Comparison of Compositions and Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oils from Chemically Stimulated Agarwood, Wild Agarwood and Healthy Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg Trees (original) (raw)
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Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oils from Aquillaria malaccensis in Bangladesh, 2009
Agarwood oil is a highly priced type of oil due to its unique aroma. Agarwood oil is widely used in perfume, medicine and cosmetic industries due to its unique properties and high medicinal value. The oil is generally extracted from the fragrant resins that form in the heartwood of agarwood tree. These unique properties of agar oils are contributed by the presence of certain chemical compounds. The market demand for agarwood oil is very high. Agarwood oil is traded based on grade, corresponding to expensive and cheap price. Currently, the grading of agar oil depends on its physical appearance such as color, odor and essential oil components, like present of sesquiterpenes. The present research analyzed essential oils from Aquilaria malaccensis obtained from Moulvibazar, Bangladesh based on GC-MS data and antimicrobial properties. GC-MS analysis found Sesquiterpenes, alcoholics, fatty acids and other chemical groups in the exportable agar oils. Farm-1 contained 94.95%, Fram-2 contained 95.37% and Farm-3 contained 93.90% sesquiterpenes which is the most important properties for stronger odors and high quality. All the agar oils contained about 75% 5-Azulenemethanol-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydryo.alpha.alpha.3.8-tetramethyl-3,7-Cyclodecad iene-1-ethanol.alpha.alpha.4,8-tetramethyl-[s-(Z,Z)]. They also contained other sesquiterpenes like Ledene oxide-II; Aromandendrene; Bicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene,1,5-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-8-(1-methylene-2-hydroxyethyl-1)-1H-3 a,7-methanolazulene, deca hydro-1,4,9,9-tetramethyl-Diethyl Phthalate; Isoaromadendrene epoxide. Other groups like alkane ~2%, alcoholics ~1% and fatty acid were found above 2%. The essential oils from all the farms except farm-2 have shown non-significant sensibility in antimicrobial test against E. coli, S. aureus, Salmonella,Vibrio.
Research Concerning Antimicrobial Activities of Some Essential Oils Extracted from Plants
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The principal components of some essential oils extracted from plants have been found to have microbial activity. Depending on the concentration, the members of this class are known to be bactericide or bacteriostatic. Their action mechanism is unclear, but some studies suggest that the compounds penetrate the cell, where they interfere with cellular metabolism. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of 5 essential oils extracted from plants on Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus and to determinate how different amount of the used oils can influence the results of inhibition tests. These results showed that mainly all the natural extracts presented an antimicrobial effect. Thereby, some extracts were more efficient than another and the order is: Eucalyptus globulus (eucalyptus), Mentha piperita (mint), Lavandula angustifolia (lavender), Matricaria chamomilla (chamomile), Calendula offi...
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Essential oils derived from plant extracts are precious gift by nature. These essential oils are odorous and volatile in nature and have tendency to undergo evaporation when exposed to the air. Essential oils have multiple active components which make them biologically active against several microorganism and fungi such as: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, and antifungal activity against phytopathogenic strains such as Alternaria sp, Pencillium expansum, Rhizopus stolonifer, Botrytis cinereasuch. These essential oils possess potential antioxidant properties that are highly required for human health against several diseases. The evaluation and assessment of the antioxidant and antibacterial activity performance of essential oils are highly recommended, because many commonly and traditional used “tests” are inappropriate to establishment of active principle. The future research based on isolation of compounds and their mechanism will ex...
Baltic Forestry, 2020
The study aimed to establish the chemical composition of fruit essential oils of M. gale and test their activities against the selected pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii), yeasts (Candida albicans, C. parapsilosis), fungi (Aspergillus fumigatus, A. flavus) and dermatophytes (Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes). Fruit samples from natural (Western Lithuania) and anthropogenic (Eastern Lithuania) M. gale populations were studied separately. Essential oils were isolated from dried fruits by hydrodistillation and analysed by GC/FID and GC/MS methods; enantiomeric composition of α-pinene was established by chiral-phase capillary GC. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) of essential oils were determined using the broth microdilution method. Plants from the natural population with a humid marine climate accumulated significantly higher amounts of fruit essential oils (3.34±0.05%) than those from the anthropogenic population with a more continental climate (2.71±0.22%). In total, 39 volatiles including α-pinene (23.52-27.17%), 1,8-cineole (17.19-18.84%) and α-phellandrene (9.47-10.03%) as main compounds were identified. Chiral analysis demonstrated that (1S)-(-)-α-pinene prevailed over (1R)-(+)-α-pinene and amounted to 94.09-95.28% of all fraction of this monoterpene. The antimicrobial study in vitro indicated that C. parapsilosis, dermatophytes and Aspergillus fungi were more susceptible to fruit essential oils of M. gale, whereas E. coli and C. albicans were weakly inhibited even at the highest essential oil concentration. The strongest growth-inhibitory and bactericidal effect of sweet gale essential oil was established on S. aureus. This could be attributed to the major essential oil compounds with known antimicrobial activity, such as α-pinene, 1,8-cineole and α-phellandrene.
Comparative analysis and antimicrobial action of some essential oils from plants
BIO Web of Conferences, 2021
In this research, essential oils (EOs) were extracted through steaming from aerial parts of three plants: basil (Ocinum basilicum L.), peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) and oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) form Sibiu County, Romania. The GC-MS analysis indicated that eugenol and apiol were the major compounds in the basil EO. Timol, ɣ-terpinene, and p-cymene were the major compounds in the volatile oil extracted from oregano and menthol and methone the main components in the peppermint EO. In the first 48 h of analysis, basil EO inhibition action was the highest against Salmonella anatum (48%), followed by Aspergillus niger (26%), Bacillus cereus (21%) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (15%); this action was maintained for 120 h for all samples. In the first 48 h, the peppermint EO showed the highest inhibition rate (50%) on B. cereus, followed by A. niger (45%), S. cerevisiae (20%) and no action against Salmonella; this action varied after 72h and 120 h by slightly increasing in case of B. c...
Phytochemical and antimicrobial studies on essential oils of some aromatic plants
AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
The antimicrobial activity of the volatile constituents of five different plant essential oils, that is, Ocimum sanctum (leaves), Eucalyptus globulus (leaves), Mentha arvensis (leaves), Citrus lemon (fruit epicarp) and Citrus maxima (fruit epicarp) was evaluated in vitro against seven bacteria (Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi), two filamentous fungi (Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus) and a yeast (Candida albicans). The volatile constituents of O. sanctum, E. globulus and M. arvensis exhibited strong antimicrobial activities against test pathogenic fungi and bacteria (both gram-positive and gram-negative). The chemical composition of essential oils determined by gas chromatograph (GC) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis consisted of eugenol (56.07%), 1, 8 cineole (17.34%) and menthol (43.45%) as the major chemical constituents in O. sanc...
Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research : IJPR, 2017
Family Cupressaceae is the largest coniferous plant family. Essential oils of many species belonging to family Cupressaceae are known to have several biological activities specially antimicrobial activity. The essential oils from aerial parts of Calocedrus decurrens Torr., Cupressus sempervirens stricta L. and Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) Mast. were prepared by hydrodistillation. The chemical composition of the essential oils has been elucidated by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis. The prepared essential oils were examined against selected species of Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and Candida species. Broth dilution methods were used to detect minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC). Sixteen compounds were identified in the essential oils of both Calocedrus decurrens and Cupressus sempervirens L. and fifteen compounds were identified in the essential oil of Tetraclinis articulata...
The significance of minor components on the antibacterial activity of essential oil via chemometrics
Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft & Technologie, 2021
The significance of minor constituents of essential oils (EOs) for antibacterial activity by chemometric methods principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) was researched. In this study, the antibacterial activity of six EOs from Achillea and Artemisia species was evaluated on nine laboratory control bacterial strains. Gas Chromatographic-Mass Spectrometric (GC/MS) data showed that these samples have similar chemical compositions, with highest content of oxygenated monoterpenes and lowest content of oxygenated sesquiterpenes and sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons. The strongest clustering is observed for Achillea millefolium and Achillea crithmifolia EOs. In PCA analysis, these two EOs are located at the considerable distance away from all of the other samples of EOs, indicating that their composition and activity differs significantly from the other samples. All bacteria for assessment of antimicrobial activity are grouped to the left side of the plot, located diametrically opposite to group I. This unique location can be pointed out as a reason for the lowest activity against bacteria, suggesting that the dominant EO components may not determine antibacterial activity. These findings were suggesting that the minor compounds (oxygenated sesquiterpenes and sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons) or a combination thereof were possibly responsible for the complete antibacterial activity of EOs.
Essential oils and ethanolic extracts of lemongrass (Cymbopgon citratus), thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and marjoram (Origanum marjorana ) were screened for their possible antioxidant and antimicrobial properties as well as their chemical compositions. According to gas chromatography (GC/ MS) were identified, 39, 16 and 54 compounds of essential oils lemongrass, thyme and marjoram, respectively. The major constituents were 9-cisretinal , δ-2-carene and isomethyl-α-ionol for lemongrass; carvacrol, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid and α –pinene for thyme and 9-cis-retinal, t-butylhydroquinone and p-mentha-3,8-diene for marjoram. The major phenolic and flavonoid compounds of ethanolic extracts identified using HPLC were benzoic , coumarin , hisperidin and hispertins for lemongrass; salicylic ,ellagic , hisperidin and rosmarinic for thyme and benzoic, pyrogalol, , hisperidin and narerigin for marjoram. Antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging. Results showed the superior of ethanolic extracts (low IC50) at lower concentrations than essential oils for scavenged DPPH. The antimicrobial activity (by disc diffusion tests) of different plant essential oils and extracts against 11 strains of microorganisms was done. The essential oils of the tested plants have a stronger antimicrobial activity than those of ethanolic extracts which did not exhibit antimicrobial activity against some microbial strains.
Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of some essential oils
Archives of Pharmacal Research, 2002
In this study the composition and antimicrobial properties of essential oils obtained from Origanum onites, Mentha piperita, Juniperus exalsa, Chrysanthemum indicum, Lavandula hybrida, Rosa damascena, Echinophora tenuifolia, Foeniculum vulgare were examined. To evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activities of these eight aromatic extracts; their in vitro antimicrobial activities were determined by disk diffusion testing, according to the NCCLS criteria. Escherichia coil (ATTC 25922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATTC 27853 were used as standard test bacterial strains. Origanum onites recorded antimicrobial activity against all test bacteria, and was strongest against Staphylococcus aureus. For Rosa damascena, Mentha piperita and Lavandula hybrida antimicrobial activity was recorded only to Staphylococcus aureus. Juniperus exalsa, and Chrysanthemum indicum exhibited antibacterial activities against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coil. We also examined the in vitro antimicrobial activities of some components of the essential oils and found some components with antimicrobial activity.