Androgenetic alopecia, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance: Is there any association? A case-control study (original) (raw)
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Innovative Publication, 2016
Introduction: Men with premature androgenetic alopecia (AGA) are found to be susceptible to cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus and hypertension and also premature baldness can have a definite negative impact on self-image and self-esteem in these patients. Insulin resistance (IR), metabolic syndrome (MS) are known to be independent risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD). The aim of this study was to assess the strength of association between MS and/or insulin resistance in males with early-onset Androgenetic alopecia (AGA). Methods: A total of 50 male patients with premature AGA attending the dermatology outpatient department and satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited in the study. Equal number of normal age and gender matched patients attending the dermatology OPD were taken as control group. A detailed history of the patients as per the prepared questionnaire was taken. Elaborate general, physical and systemic examination were carried out and recorded in standard proforma. Complete examination of scalp was done with emphasis on pattern and severity of hair loss. Hair loss was graded according to Hamilton-Norwood scale. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurement was done according to structured proforma. Fasting blood samples were collected and fasting insulin level, fasting blood sugar levels, high density lipoproteins, triglycerides were determined. Results: In this study, majority of patients with early onset AGA were in the age group of 22-24 years. Most common grade of hair loss was grade III a (32%) of Hamilton-Norwood scale of hair loss. 5 out of 50 cases (10%) and 2 out of 50 controls (4%) had shown association with insulin resistance and the difference between the groups was statistically insignificant (p= 0.23). 15 out of 50 cases (30%) and 4 out of 50 controls had shown association with metabolic syndrome and the difference between the group was statistically significant (p= 0.005). Conclusion: In our study, majority of patients with early onset AGA were in age group 22-24 years. 31% of cases had family history of AGA. Majority of the patients had stage III of Hamilton-Norwood scale of hair loss. Male patients with early onset AGA were not associated with IR. Metabolic syndrome was associated with male patients with early onset AGA.
Androgenetic alopecia and insulin resistance in young men
Clinical Endocrinology, 2009
Background Epidemiological studies have associated androgenetic alopecia (AGA) with severe young-age coronary artery disease and hypertension, and linked it to insulin resistance. We carried out a case-control study in age-and weight-matched young males to study the link between AGA and insulin resistance using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index or metabolic syndrome clinical manifestations. Methods Eighty young males, 18-35 years old, with AGA ‡ stage III in the Hamilton-Norwood classification, and 80 weight-and agematched controls were included. Alopecia, glucose, serum insulin, HOMA-IR index, lipid profile and androgen levels, as well as metabolic syndrome criteria, were evaluated. Results The HOMA-IR index was significantly higher in cases than controls. Nonobese cases had a higher mean diastolic blood pressure and a more frequent family history of AGA than nonobese controls. A borderline difference in the HOMA-IR index was found in obese AGA cases vs. obese controls [P ¼ 0AE055, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2AE36-4AE20 vs. 1AE75-2AE73]. Free testosterone values were significantly higher in controls than cases, regardless of body mass index (BMI). A statistically significant additive effect for obesity plus alopecia was found, with significant trends for insulin, the HOMA-IR index, lipids and free testosterone when BMI and alopecia status were used to classify the participants. Conclusions Our results support the recommendation for assessing insulin resistance and cardiovascular-related features and disorders in all young males with stage III or higher AGA, according to the Hamilton-Norwood classification.
Early Androgenetic Alopecia and Insulin Resistance-A case control study
Background: In Androgenetic alopecia AGA, androgens induce miniaturization of hair follicles in those genetically predisposed to baldness. The previously known association between Androgenetic Alopecia AGA and cardiovascular risk factors raises a question of common pathogenetic mechanism of these disorders. Aim: To study the association of Insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in early onset AGA in young males Materials and Methods: This was a case control study with 30 participants in each group. Young males between 18 and 35 years of age were included in the study. Participants in the cases group had AGA greater than stage 3. Blood pressure, anthropometry, fasting insulin and glucose levels in blood, lipid profile, total and free testosterone and TSH were investigated for all participants. Insulin resistance was calculated using HOMA-IR and metabolic syndrome criteria devised by National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Pannel III NCEP ATP III was used. Results: Cases had a higher mean diastolic blood pressure and a more frequent family history of AGA than controls. Total and free testosterone levels were significantly more in participants with AGA than controls. There was no significant difference in Insulin resistance and Metabolic syndrome criteria between the cases and controls but the prevalence of Insulin resistance IR and metabolic syndrome MS increased with the severity of AGA. Conclusion: In conclusion, more studies are required in order to objectively clarify whether early AGA can be attributed to dyslipidaemia due to androgens, IR alone, or MS due to IR. In the present study we could not establish a clear cut role of IR or MS, though the testosterones were significantly higher in the AGA participants suggesting the role of androgens.
Clinical Endocrinology, 2009
Background Epidemiological studies have associated androgenetic alopecia (AGA) with severe young-age coronary artery disease and hypertension, and linked it to insulin resistance. We carried out a case–control study in age- and weight-matched young males to study the link between AGA and insulin resistance using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index or metabolic syndrome clinical manifestations.Methods Eighty young males, 18–35 years old, with AGA ≥ stage III in the Hamilton–Norwood classification, and 80 weight- and age-matched controls were included. Alopecia, glucose, serum insulin, HOMA-IR index, lipid profile and androgen levels, as well as metabolic syndrome criteria, were evaluated.Results The HOMA-IR index was significantly higher in cases than controls. Nonobese cases had a higher mean diastolic blood pressure and a more frequent family history of AGA than nonobese controls. A borderline difference in the HOMA-IR index was found in obese AGA cases vs. obese controls [P = 0·055, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2·36–4·20 vs. 1·75–2·73]. Free testosterone values were significantly higher in controls than cases, regardless of body mass index (BMI). A statistically significant additive effect for obesity plus alopecia was found, with significant trends for insulin, the HOMA-IR index, lipids and free testosterone when BMI and alopecia status were used to classify the participants.Conclusions Our results support the recommendation for assessing insulin resistance and cardiovascular-related features and disorders in all young males with stage III or higher AGA, according to the Hamilton–Norwood classification.
Study of prevalence of metabolic syndrome in androgenetic alopecia
International Journal of Research in Dermatology, 2018
Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is commonly known as male pattern baldness has a prevalence of up to 50% in men worldwide. It occurs in most patients before the age of 40 years. It is characterized by a progressive conversion of terminal hair into miniaturized hair defined by various patterns. Various studies have shown that androgenetic alopecia have significant physical and psychological morbidity and a lowered dermatological life quality index.Methods: The study included 75 patients with clinical diagnosis of AGA and 75 age and sex matched controls. After taking complete history, general examination and thorough dermatological examination was performed in all cases to grade the severity of AGA. Fasting serum samples were taken from all cases and controls and assayed for fasting plasma glucose and lipid profile. Metabolic syndrome (MS) was diagnosed according to 2005 revised National Cholesterol Education Programme’s Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III). Chi square tes...
2020
Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most prevailing type of progressive hair loss. Thus far, some previous studies have investigated the correlation between AGA and metabolicsyndrome (MetS). However, due to the inconsistency of their results, our study aims at evaluating the association between AGA and MetS.Methods: Fifty two male patients with grade III-V AGA, based on Ebling’s scale, and 50 control subjects were enrolled in the present study. All participants were evaluated for the presenceof Mets based on the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III).Results: The prevalence of MetS was 51.3% in AGA group and 17.8% in control group (P=0.003). Among MetS parameters, Systolic blood pressure (P=0.003) and waist circumference (P<0.001)were statistically significant in AGA patients compared to the control group.Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that the association between AGA and MetS is of great importance. Therefore, early detec...
International Journal of Experimental Research and Review, 2023
Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is the most common cause of patterned hair loss among males which is characterized by progressive hair loss from the bi-temporal and vertex regions of the scalp. Although previous epidemiological studies found an association between metabolic syndrome (MetS), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among adult AGA male patients, there has been no comprehensive research till now to establish this correlation between AGA and cardiovascular risk and there is a paucity of data regarding this association. Two hundred men were included in the study, N = 100 AGA patients included in the patient group, and the rest in the control group. In both groups, the parameters for MetS such as family history, socioeconomic status, obesity, blood pressure, and lipid profile), and in the presence of the CAA plaques and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) using Doppler ultrasonography were established. The degree of AGA was asses by using the Hamilton-Norwood grade (I-VII) system for males. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test. AGA was found in 11.6% of OPD patients, whereas 3 patients have CAA plaque and 6 cases have C-IMT from the patient's group. There was a statistical association between male AGA with MetS, and insulin-resistant patients (P = 0.001 and 0.0004, respectively). A positive family history of AGA patients, hypertension, DM, and CVD was found to be significantly more frequent in study cases than in the controls (P <0.05). Patients with AGA appear to have a highly prevalent risk of developing CVD and CAA plaque. Therefore, clinical evaluation of each AGA patient's cases is needed, especially for grade III and above which may help prevent CVD in the future. Timely intervention and lifestyle changes in male AGA patients can fulfil the ultimate objective of reducing cardiovascular complications in the future.
Androgenetic Alopecia as a Marker of Metabolic Syndrome
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2021
Background: Alopecia induced by androgens in genetically predisposed individuals is termed as Androgenetic alopecia (AGA). There is proof appearance the relationship between Androgenetic alopecia and metabolic condition. Objective: To determine frequency of metabolic syndrome in Androgenetic alopecia as a biomarker of disease in adult male patients. Materials and methods: It was a Cross Sectional Study conducted at the Department of Dermatology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Hospital, Jamshoro/Hyderabad. Total 178 diagnosed male patients of Androgenetic alopecia were included. The grading of male Original Research Article Memon et al.; JPRI, 33(30A): 146-153, 2021; Article no.JPRI.69360 147 pattern Androgenetic alopecia was done according to modified Norwood-Hamilton classification. Norwood-Hamilton Stage I-III were regarded to be mild to moderate and Stage IV and higher were regarded as severe. Vein was engorged by a tourniquet applied above the cubital fossa. B...
International Journal of Research in Dermatology
Background: Androgenic alopecia is most common type of non-scarring alopecia in men. It is associated with high risk of cardiovascular events. Aim was to study the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in male patients of early onset androgenic alopecia.Methods: A case-control study was conducted at the dermatology out-patient department over a period of 6 months which included 100 patients of androgenic alopecia and 100 age matched controls. All subjects were aged 20 to 35 years and underwent detailed history, clinical examination including trichoscopic examination and measurement of waist circumference and blood pressure. Fasting blood sugar, triglyceride and high-density lipoproteins were tested following overnight fasting. Diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was based on criteria of national cholesterol education program (NCEP) adult treatment panel III. Chi square test was used as a test of significance. P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Prevalence of me...