Insight into hydrogels Insight into hydrogels (original) (raw)
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Hydrogels for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications
Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems, 2005
Hydrogels are crosslinked hydrophilic polymer structures that can imbibe large amounts of water or biological fl uids. Hydrogels are one of the upcoming classes of polymer-based systems that embrace numerous biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Th is review discusses various parameters of hydrogels such as surface properties, water content and swelling behavior, eff ect of nature of polymer, ionic content, and thermodynamics, all of which can infl uence the biomedical usage of hydrogels. Meanwhile, intelligent or environment-sensitive hydrogels and bioadhesive hydrogels continue to be important materials for medical applications; therefore, a part of this review is devoted to some of their important classes. Hydrogels are extensively used for various biomedical applications-tissue engineering, molecular imprinting, wound dressings materials, immunoisolation, drug delivery, etc. Th us, this review aims to throw light on immense AU: "THE NUMEROUS"? applications that hydrogels have in the biomedical arena.
As A Review on Hydrogels as Drug Delivery in the Pharmaceutical Field
Hydrogel is a network of polymer chains that are water-insoluble, sometimes found as a colloidal gel in which water is the dispersion medium. Hydrogels are crosslinked polymer networks that absorb substantial amounts of aqueous solutions. Due to their high water content, these gels resemble natural living tissue more than any other type of synthetic biomaterial. Several techniques have been reported for the synthesis of hydrogels like co polymerization/crosslinking of co-monomers using multifunctional co-monomer, which acts as crosslinking agent. Chemical initiator initiates the polymerization reaction. Some applications are used of hydrogels in human body. Some environmental variables, such as low pH and elevated temperatures, are found in the body. For this reason, either pH-sensitive and/or temperature sensitive hydrogels can be used for site-specific controlled drug delivery. Hydrogels that are responsive to specific molecules, such as glucose or antigens, can be used as biosens...
Potential Applicabilities of Hydrogels - A Literature Survey
2012
Hydrogels are cross linked polymeric network, which have the ability to hold water within the space available among the polymeric chains. The hydrogels have been used extensively in various biomedical application, viz. drug delivery, cell carriers and/or entrapment, wound management and tissue engineering. Hydrogels are swellable polymeric materials, have been widely as a carrier of drug delivery systems. These biomaterials have gained attention owing to their peculiar characteristics like swelling in aqueous medium, pH and temperature sensitivity or sensitivity towards other stimuli. Hydrogels being biocompatible material have been recognized to function as drug protectors, especially of peptide and proteins, from in vivo environment. Also these swollen polymers are helpful as targetable carriers for bioactive drugs with tissue specificity and environmental sensitive hydrogels have enormous potential for various environmental variables, such as low pH and elevated temperature, are ...
A Comprehensive Review on Hydrogels
International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research, 2016
Polymers play a vital role in pharmaceutical development. Efforts have been continuously made to search a polymer that act in a controlled& desired way. Hydrogel development has solved many such issues. Hydrogels are hydrophilic, three-dimensional networks. Which are able to imbibe large amounts of water or biological fluids & thus resembles to a large extent, a biological tissue. They are insoluble due to the presence of physical or chemical crosslinks such as entanglements& crystallites. These materials can be synthesized to respond to a number of physiological stimuli present in the body, such as PH, ionic strength, temperature. The main aim of this article is to give a concise review on introduction, preparation methods, types, & various applications of hydrogels in the pharmaceutical field. Keywords: Hydrogels, Types of hydrogels, Preparation methods, Applications.
In situ injectable gelling systems have been extensively investigated with the aim of being applied for minimally invasive drug delivery or injectable tissue engineering. This article explores the injectable in-situ gelling system for prolonged release parenteral drug delivery system and their strategies of preparation. Here, we describe in situ-forming injectable hydrogel systems, prepared usinga variety of chemical cross linkers or physical interactions, for application in drug delivery. There are many newer approaches for in situ injectable hydrogels that can be delivered in minimally invasive techniques such as injection, ocular or nasal administration while protecting drugs or cells from the hostile environment. Recently, the Michael addition reaction between thiol and vinyl groups, the click reaction between bis (yne) molecules and multi arm azides, and the Schiff base reaction have been investigated for generation of injectable hydrogels, due to the high selectivity and biocompatibility of these reactions. Non-covalent physical interactions have also been proposed as cross linking mechanisms for in situ forming injectable hydrogels. Hydrophobic interactions, ionic interactions, stereo-complex formation, complementary pair formation, and host-guest interactions drive the formation of 3D polymeric networks. In particular, supramolecular hydrogels have been developed using the host-guest chemistry of cyclodextrin (CD), which allows highly selective, simple, and biocompatible cross linking. Finally, we review the current state of the art of injectable hydrogel systems for application in drug delivery, cell therapy and tissue regeneration.
Hydrogels as potential drug delivery systems
2009
Hydrogels, the swellable polymeric materials, have been widely investigated as the carrier for drug delivery systems. These biomaterials have gained attention owing to their peculiar characteristics like swelling in aqueous medium, pH and temperature sensitivity or sensitivity towards other stimuli. Hydrogels being biocompatible materials have been recognized to function as drug protectors, especially for peptides and proteins, from in vivo environment. Also these swollen polymers are helpful as targetable carriers for bioactive drugs with tissue specificity. This article presents an overview to the advances in hydrogel based drug delivery that have become the interest of most researchers.
Injectable polymeric hydrogels for the delivery of therapeutic agents: A review
European Polymer Journal, 2015
Since drug delivery systems have become one of the most promising areas of human health related research, the applications of biomaterials such as hydrogels have been widely investigated. Possessing unique hydrophilic, biocompatible network structures and the ability to form solid-like gel states once administered, injectable hydrogels facilitate the encapsulation and release of therapeutic agents, including drugs, proteins, genes and cells, in a controllable manner. A wide and diverse range of techniques have been used to generate hydrogels, from chemical cross-linking, such as photo-polymerization, click chemistry, enzyme-catalyzed reactions, Schiff's base reactions, and thiol-based Michael reactions, to physical cross-linking induced by temperature, pH, ionic interaction, guesthost inclusion, stereo-complexation or complementary binding. This review covers the utilization of various injectable hydrogel systems for the delivery of therapeutic agents from the viewpoint of cross-linking methods.
Hydrogel as drug delivery system
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2012
Hydrogels are crosslinked polymer networks, have been widely investigated as the carrier for drug delivery systems. These biomaterials have gained attention owing to their peculiar characteristics like swelling in aqueous medium, pH and temperature sensitivity or sensitivity towards other stimuli. Due to their high water content, these gels resemble natural living tissue more than any other type of synthetic biomaterial. Several techniques have been reported for the synthesis of hydrogels like co-polymerization/crosslinking. Hydrogel can be useful in drug delivery, tissue engineering and wound healing applications. Some environmental variables, such pH and elevated temperatures, are found in the body. For this reason, either pH-sensitive and/or temperature sensitive hydrogels can be used for site-specific controlled drug delivery. Hydrogels that are responsive to specific molecules, such as glucose or antigens, can be useful as drug delivery systems.