safety to justify the use of D. carota aerial part. The pharmacognostic parameters, nutritional, acute and subchronic toxicity were determined by standard methods. The gross alpha, beta activities and the naturally occurring radioactive materials were carried out using spectrometry procedures. The results of the microscopy revealed wavy epidermal cells and several diacytic stomata on the lower and upper surfaces. The chemo-microscopy revealed presence of starch, tannins, lignins, cellulose, starch grains, aleurones grains, mucilage, suberin and cutins. The quantitative leaf microscopy of the lower epidermal layer showed stomatal number (14.80±0.97), stomatal index (31.22±3.09%) and palisade ratio (6.20±0.37). The upper epidermal layer revealed stomatal number (10.60±0.87), stomatal index (32.55±1.25%), vein islet number (12.80±1.98) and veinlet termination (31.80±2.33). The physicochemical evaluation revealed moisture content (5.56%), alcohol extractive value (15.60%), water extractive value (21.80%), total ash (11.60%), acid insoluble ash (1.00%) and water soluble ash (5.67%). The proximate analysis revealed crude protein (14.59%), lipid (10.37%), crude fibre (9.07%) and carbohydrate (51.81%). The acute oral toxicity of the extracts on the wistar rats showed no sign of toxicity and mortality at 5000 mg/kg. The effect of n-hexane and methanol extracts on body weight of the wistar rats showed significant decreased (p≤0.05) at week 2. The ethyl acetate extract showed no significance (p≥0.05) difference. The hematological effects of the extracts showed significant (p≤0.05) decreased in red blood cell in all the treated doses. The hexane and ethyl acetate extract showed that MCV and MCH were also significant (p≤0.05). The D.carota aerial part extracts showed significant decreased (p≤0.05) on ALP (IU/L) while the ALT (IU/L), AST (IU/L), TP (IU/L) and ALB (G/DL) had no significant differences (p≥0.05). The effects of oral administration of n-hexane extract on bicarbonate showed statistically significant at the treated groups and sodium was also significant at 1500mg/kg (p≤0.05). The ethyl acetate extract was not significant (p≥0.05) the kidney function parameters. The methanol extract showed that sodium and bicarbonate was significant (p≤0.05) at 500 mg/kg and 1500 mg/kg. The histopathological effects of the extracts showed moderate and slight tubular necrosis in the kidney at 500 mg/kg, while the liver had slight hepatic necrosis with moderate lymphocyte hyperplasia. The dose group at 1000 mg/kg and 1500 mg/kg showed moderate lymphocyte hyperplasia in the kidney and the liver revealed vascular congestion with kupfer cell hyperplasia. The effects of the extracts on the stomach revealed normal epithelium cells with slight necrosis when compared with the control group. The gross alpha (6.36±0.25Bq/g) and beta activity (2.37±0.32Bq/g) concentration were above the acceptable limits. The naturally occurring radioactive materials level were 40K (389.52±134.52Bq/kg), 226Ra (29.13±10.66Bq/kg) and 232Th (84.85±64.85Bq/kg). The findings from the study suggested that D. carota aerial part are not safe for man and livestock and that consumption of the aerial part is capable of causing liver, kidney tissue injury and other possible toxic related diseases.
2008
Several plant foods grown in Ethiopia contain significant amounts of biologically active compounds, which have both detrimental and beneficial effects on health. Such compounds as phytic acid, phytohaemagglutinins, tannins, saponins, enzyme inhibitors and α-galactosides provide health benefits. Benefits include reduced risks of heart and renal diseases, lower glycemic index for persons with diabetes, reduced risks of cancer and increased bifidobacteria population in the colon. On the other hand, other biologically active compounds impair health by destroying nutrients or reducing the uptake of essential elements through different mechanisms and giving astringent taste, odor, flavor, which can cause adverse physiological responses. Harmful compounds interfere with normal growth, reproduction, or health and reduce protein and carbohydrate utilization. The health benefits of selected substances from Ethiopian food crops need to be studied. Active compounds need to be isolated, identifi...
Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Qualitative, quantitative and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis are useful for the determination of bioactive components necessary for accessing the antiplasmodial potentials of methanolic and ethanolic leaf extracts of Daniella oliveri (D. oliveri). The aim of the study was to screen D. oliveri for the detection of phytochemical components and determination of bioactive compounds using qualitative, quantitative and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) analytical techniques. The leaves were collected in Anyigba, from which methanolic and ethanolic extracts were prepared, phytochemical components detected and bioactive compounds determined using GC-MS. Results showed the presence of alkaloid, tannin, reducing sugar, saponin, terpenoid, phenol, cardiac glycosides and flavonoid in the extracts. Phenol showed the highest concentration (46.14 and 43.09 mg/100g) while terpenoid showed the lowest concentration (10.63 and 9.97 mg/100g) in methanolic and ethanolic...