Contribution of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) to changes in morphological and physiological parameters raised alone and with birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus (original) (raw)
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SELF-SEEDING OF SUBTERRANEAN CLOVER IN DEGRADED BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL SEED PRODUCTION STANDS
Vasileva V. and S. Enchev, 2018. Self-seeding of subterranean clover in degraded birdsfoot trefoil seed production stands, Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 24 (Suppl. 2):104-108 In connection with the dilution of seed production birdsfoot trefoil stands the possibility of under-sowing them with self-seeding crops was studied. The trial was carried out on the experimental field of Institute of Forage Crops, Pleven, Bulgaria with birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) Targovishte 1 variety. In autumn after the fourth year of use of the stands (for seed production direction) an under-sowing with three subterranean clover subspecies was done as follows: Trifolium subterraneum ssp. brachycalicinum (Antas variety), Trifolium subterraneum ssp. yaninicum (Trikkala variety) and Trifolium subterraneum ssp. subterraneum (Denmark variety). The capacity of self-sowing of subterranean clover in birdsfoot trefoil stands was assessed. It was found that subterranean clover effectively used the autumn-winter soil moisture, formed a sufficient number of seeds for self-seeding and germinated plants occupied the sites of the dropped birdsfoot trefoil plants. Trifolium subterraneum ssp. brachycalicinum showed the best self-seeding ability. Thus, after under-sowing with subterranean clover, degraded seed production birdsfoot trefoil stands could be used for forage.
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 2014
Grass-legume mixtures are suitable for crop rotations in organic farming. However, seasonal development of below-ground organs of Trifolium pratense in mixtures and on different soils was neglected. We asked (1) how the diameter of the root neck, the maximum order of branching as well as (2) the nodule traits are affected by locality and time, and (3) how above-ground plant traits of red clover vary in space and time. Red clover was investigated in grass-legume mixtures in the first year of vegetation. Five sites in S Germany were sampled at the day of cut at the end of May, the beginning of July, and at the end of August, respectively. Under similar climatic conditions root traits (diameter of the root neck, order of root branching, size of nodules, and proportion of senescent nodules) differed with soil conditions and time within the season. Root diameter increased during the season. Higher sand content fostered root branching and branched roots developed more nodules. Thinner roots had more active nodules (pink). Root diameter and nonactive senescent (green) or moribund (brown) nodules increased at the end of season. Nodule activity differed more according to season than to soil conditions. The number of nodules per plant (12.5-19.5) decreased from May to August. Cylindrical nodules were found on 85-100% of the plants and branched nodules only on 0-25%. The height of plants was lowest in May and increased in July. The mean number of stems per plant (3.3-6.3) was highest in August. Understanding red clover traits and N 2 fixation is interesting scientifically as well as agronomical. Organic and conventional farmers can both benefit of our findings.
SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN MIXTURES OF COCKSFOOT AND TALL FESCUE WITH SUBTERRANEAN CLOVER
Vasileva, V. and A. Ilieva, 2017. Some physiological parameters in mixtures of cocksfoot and tall fescue with subterranean clover. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 23 (1): 71–75 Some physiological parameters (leafl et area, photosynthetic pigments) of subterranean clover, cocksfoot and tall fescue were studied in a fi eld trial in the Institute of Forage Crops, Pleven, Bulgaria (2011-2014). Three subspecies of subclovers – i.e. Trifolium subterraneum ssp. brachycalicinum (cv. Antas), Trifolium subterraneum ssp. yaninicum (cv. Trikkala) and Trifolium subterraneum ssp. subterraneum (cv. Denmark); and two grasses, i.e. cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) (cv. Dabrava) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) (cv. Albena) were grown purely and in mixture (a ratio of grass to subclovers 50:50%). From pure grown subclovers most leafl et area formed Trifolium subterraneum ssp. brachycalicinum (2.11 cm 2), followed by Trifolium subterraneum ssp. yaninicum (1.98 cm 2) and Trifolium subterraneum ssp. subterraneum (1.42 cm 2). For the plas-tid pigments content subclovers were arranged as follows: Trifolium subterraneum ssp. brachycalicinum (300.18 mg/100 g FW), Trifolium subterraneum ssp. subterraneum (283.53 mg/100 g FW) and Trifolium subterraneum ssp. yaninicum (283.35 mg/100 g FW). Leafl et area of subclover was greater in mixtures with cocksfoot as compared to tall fescue. Total plastid pigments content (chlorophyll a+b and carotenoids) was found be higher in both components of the mixtures of cocksfoot with Trifolium subterraneum ssp. brachycalicinum (by 16.2% and 10.6%, respectively).
Forage quality characteristics of green forage biomass of pure birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) (cv. Targovishte 1) swards and mixtures of birdsfoot trefoil with three subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) subspecies, i.e. Trifolium subterraneum ssp. brachycalicinum (cv. Antas), Trifolium subterraneum ssp. yaninicum (cv. Trikkala) and Trifolium subterraneum ssp. subterraneum (cv. Denmark) were measured. The experiment was caried out at the experimental field of Institute of Forage Crops, Pleven, Bulgaria. The next variants were studied: birdsfoot trefoil (100%); birdsfoot trefoil + Trifolium subterraneum ssp. brachycalicinum (50:50%); birdsfoot trefoil + Trifolium subterraneum ssp. yaninicum (50:50%); birdsfoot trefoil + Trifolium subterraneum ssp. subterraneum (50:50%). Forage biomass from the mixtures of birdsfoot trefoil with subterranean clover compared to pure grown birdsfoot trefoil had lower crude fiber content (with 1.38%), higher in vitro digestibility of dry matter (with 2.21%), lower content of fiber fractions: NDF (with 4.08%), ADF (with 2.58%) and ADL (with 1.33%), lower degree of lignifications (with 6.63%) and higher energy feeding values (0.017-0.020, FUM-FUG). Forage biomass from the mixtures of birdsfoot trefoil with Trifolium subterraneum ssp. subterraneum showed the best quality characteristics – the highest crude protein content (16.51% of DM), the highest digestibility of dry matter (63.33%), the lowest degree of lignifications (18.40%) and the highest protein feeding value (PDIN, 104 g/kg dry matter; PDIE, 89 g/kg dry matter and total digestible protein 122 g/kg dry matter).
Leaf size variation in subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L. sensu lato)
Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - GENET RESOUR CROP EVOLUTION, 1998
In subterranean clover, leaf size contributes to plant competitivity; besides, this trait is attributed a diagnostic relevance. The study assessed leaf size variation at two growth stages (60 days after sowing and flowering date) on genotypes belonging to the three main subspecies of the complex, viz. subsp. subterraneum, brachycalycinum, and yanninicum. After 60 days, brachycalycinum showed the largest leaflet area while subterraneum and yanninicum did not differ. Leaf size increase between the two measurements, remarkable in all subspecies, was significantly highest in yanninicum, which showed the largest area at flowering date. The leaflet length/breadth ratio was similar in the three subspecies at both stages. In subterraneum and brachycalycinum this ratio decreased significantly from the first to the second measurement; leaflet area increase seemed depending more on breadth than length increase. Yanninicum showed the longest petiole at flowering, and subspecies ranking for this...
Pakistan Journal of Botany, 2020
The permanent climate changes having occurred in the last decade present a serious risk to the agricultural crops. Тhis requires to study new herbaceous forage species having pronounced resistance to unfavorable abiotic factors and good adaptive capacity towards the new conditions. Legumes species that can provide self-sowing and persist continuously in the sward become of practical importance. Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) is an annual drought resistant legume with winter-spring type of development and ability for self-sowing. The studies with subterranean clover during the last years showed that it has practical applicability under the climatic conditions of Bulgaria. When sown at an appropriate time in the autumn, it establishes a uniform stand before the beginning of the permanent cold spell and grows up early in the spring and forms a dense sward. Subterranean clover was found as a suitable component for mixtures with widely used perennial grass and legume forage crops and contributed to weed infestation decreasing, higher productivity and persistence of the pasture systems. In addition, due to the prostrate habit it is strongly tolerant to grazing. The subterranean clover is adaptable to the changing climatic conditions and its use as a natural bio-recourse in the pastures could be a contribution to finding a solution in the field of forage production to mitigate the adverse effects of climatic change.
The productivity of three leguminous crops birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) and subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) was evaluated in green house grown alone or mixed with Lolium perenne L. perennial ryegrass in 2013 and repeated in 2014. Each leguminous crops were grown alone (100%) or mixed with ryegrass at (50:50). Birdsfoot trefoil or sainfoin was also grown with subterranean clover along with perennial ryegrass grass (33:33:33). Higher productivity was found with the treatments of mixtures, i.e., for dry aboveground biomass, by 20.4%, and for dry root biomass, by 25.4%, respectively. More stable productivity of plant biomass was obtained in mixtures.
New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 1995
A 3-year experiment to evaluate the performance of a number of selected subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) lines and cultivars was carried out in grazed hill country pastures in the northern North Island of New Zealand. Seedlings were transplanted into existing swards on easy (15-20° slope) and steep (25-35°s lope) contoured paddocks. Flowering times, spring cover, summer/autumn seedling emergence, and winter plant populations were measured with a particular emphasis on annual regeneration of the lines. Herbage production over the final season and soil seed reserves were also measured. Important factors in the success of subterranean clover genotypes were identified as late maturity, strong autumn regeneration, a long growing season, and prostrate habit. Six lines were identified as performing consistently better than the standard cultivars included in the trial. All have in common a flowering date close to that of 'Tallarook', the ability to regenerate winter plant populations of over 200 plants/m 2 , spring yields of over 1000 kg DM/ha in a mixed sward, and formononetin levels less than 0.15% of dry weight. These lines were therefore considered suitable for further development towards a suitable cultivar for New Zealand summer-dry hill-country pastures.