Antitrypanosomal Activity of Senna Villosa in Infected Balb/C Mice with Trypanosoma Cruzi During the Sub Acute Phase of Infection (original) (raw)
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African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 2011
Antitrypanosomal activity of chloroform extract of Senna villosa leaves was evaluated in the sub acute phase of mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. Oral doses of 3.3, 6.6 and 13.2 µg/g were tested during 15 days on infected mice BALB/c, beginning treatment 40 days after infection to evaluate specifically the antitrypanosomal activity over the amastigote form of the parasite. Two different amount of parasites (100 and 500) were inoculated to 25 mice for each doses tested. At the end of the assay the animals were sacrificed and cardiac and skeletal tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) for identification and quantification of amastigote nest. In mice infected with 100 parasites, a significant reduction in the number of amastigote nest was observed in cardiac tissue of treated animals at all doses evaluated (p<0.05). An important reduction of amastigote nest was also observed in treated animals and infected with 500 parasites in comparison with no treated mice or treated with allopurinol. Résumé Activité antitrypanosomal de chloroforme extrait de feuilles Senna villosa a été évaluée dans la sous phase aiguë de souris infectées par Trypanosoma cruzi. Des doses orales de 3,3, 6,6 et 13,2 µg / g ont été testés pendant 15 jours sur des souris infectées BALB /c, le début du traitement 40 jours après l'infection d'évaluer précisément l'activité antitrypanosomal sur la forme amastigote du parasite. Deux montant différent de parasites (100 et 500) ont été inoculés à 25 souris pour chaque doses testées. À la fin de l'essai les animaux ont été sacrifiés et des coupes de tissus cardiaques et squelettiques ont été colorées à l'hématoxylineéosine (HE) pour l'identification et la quantification du nid amastigote. Chez les souris infectées avec 100 parasites, une réduction significative du nombre de nids amastigote a été observée dans le tissu cardiaque des animaux traités à toutes les doses évaluées (p <0,05). Une réduction importante du nid amastigote a également été observée chez les animaux traités et infectés avec 500 parasites par rapport à pas de souris traitées ou traitées avec l'allopurinol.
African Journal of …, 2011
The antiprotozoal activity in vivo against Trypanosoma cruzi of (8-hydroxymethylen)-trieicosanyl acetate was evaluated in BALB/c mice during the acute phase of Chagas' disease (15 days after infection). Animals were treated during 15 days at doses of 16.8 and 33.6 µg/g, reduced parasitemia of 77.6 and 64.1% was observed respectively, in comparison with positive control mice (allopurinol 8.5 µg/g) which reduced only 29.7%. Also, amastigote nests in cardiac tissue were significant reduced in treated mice groups. The regression of effect induced after the suppression of the treatment with the compound was evaluated; animals were infected and simultaneously began the treatment with the compound during 20 days (16.8 and 33.6 µg/g). Mice were monitored after the end of the treatment for one more week. A good antitrypanosomal response was observed (66.1 and 68.9% less than untreated mice) during treatment, but 8 days after suspension of treatment, parasitemia level increased, reducing only 58.6 and 56.29 % respectively in treated animals compared with no treated.
Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research
brucei, T. vivax, T. evansi, and T. congolense which cause African Animals Trypanosomosis, while human African Trypanosomosis is mainly caused by the remaining sub species of the brucei group, namely, T. brucei gambiense and T. brucei rhodenseinse which causes West African and East African Sleeping Sickness [1,2]. It is estimated in Africa that large hectares of land approximately 7 million square ABSTRACT Objective: An in vivo study was carried out to evaluate the possible anti-trypanosomal activity of Leptadenia hastata crude root extract with also its associated hematological changes particularly the packed cell volume (PCV) in experimental Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection using Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty Wistar rats comprising of both males and females were categorized into six separate groups starting from A to F. Wistar placed in Group A and Group B were inoculated with T. brucei brucei and administered crude root extract of L. hastata at 100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively, as the treatment. Group C was infected with the parasite but untreated, while Group D was not infected with the parasite and was not treated. The remaining Groups E and F were inoculated with the parasite using diminazene diaceturate at 3.5 and 7.0 mg/kg, respectively. The extract was administered enterally when parasitemia was detected. Standard laboratory techniques were employed to determine parasitemia and PCV after collection of blood samples every 2 days via the tail vein. Results: Infected Groups (A, B, C, E, and F) showed a pre-patent period 2 days post infection (P.I) with mean parasitic counts of 3.93 ± 2.38, 2.46 ± 2.20, 0.67 ± 0.77, 4.60 ± 4.45, and 1.53 ± 1.44, respectively, which continued unabated in groups treated with the extract.The pack cell volume did not decline significantly in the in Groups A and B. Acute toxicity study revealed the absence of any clinical or behavioral changes suggesting toxicity. Conclusion: There was no effect on parasitemia of Wistar rats infected with the parasite after administration of 100 and 200 mg, respectively, using the extract as the treatment. PCV of the groups infected remained fairly constant with the control groups throughout the study with the extract being non-toxic.
Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2009
In this investigation we studied the trypanocidal activity of the ethyl esters of N-propyl (Et-NPOX) and N-isopropyl (Et-NIPOX) oxamates on bloodstream trypomastigotes and on the clinically relevant intracellular amastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi acute infected mice. In the infected and treated mice, the levels of parasitemia were drastically reduced between days 15 and 20 of treatment and almost to zero between days 35 and 40. We also found that Et-NPOX completely eliminated amastigote nests in the myocardium of mice infected with INC-5 or NINOA T. cruzi strain, and in skeletal muscle the reduction in the number of amastigote nests was between 60 and 80% in both strains. Also, Et-NIPOX reduced by 60-80% the number of amastigote nests in the myocardium and skeletal muscle of mice infected with these T. cruzi strains. In contrast, nifurtimox, used for comparison, produced a reduction of amastigote nests of only 20-40% in the studied tissues in both strains.
Invivoevaluation ofsixteen plant extracts on miceinoculated withTrypanosoma brucei gambiense
1997
After examination of the drugs used by traditional practitioners in C6te d'lvoire, nine formulas prescribed in the treatment of African human trypanosomiasis (AHT) were selected for investigation. These formulas made use of 40 plants, 16 of which were studied because of their properties, as described in the literature, and their frequent use by practitioners. The plant extracts were administered, after maceration or decoction, either orally or intraperitoneally to Swiss mice that had previously been inoculated with Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (Tbg), strain MHOM/CI/81/Dal 083. The parasitaemia in each mouse was followed for three consecutive days and compared with that in control mice, which had been given either a saline solution (SS: negative control) or well-known drugs (melarsoprol, difluoromethylornithine, and pentamidine: positive control). Our investigations led to the following conclusions. (a) None of the plant extracts revealed trypanocidal or trypanostatic activity relative to SS controls (P > 0.05). In fact, the mice that received the extracts died on the third day after inoculation, with 0% survival and an average parasitaemia of 10.8 ± 2 x 107 trypanosomes/ml. (b) The treated positive controls, relative to SS, showed 100% survival and no parasitaemia (P < 0.05). Melarsoprol appeared to be active when given orally at a dose of 3.6mg/kg body weight twice a day for 3 days. This method of testing the sensitivity of trypanosomes to plant extracts is easy and inexpensive, and could be applied to other areas of research on tropical diseases.
In vitro and In vivo Antitrypanosomal Studies of the Leaf Extract of
In vivo and in vitro studies were carried out to determine the antitrypanosomal effects of the methanol extract of Vitexsimplicifoliausing Trypanosomabruceibrucei infected mice. The antitrypanosomal effects of the leaf extract was determined using rapid "matching" method. The effect of the extract in vivo was determined based on the changes in the level of parasitaemia, packed cell volume (PCV) and weights of the mice, while the in vitro assay was determined using the IC50 value of 50 µL culture medium of the bloodstream containing 10 4 ofTrypanosomabruceirhodesiense. The leaf extract reduced the parasitaemia level, 5 days post infection. The PCV and the weight of the mice decreased upon infection with Trypanosomabruceibrucei and improved slightly on commencement of treatment. The acute toxicity of the extract was also determined using standard method. The phytochemical analysis of the leaf extract showed presence of different secondary metabolities.
Evaluation of in vivo antitrypanosomal activity of selected medicinal plant extracts
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2009
This study was based on the observation that traditional practitioners in Kenya use plant based extracts for the treatment of parasitic diseases. This necessitated the need to investigate the potential of such plants. Four plants (Kigelia africana, Artemesia annua, Bidens pilosa and Azadirachta indica) were selected for investigation against African human trypanosomiasis. The methanol, dichloromethane and aqueous extracts of these plants were administered intraperitoneally to Swiss white mice that had previously been inoculated with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense KETRI 3798. The parasitaemia, packed cell volume and body weight in each mouse was monitored for 60 days. This was done in parallel with control mice, which had been given water and ethanol (Negative control) and standard drugs; Melarsoprol and Suramin (positive control) respectively. Among the extracts tested, the dichloromethane extract prepared from the fruits of Kigelia Africana, tested at a dose of 2000 mg/kg was effective, curing 60% of the animals treated. The other extracts did not show significant anti trypanosomal activity. The treated positive controls (Melarsoprol and Suramin at dose of 3.6 and 5 mg/kg respectively), showed 100% survival and cleared parasites. These results show that K. africana has great potential as anti trypanosomiasis agent, which could be developed into an alternative drug to complement treatment of trypanosomiasis.
Veterinary World, 2020
Background and Aim: Many natural products worldwide are used for medicinal purposes. Various insect-isolated compounds were investigated in pursuit of new therapeutic agents. This study aimed to compare the effects of methanol extract of hemolymph of Sarcophaga argyrostoma larvae with diminazene aceturate on some hematological and biochemical indices of mice infected with Trypanosoma evansi. Materials and Methods: Sixteen albino mice were randomly divided into four groups, of four mice, which received different treatments: In Group 1 (G1), mice were infected intraperitoneally with 1×104 T. evansi and received no treatment (positive control), in Group 2 (G2), infected mice were treated with 0.5 mL/kg of diminazene aceturate, in Group 3 (G3), infected mice were treated with 0.5 mL/kg methanol extract of the hemolymph of S. argyrostoma larvae, and in Group 4 (G4), uninfected mice received 0.5 ml of distilled water (negative control). In G3, treatment was started 3 days before injecting the parasite, while for the other groups, a single dose of treatment was applied when the parasite appeared in the blood. Results: Mice from G3 showed low parasitemia of 29×104/mm3 4 days post-infection until the infection completely disappeared on the 5th day, which was earlier than for other groups. The results showed that the numbers of red blood corpuscles (red blood cells [RBCs]) and white blood cells (WBCs) per unit volume were significantly different (p<0.05) between the four groups. The highest RBC (9.09×103 cell/ mm3) and WBC (14.30×103 cell/ mm3) counts were recorded in G3, whereas the lowest values of 6.60 and 4.60×103cell/ mm3, respectively, were recorded for G2. In addition, there were significant differences (p<0.05) between the different groups for platelet counts per unit volume, with G3 having the most (943×103 cell/ mm3) and G2 having the least (357×103 cell/ mm3). There was a significant (p<0.05) difference in the indices of biochemical activities between the extract-treated infected groups and the standard drug-treated group. Conclusion: This study suggests that the methanol extract of the hemolymph of S. argyrostoma larva exhibits trypanocidal activity, so it may be exploited as a suitable candidate for the development of trypanocidal drugs.