Paper mill effluent decolorization by fifty Streptomyces strains (original) (raw)
Related papers
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 1997
Two Streptomyces strains, UAH 30 and UAH 51, have been shown to decolourise a paper-mill effluent obtained after semichemical alkaline pulping of wheat straw. Fractionation of the effluent decolourised by strains UAH 30 and UAH 51 showed that 60% and 80% respectively of the alkali-lignin fraction have been removed from the effluent after 7 days of growth. 13C NMR cross polarization and magic angle spinning (CPMAS) spectra of the alkali-lignin remaining in the effluent after decolourisation revealed a decrease in the relative amount of aromatic lignin units compared to that obtained from the untreated effluent along with a reduction in the ratio of syringyl:guaiacyl units. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of the low-molecular-mass compounds extracted from the decolourised effluent revealed the presence of new aromatic lignin-related compounds that were not present in the untreated control effluent. This was linked to a general depolymerization of larger lignin molecules occurring during decolourisation by the two Streptomyces strains. Identification of low-molecular-mass aromatic compounds extracted from the decolourised effluent revealed only the presence of p-hydroxyphenyl units in effluents decolourised by the strain UAH 30 while p-hydroxyphenyl, guaiacyl and syringyl units were detected in effluents decolourised by Streptomyces strain UAH 51. The study indicates that, while decolourisation is a common feature of the two Streptomyces strains, the mechanisms involved in the degradation of the lignin fractions may be different and strain-specific.
World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology, 2011
Irrigation of farm field with water mixed with pulp and paper mill effluent from Century pulp and paper mill in Uttrakhand state of India for over last 25 years in succession increased streptomycetes population (120 × 105) compared to the fresh water irrigated fields (48 × 103 in WIF). Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, BIOLOG™ substrate usage, production of extracellular enzymes (xylanase and cellulase) and plant growth promoting attributes were applied to monitor changes in genetic and metabolic diversity of streptomycetes. Significant variation was observed for production of extracellular enzymes, Indolic compounds, siderophore and P-solubilisation among isolates. Metabolic substrate usage of Streptomyces isolates was evaluated using the BIOLOG™ GP2 plates and unique carbon substrate usage profiles were observed. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the isolates were identified as Streptomyces variabilis, Streptomyces spp. S. glaucescens, S. viridochromogenes, S. cinnabarinus, S. aburaviensis, S. viridis, S. xylophagus, S. macrosporeus, S. thermocarboxydus, and S. albogriseolus. The diversity index parameters like Shannon index, reciprocal of Simpson’s index (1/D), and Pielou index of evenness based on ARDRA revealed that streptomycetes community in effluent irrigated field (EIF) was more diverse. DGGE profiles of Streptomyces specific 16S rRNA gene fragments (16S-DGGE) amplified directly from soil samples were highly similar in both soils.
Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology], 2014
Two mesophilic streptomycetes (S. violaceoruber and S. spiroverticillatus) were selected to study their Poly R-478 decolorization ability and lignocellulose solubilizing activity. Both strains were able to degrade Poly R-478 dye and ferulic acid during growth on a minimal salts medium. The Poly R-478 decolorizing activities of both strains were induced by adding different carbon sources to the culture media. S. violaceoruber could decolorize 63% of Poly R-478 after 24 h. Both strains could solubilize straw and produce acid-precipitable polymeric lignin (APPL) with different efficiency. From the major extracellular enzymes recovery of both strains on rice and wheat straw, we can predicate that the biodegradation process was partial indicating a possible utilization in biological delignification.
SpringerPlus, 2016
This study is the first comprehensive investigation of enzyme-producing bacteria isolated from four sludge samples (primary, secondary, press and machine) collected in a Kraft paper mill. Overall, 41 strains encompassing 11 different genera were identified by 16S rRNA gene analysis and biochemical testing. Both biodiversity and enzymatic activities were correlated with sludge composition. Press sludge hosted the largest variety of bacterial strains and enzymatic activities, which included hydrolytic enzymes and ligninolytic enzymes. In contrast, strains isolated from secondary sludge were devoid of several enzymatic activities. Most strains were found to metabolize Kraft liquor at its alkaline pH and to decolorize industrial lignin-mimicking dyes. Resistance to lignin or the ability to metabolize this substrate is a prerequisite to survival in any paper mill sludge type. We demonstrate here that the bacterial strains found in a typical Kraft paper mill represent a source of potential novel enzymes for both industrial applications and bioremediation.
BioMed Research International, 2013
Pesticides are normally used to control specific pests and to increase the productivity in crops; as a result, soils are contaminated with mixtures of pesticides. In this work, the ability of Streptomyces strains (either as pure or mixed cultures) to remove pentachlorophenol and chlorpyrifos was studied. The antagonism among the strains and their tolerance to the toxic mixture was evaluated. Results revealed that the strains did not have any antagonistic effects and showed tolerance against the pesticides mixture. In fact, the growth of mixed cultures was significantly higher than in pure cultures. Moreover, a pure culture (Streptomyces sp. A5) and a quadruple culture had the highest pentachlorophenol removal percentages (10.6% and 10.1%, resp.), while Streptomyces sp. M7 presented the best chlorpyrifos removal (99.2%). Mixed culture of all Streptomyces spp. when assayed either as free or immobilized cells showed chlorpyrifos removal percentages of 40.17% and 71.05%, respectively, and for pentachlorophenol 5.24% and 14.72%, respectively, suggesting better removal of both pesticides by using immobilized cells. These results reveal that environments contaminated with mixtures of xenobiotics could be successfully cleaned up by using either free or immobilized cultures of Streptomyces, through in situ or ex situ remediation techniques.
Process Biochemistry, 2005
Several ligninolytic microorganisms isolated from the environment of a small pulp and paper mill were evaluated for their ability to decolorize dark brown colored effluents of an agriresidue-based pulp and paper mill and their decolorization efficiency was compared with two known lignin degrading organisms, Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Trametes versicolor. Two isolates, identified as Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus produced higher degrees of color reduction. A. fumigatus showed highest efficiency for effluent decolorization and was capable of producing extracellular laccase, manganese peroxidase and xylanase. This culture was capable of decolorizing effluents over pH range 6.0-9.0, the optimum being pH 8.0 and hence no adjustment of effluent pH for decolorization was necessary. Cellulose, sucrose, glucose and xylose could be used as co-substrate and no additional nitrogen source was necessary for effluent decolorization. Studies on molecular size distribution of untreated effluent and effluent decolorized by A. fumigatus showed that the high-and medium-molecular weight colored compounds are biochemically degraded and depolymerized. #
Water Research, 1997
Among 12 basidiomycetaceous fungal strains, Phanerochaete chrysosporium SC26 and K3 and Phanerochaete flavido-alba FPL 106507 were the most efficient in decolorizing paper mill wastes. Enzymatic activities attributable to both families of extracellular ligninases, lignin peroxidase (LIP) and manganese peroxidase (MnP), have been detected in P. flavido-alba FPL 106507. Both peroxidase activities seem to be implicated in the decolorization of partially bio-depurated paper mill waste waters, but LiP activity seems to play a more important role.
PHYSIOCHEMICAL AND MICROBIAL STUDIES OF PAPER MILL EFFLUENT, RAIPUR (CHHATTISGARH), INDIA
Banat's Journal of Biotechnology, 2014
The present study report physiochemical properties of paper mill effluent and fungal diversity present in effluent. The fungi were further studied for production of organic waste degrading enzymes. Water quality analyzer, turbiditymeter and spectroquant nova 60 and titration method were used to physiochemical properties of paper mill effluent. Fungi were isolated from effluent in agar plate. Organic waste degrading amylolytic and cellulolytic enzyme produce by fungi were recorded in agar plate. The mean value of different physiochemical properties were found as follows: pH 7.50, EC 4.26 mS, TSS 0.28 mg/L, TDS 436.4 mg/L, Turbidity 145.26 NTU, DO 4.48 mg/l, BOD 48.26 mg/L, COD 54.14 mg/L, fluoride 1.15 mg/L, lead 1.78 mg/L and iron 0.51 mg/L. Aspergillus niger, A. fumigates and Penicillium oxalicum were found as dominant species. Fungi isolated from paper mill effluent produced enzymes to degrade the organic waste substances.
Decolourization And Detoxification Of Pulp And Paper Mill Effluent By Microorganisms
Three fungal strains were isolated from sediments of pulp and paper mill in which PF7 reduced colour (27%) and lignin content (24%) of the effluent on 5th day. PF7 was identified as Cryptococcus sp. isolate FIST3 on the basis of ITS1 and ITS2 region sequences. The process of decolourization optimized, in shake flask experiments, by Taguchi approach indicated optimum conditions: temperature (30-35 • C); shaking condition (125 rpm); dextrose (1.0% w/v); tryptone (0.1% w/v); inoculum size (7.5% w/v); pH (5) and duration (24 h). Overall evaluation criterion (OEC) value before optimization was 32.3. There was 38% improvement in the process with final OEC value, 44.6 ± 2.02, at optimum conditions. The colour content of the effluent reduced by 50-53% and lignin content 35-40% after treatment at optimum conditions. Variation in pH from 5 to 6 had most significant effect on decolourization (72%) while variation in temperature from 30 • C to 35 • C had no effect on the process. Treated effluent was further evaluated for toxicity by alkaline single cell (comet) gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay using Saccharomyces cerevisiae MTCC 36 as model organism, indicated 45% reduction. The results showed significant reduction in colour, lignin and toxicity of the effluent and this process can be scale up to industrial level.