A comparative tissue distribution study of oxytetracycline in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), and chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum) (original) (raw)
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Aquaculture, 1991
Rogstad, A., Hormazabal, V., Ellingsen, O.F. and Rasmussen, K.E., 199 1. Pharmacokinetic study of oxytetracycline in fish. I. Absorption, distribution and accumulation in rainbow trout in freshwater.
The Analysis of Oxytetracycline Residue in Tissues of Cultured Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss)
Health Scope, 2017
Background: Oxytetracycline (OTC) is commonly used in aquaculture industry and has high potency against bacterial diseases. Objectives: The present study aimed at examining the rate of oxytetracycline (OTC) antibiotic residue in the tissues of cultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Methods: Samples were taken randomly from the livers and fillets of 45 rainbow trout from 15 large aquaculture ponds in Hamadan province, West of Iran. The OTC residue was measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Data analysis was performed with SPSS (V.18) (mean and standard deviation), and Man-Whitney test was employed for statistical analysis. Results: The results revealed that OTC residue were 389 to 641 ppb in the livers and 175 to 295 ppb in the fillets, respectively. However, in 86.66% of the samples (liver and fillet) the amounts of OTC residue was found to be higher than the maximum residue limits (MRLs) in codex alimentarius commission, and 13.33% of the samples (liver and fillet) were within the standard range. Analysis of input and output data using Man-Whitney test showed significant differences in liver and fillet (P < 0.05). Conclusions: This research determined that the use of OTC must be reduced to an acceptable level in aquaculture industry. Also, antibiotic residue in rainbow trout must be controlled before their delivery to the market.
Aquaculture Research, 2017
This study was conducted to evaluate the half-time (T½) and withdrawal time (WT) of oxytetracycline (OTC) following intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of OTC (24.8-34.7 mg/kg) in three farmed salmonid species, Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mikiss) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). A detection technique in fish skin muscle through a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a diode array detector (DAD) was developed and validated. The depletion studies were carried out in controlled conditions (nine studies) and under field conditions (one study). The T½ and WT estimations from the skin muscle after the i.p. administration of OTC in salmonids appear to be longer than studies where the OTC was orally administrated. Furthermore, the OTC maximum concentration in muscle seems to be also higher in the i.p. treatment. Due to the prolonged WT following the i.p. OTC administration, cautions related to the salmon harvest time should be consider in order to prevent OTC traces in the final product. K E Y W O R D S depletion, high-performance liquid chromatography, intraperitoneal, oxytetracycline, salmonid 1 | INTRODUCTION In Chile, the main aquaculture industry is salmon farming which plays an important role in the country economy. However, the intensive salmon farming have led to growing problems with bacterial diseases (Romero, Feijo o & Navarrete, 2012). In order to control fish diseases in aquaculture, chemical substances were authorized, being the antibiotics the most frequent substance used both prophylactically
This is the first study to investigate the pharmacokinetic parameters of oxytetracycline (OTC) in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Following a single intravascular injection of OTC (40 mg/kg) in 100 g fish kept at 20 jC, the distribution half-life (t 1/2a ) and the elimination half-life (t 1/2b ) of OTC were found to be long (2 and 53 h, respectively). The drug was well distributed throughout the internal body compartments since the apparent volume of distribution of the drug at steady-state (V d(ss) ) and the apparent volume of distribution by the area method (V d(area) ) were found to be high (2.9 and 3.8 l/kg, respectively). OTC had a long mean residence time (MRT) (56 h) but a short total clearance (CL T ) (0.05 l/kg h). The slow elimination of the drug suggests a need for long withdrawal periods prior to use of dosed fish for human consumption. Although the bioavailability ( F%) of OTC following oral administration in aqueous suspension (75 mg/kg) was calculated to be low (9%), maximum OTC plasma concentration was relatively high (2.5 Ag/ml), indicating that current therapeutic regimens applied to gilthead sea bream might be effective against bacterial pathogens. D
The Analyst, 1994
Oxytetracycline is an antibacterial agent widely used in fish farming. The normal method of administration of oxytetracycline to the fish is to mix the drug into the feed. As a consequence, the concentration of the drug in feed, together with the preparation and the composition of feed, can influence the disposition of the drug itself. An experimental study was carried out to evaluate the residue depletion of oxytetracycline from muscle tissue of channel catfish (Zctalurus punctatus) fed different medicated diets. Three hundred channel catfish were randomly divided into six tanks (50 fish per tank), maintained at water temperatures of 18 "C (three tanks) and 23 "C (three tanks). The animals were fed with three diets, differing in their energy content and composition, for the duration of the experiment oxytetracycline was added to the diets at a level of 7500 mg kg-1 for 7 d. After cessation of the treatment, five fish from each tank were killed and 40. Oxytetracycline residues in muscle tissue were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The results indicate that the energy level and chemical composition of the medicated diets administered to channel catfish influence oxytetracycline disposition in fish, and that temperature is an important factor in conditioning the reported dietary effects. Therefore, formulation of specific diets to administer drugs to farmed fish could assure better bioavailability of the chemotherapeutant and shorter withdrawal times.
Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2012
Defining pharmacokinetic parameters and depletion intervals for antimicrobials used in fish represents important guidelines for future regulation by Brazilian agencies of the use of these substances in fish farming. This article presents a depletion study for oxytetracycline (OTC) in tilapias (Orechromis niloticus) farmed under tropical conditions during the winter season. High performance liquid chromatography, with fluorescence detection for the quantitation of OTC in tilapia fillets and medicated feed, was developed and validated. The depletion study with fish was carried out under monitored environmental conditions. OTC was administered in the feed for five consecutive days at daily dosages of 80 mg ⁄ kg body weight. Groups of ten fish were slaughtered at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10, 15, 20, and 25 days after medication. After the 8th day posttreatment, OTC concentrations in the tilapia fillets were below the limit of quantitation (13 ng ⁄ g) of the method. Linear regression of the mathematical model of data analysis presented a coefficient of 0.9962. The elimination half-life for OTC in tilapia fillet and the withdrawal period were 1.65 and 6 days, respectively, considering a percentile of 99% with 95% of confidence and a maximum residue limit of 100 ng ⁄ g. Even though the study was carried out in the winter under practical conditions where water temperature varied, the results obtained are similar to others from studies conducted under controlled temperature.
Oxytetracycline (OTC) uptake following bath treatment in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)
Aquaculture, 2006
The uptake and elimination profile of oxytetracycline (OTC) following a prolong bath treatment in gilthhead sea bream (Sparus aurata) were investigated in this study. The bath experiment was carried out using a OTC concentration of 50 μg/ml for 24 h at 17-18°C water temperature. Plasma and muscle fish samples were analysed at 1, 3, 6 and 24 h during and at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 d following the bath. Detectable OTC levels were revealed only at the end of bath treatment (24 h) in examined tissues of gilthead sea bream, where drug concentration was measured to be as low as 0.096 and 0.047 μg/g or ml in muscle plus skin and plasma, respectively. The findings of the present study indicate that OTC bath treatment under this dosage schedule is unlikely to confront systemic bacterial infections.