A novel two-stage technique for construction of experimental aneurysms (original) (raw)
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Lessons from Animal Models of Arterial Aneurysm
AORTA, 2013
We review the results from the most common animal models of arterial aneurysm, including recent findings from our novel, laparoscopy-based pig model of abdominal aortic aneurysm, that contribute important insights into early pathogenesis. We emphasize the relevance of these findings for evaluation of treatment protocols and novel device prototypes for mechanism-based prevention of progression and rupture.
Microsurgical Venous Pouch Arterial-Bifurcation Aneurysms in the Rabbit Model: Technical Aspects
Journal of Visualized Experiments, 2011
For ruptured human cerebral aneurysms endovascular embolization has become an equivalent alternative to aneurysm clipping. 1 However, large clinical trials have shown disappointing long-term results with unacceptable high rates of aneurysm recanalization and delayed aneurysm rupture. 2 To overcome these problems, animal experimental studies are crucial for the development of better endovascular devices. [3][4][5] Several animal models in rats, rabbits, canines and swine are available. 6-8 Comparisons of the different animal models showed the superiority of the rabbit model with regard to hemodynamics and comparability of the coagulation system and cost-effectiveness. The venous pouch arterial bifurcation model in rabbits is formed by a venous pouch sutured into an artificially created true bifurcation of both common carotid arteries (CCA). The main advantage of this model are true bifurcational hemodynamics. 12 The major drawbacks are the sofar high microsurgical technical demands and high morbidity and mortality rates of up to 50%. 13 These limitations have resulted in less frequent use of this aneurysm model in the recent years. These shortcomings could be overcome with improved surgical procedures and modified peri-and postoperative analgetic management and anticoagulation. 14-16 Our techniques reported in this paper demonstrate this optimized technique for microsurgical creation of arterial bifurcation aneurysms.
Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões
To develop an experimental model of stable saccular aneurysm in carotid of pigs using the internal jugular vein. In 12 healthy pigs, weighing between 25 and 5 0kg, five males and seven females, we made a right common carotid artery aneurysm. After elliptical arteriotomy, we carried out a terminolateral anastomosis with the distal stump of the internal jugular vein. Aneurysm volume was calculated so that the value did not exceed 27 times the area of the arteriotomy. After six days angiography and microscopic examination were performed to assess patency of the aneurysm and the presence of total or partial thrombosis. There was a significant weight gain of pigs in the time interval between the manufacture of the aneurysm and angiography (p = 0.04). Aneurysmal patency was observed in ten pigs (83%). Operative wound infections occurred in two animals (16.6%), both with early onset, three days after the making of the aneurysm. Histological analysis showed aneurysm thrombus partially occlu...
Comparative Study of Two Surgically Created Swine Models of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
The Internet Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2008
Our aim was to compare two surgically created AAA models, to determine which one of them could be more useful in the development and training in endovascular techniques. Ten pigs underwent the creation of infrarrenal AAAs with autologous peritoneal (Group A (n=5)) or gastric serosa (Group B (n=5)) patches. Serial angiograms and ultrasonograms were obtained to measure aneurismal diameters over time. On day 90, animals were euthanized for pathological evaluation. The surgical procedure took significantly (p=0.022) longer to complete in group B. Survival times were longer in group A. Both models exhibited an increase in diameter during the first third of the follow-up period (up to a 243% of the original diameter in group A and a 216% in group B) that subsequently stabilized. The peritoneum model is technically easier to create, and it exhibits higher postoperative dilatation, so it could be more useful in the short term development, training and evaluation of new endoprostheses.
Creation of four experimental aneurysms with different hemodynamics in one dog
AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology, 2005
We developed an experimental canine model in which four types of aneurysm--bifurcation, side-wall, small branch-artery, and arterial-stump--were surgically created in the same animal. These experimental aneurysms are exposed to simultaneous but different hemodynamic stresses correlating to human intracranial aneurysms in different locations. Because this model allowed for the creation of four aneurysms, each with different hemodynamic features, it seems to offer advantages from ones previously described. This model may foster investigation of new and current endovascular devices.
Experimental methods of abdominal aortic aneurysm creation in swine as a large animal model
Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society, 2013
Animal models of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) enable preclinical studies on new therapeutic approaches and help to understand pathophysiology of the disease. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of selected methods of experimental induction of abdominal aortic aneurysm in swine and to adapt the EMG examination (electromyography) to record the vessel wall changes. The animals were divided into 3 groups comprising 4 individuals in whom AAA was surgically induced. In the first group the AAA was induced by mechanical stretching of the aortic wall and injection of 500 IU elastase under pressure. The second group received elastase and 6000 IU of collagenase. In the third group 0.5 M CaCl2 solution was introduced additionally. Enlargement of abdominal aorta was monitored for 4 weeks. The first group did not show any aorta dilatation. In the second group the aortic lumen was dilated on average by 71±3.5% (P≤0.001) as shown at autopsy and by 76.6±9.3% as measured by...
Endovascular model of abdominal aortic aneurysm induction in swine
Vascular medicine (London, England), 2014
Abdominal aortic aneurysms are among the main causes of death. The high morbidity and mortality associated with aneurysm rupture and repair represents a challenge for surgeons and high risk for patients. Although experimental models are useful to understand, train, and develop new treatment and diagnostic methods for this pathology, animal models developed to date are far from ideal. Animals are either too small and do not represent the pathology of humans, or the procedures employ laparotomy, or the aortic behavior does not resemble that of a true aneurysm. We developed a novel, less invasive and effective method to induce true aortic aneurysms in Large White pigs. Animals were submitted to an endovascular chemical induction using either calcium chloride (25%) or swine pancreatic elastase. Controls were exposed to saline solution. All animals were operated on using the same surgical technique under general anesthesia. They were followed weekly with ultrasound examinations and at 4 ...
In Vivo Experimental Intracranial Aneurysm Models: A Systematic Review
American Journal of Neuroradiology, 2009
Animal models are necessary to develop and test innovations in aneurysm therapy before clinical introduction. This review aims at identifying the most likely candidates for standardizing preclinical testing of aneurysm devices. We systematically searched electronic databases for publications on animal aneurysm models from 1961-2008 to assess the methodologic quality of the studies and collect data on the patency and angiographic and pathologic outcomes of treatments. There has been a steady increase in the annual number of publications with time. Species that were most frequently used were dogs, rabbits, and rodents, followed by swine. Most publications are single-laboratory studies with variables and poorly validated outcome measures, a small number of subjects, and limited standardization of techniques. The most appropriate models to test for recurrences after endovascular occlusion were the surgical bifurcation model in dogs, and the elastase-induced aneurysm model in rabbits. A standardized multicenter study is needed to improve the preclinical evaluation of endovascular devices in aneurysm therapy. ABBREVIATIONS: Angio ϭ angiography; ICA ϭ intracranial aneurysms; IHC ϭ immunohistochemistry; SEM ϭ scanning electron microscope; w ϭ width
Arterial saccular aneurysm model in the rabbit
AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology, 1996
Saccular aneurysms arising from the common carotid artery in the neck at the origin of the internal carotid artery were created in male rabbits using the stump of a ligated external carotid artery. These stumps were intraluminally perfused with varying concentrations of porcine pancreatic elastase for 45 minutes via a microcatheter introduced into the femoral artery. The aneurysms were allowed to mature for 2 to 12 weeks. Gross examination and histologic studies confirmed the presence of an aneurysm in all 15 experiments. Ninety-two percent (12 of 13) of the aneurysms studied by postoperative angiography were shown to be angiographically patent: 40% of all aneurysms were noted to be patent at harvest; and the remainder showed evidence of intraluminal thrombus. On histologic examination, all aneurysms showed complete loss of elastic lamina without evidence of fibrosis or scarring.