The Effect of Integrated Housing Development Program on Housing Ownership of Lower-Income Groups: The Case of Dire Dawa (original) (raw)
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AFFORDABLE HOUSING: PRACTICES AND PROSPECTS OF HOUSE SUPPLY IN ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA
The city of Addis Ababa is burdened with both political and socio-economic activities of the country. People are flooding from all over the nation for employment, education, business and other reasons. Providing affordable houses for the rapidly increasing demand has become a challenge. It is demanding a solution more than building houses in the city. Even building houses by itself has its own bottlenecks such as gaps in project management and financial access. The integrated housing development program has brought some important insights. It was successful to some extent of its objectives. However, it lags far behind from the soaring demand of Addis Ababa residents for affordable housing. If continues in the same way or worse, the program won’t be relevant anymore to benefit the poor and even the middle-income community members. The heavy burden of affordable housing provision can never be alleviated by whatever good done in the city. In contrary, the investment in the city is attracting more people and hence more demand, for the vicious circle to continue. Thus, all stakeholders need to assume their responsibility for robust, integrated and nationwide effort, so as to guide urbanization for its optimal benefit. This paper analyzes the practices and prospects of affordable housing in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. At the end, it proposed recommendations that are drawn from the research findings.
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ABSTRACT This study is aimed at examining the causes of housing problem in Laska town of Basketo Zone in SEPR state. The study employed explanatory case study approach to understand the main causes of the problem in the study area. Interview questions were prepared and data were collected from participants who are the residents of Laska town who represent different social classes of people. The analysis revealed that the causative factors of housing problems in Laska town includes lack of access to land, increased population due to urbanization, and non-implementation of the housing policies, high cost of building materials and lack of access to finance are the causative factors. Finally, the study recommended that the concerned authorities need to introduce workable, consistent and solid affordability policies for the beneficiaries to get access to land as well as credit and bank loans. Key terms: Southern Ethiopia People (SEP) Housing Urbanization Basketo Zone Housing affordability
reseaarch article, 2022
Even though situational factors are predominantly determining the housing scenario of urban residents, individual factors are the most essential elements that play a vital role in the housing development of urban residents. The main objective of this study was to investigate socio-demographic and socio-economic factors that contributed to urban housing development in Sebeta town, Ethiopia. To achieve the research objective, the explanatory mixed-method sequential research design was employed where quantitative data were collected from 384 respondents who were randomly selected, whereas qualitative data were collected via in-depth interviews and focus group discussion. Research findings confirmed that socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics were major determining factors of urban housing development. Socio-demographic and socio-economic dynamics associated with individual characteristics were found to cause variation in housing statuses among urban residents. This implies, in addition to structural challenges, individualistic factors of urban residents affect their housing choices. It was identified that differences in gender, migration status, ethnic background, income class, educational status, and occupational backgrounds were responsible factors for housing status discrepancy in the study area. The authors came up with the conclusion that socio-demographic and socio-economic factors are the most remarkable features, which determine the housing development of residents by accompanying structural factors. The authors would recommend that the housing development of urban residents needs the prerequisite of strengthening socio-demographic dynamism and socio-economic empowerment of the urban poor.
SUMMARY The city administration of Addis Ababa is undertaking a massive integrated housing development program to address the acute housing problem of the city since 2006. Housing supply is not the only goal of this program; instead its ultimate desire is to use Integrated Housing Development Program (IHDP) as a tool to reduce urban poverty, which is the prime concern of the city. IHDP has primarily aimed to provide mass housing to address the housing problems of the city. It also aimed among others; to create huge employment opportunity, provide basic infrastructure facilities, facilitate mortgage access, promote affordable payment modality, promote urban renewal to reduce slum areas, promote targeted subsidy to women and disable residents, promote economic use of urban land and introduce cheap construction technology. Since its launch in 2006, the program has achieved enormous successes that include among others; — Construction of more than 100,000 apartments that have housed 0.5 million residents, — there are another 100,000 apartments near to completion and expected to be transferred to citizens until June 2014, — The program has created job opportunity for more than 200,000 residents which are organized in 3,000 SMEs, — Many dilapidated slum areas were converted to attractive living and working areas. All the aforementioned achievements have enormously helped to reduce the poverty level of the city. There are several reasons that can be mentioned for the success. The main reasons include; presence of strong political commitment, allocation of own resources which is vital for sustainability, public participation and consultation, targeted subsidy as means of wealth sharing, promotion of gender sensitive affirmative action (30% of houses are allocated to women) and recognition of the informal sector as development partner. The program has encountered several challenges during the implementation period and remedial measures were taken to overcome the challenges which as a result have improved the progress and quality of the program.
International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 2013
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Kenya Government housing policies and strategies for housing the urban poor in Kenya, and how the citizen have benefited from the scheme/plan. Objective of the article was to examine the effectiveness of Housing policies and their implementation strategies in the provision of low-cost housing to the urban poor in Kisumu City. The research question was, how effective are the various Kenya Government Housing Policies and implementation strategies targeting the provisions of low-cost Housing to the urban poor in Kisumu City? The study adopted quantitative survey research design. Primary data was collected through structured interviews/interview guide, self-administered questionnaires (Delivery and collection questionnaires), observation and check list. Secondary data was collected from Kenya government national housing policies, national development plans, research publications, internet among others. Quantitative data was summarized, categorized, interpreted and analyzed using Tables and percentages. Simple random sampling was used in this study. The researchers' target population of 218,766 and sample size of 384 was ideal for this method of sampling. Statistical package of social sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze the data collected from the field. Correlation analysis was done on both dependent and independent variables with supply of electricity as the control group. Findings revealed that housing has never been a core area of government interest, the government does not drive and guide regional and local action on housing, lack of attempt by the government to broaden focus on housing policy and integrate it with wider economic, social and environmental goals, lack of good policy/subsidy mix and balance, lack of effective implementation strategies, poor promotion of Security of Tenure, inadequate supply of affordable land and infrastructure, inadequate housing finance system, poor utilization of local building materials and technologies, lack of support to small scale-construction activities/contractors, inappropriate standards and legislation and inadequate participation of communities in low-cost housing
Rapid urban expansion and the challenge of pro-poor housing in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Africa Review, 2017
A common challenge faced by countries in the developing world is to provide public goods such as housing and safe water and sanitation to rapidly expanding and poor populations in urban areas. This is a particularly acute problem when the process of governing is accompanied by unplanned urban population growth and the displacement of the urban poor while pursuing market-oriented development strategies without proper safety nets for them. The purpose of this essay is to critically assess the plight of the city Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in its efforts to address this issue over the past decade. The study, based upon field research conducted in 2015, concludes that while having had success in expanding the availability of the quantity and quality of low-income housing, the urban housing development programme has largely failed to directly address the housing needs of the poorest of the poor. In large measure, this is due to the enormity of the problem coupled with the limited capacity of l...
No Cost Housing Conference – 30th June - 1st July 2016 – ETH Zurich, 2016
Addis Ababa's housing sector has been a long-standing challenge. For over a century the rapidly growing Ethiopian capital has been unable to provide adequate and sufficient housing, particularly for its low-income citizens. By the early 2000s, Addis Ababa's 4 million inhabitants stood against an accumulated housing backlog of 233'000 units. Against this backdrop, the Ethiopian government collaborated with the German Technical Cooperation (GTZ) to address the housing issue through a city-wide mass housing program. This paper follows the program's successive stages of implementation during the 2000s and addresses the social as well as spatial results along two of its main conceptual pillars: individual home-ownership through a mortgage system, and highly standardized housing block typologies. Whereas the program has created amounts of housing units unseen in Ethiopian history, it has also revealed substantial challenges on spatial and socioeconomic levels: the program has failed to provide widespread affordable housing to the targeted low-income groups; it has generated spatial and social segregation; it has fostered dependency on imported materials; it lacks design features and spaces that reflect local lifestyles and daily needs; and it has accelerated the peripheral expansion of the city. In summary, the paper argues that the two described conceptual pillars of mortgage finance and standardized housing blocks have been key catalysts for the described challenges. Based on this, it seems obvious that effective low-cost housing concepts for Addis Ababa-whether as alterations or as new approaches-would have to specifically engage with design processes and funding schemes from more flexible, versatile and inclusive vantage points.
Journal of Human Ecology, 2008
The paper explores the circumstances in which housing policies are articulated and implemented in developing countries using Akure in Ondo State of Nigeria as a case study. The paper examines the suitability and potential of the policies to addressing housing affordability and shortages in urban areas of the country as well as determines the impact of the policy on housing delivery. A structured questionnaire was administered to selected residents of the city using the Systematic sampling technique. This involved the selection of every 10th building in the nine wards into which the city was stratified. In all, a total of 1266 questionnaires were administered to obtain information on the socio economic characteristics and housing condition of households surveyed. The paper reveals that majority of residents of the city are low-income earners that cannot afford housing being produced under the policy. The paper also shows that the policy has not made much contribution to housing provision. The Primary Mortgage Institutions that are essential in the implementation of the policy are not available in the state and therefore residents of the city have not been able to benefit from the outcome of the policy. Majority of households in the city are not aware of the policy and its potentials in financing housing. The paper argues that although the policy posses great potentials to improving housing delivery, there is a need to rethink and repackage the policy so that majority can benefit from it. There is the need to incorporate social housing into the policy to assist the very poor that cannot take care of their housing consumption needs. The present approach of leaving housing provision to the vagaries of market forces would not be expected to provide affordable housing especially to the poor.