Harmful effects of air pollutants in biochemical parameters of plants (original) (raw)
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Biochemical parameters of plants as indicators of air pollution
In the present study, species like Mangifera indica, Linn., Cassia fistula, Linn., and Eucalyptus hybrid were exposed to different air pollution load for short duration (active biomonitoring). Variation in biochemical parameters like chlorophyll, protein, soluble sugar, free amino acid, ascorbic acid, nitrate reductase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase in the leaves were found to be pollution load dependent. These variations can be used as indicators of air pollution for early diagnosis of stress or as a marker for physiological damage to trees prior to the onset of visible injury symptoms. Just by analyzing these biochemical indicators air quality can also be assessed.
Assessment of common plant parameters as biomarkers of air pollution
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2019
Air pollution is a very serious current environmental issue of human society. Large parts of countries, especially the densely populated cities, having high vehicular movement, industries, and factories, are worst affected. Biomarkers are changes in plant parameters that help in easy assessment of the environmental quality of an area at a certain time. Plants can react to different environmental stresses with the most evident responses shown by the leaves. In the present work, we have studied changes in biochemical parameters in the leaves of a mango plant (Mangifera indica), a very common plant in West Bengal, India, which were collected from four different locations in the city of Kolkata which has a high concentration of air pollutants and one control area from a rural region having a low concentration of air pollutants. It was observed that leaves which were exposed to high amounts of harmful air pollutants showed higher accumulation of molecules such as phenol, proline, malondialdehyde, and cellulose with lower amounts of chlorophyll. From this, we can observe that common environmental stress such as air pollution leads to a change in the synthesis of bioactive molecules to resist the effect of stress on the plant. Thus, from these data, it can be concluded that biochemical parameters can serve as efficient biomarkers of the air quality of an area.
AIR POLLUTION TOLERANCE INDEX INDUCED BY BIOCHEMICAL COMPONENTS IN PLANTS
The response of plants towards air pollution was assessed by air pollution tolerance index, as plants are primary receptors. This study was conducted during the month of January 2014. The location selected for the study was plants located near road sides of New bus stand (study area1) and plants located near roadsides of Saradha college, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India (study area 2). Thirteen plants were selected for the study from both study areas, to know the difference in their air pollution tolerance index. Standard protocols were adopted for the analysis of pH, ascorbic acid, total chlorophyll, relative water content, airpollution tolerance index. The air pollution tolerance index was high with Albizia saman 9.85 in study area 1 and Azadirachta indica 15.56 in study area 2. The chlorophyll content was moderately higher for the plants studied in study area 1 (0.82 to 2.45mg/g) and it was low for the plants in study area 2. (0.14 to 0.53mg/g). Likewise, ascorbic acid content was good with plants located in study area 2 compared to study area 1. The air pollution tolerance index was found to be 10.22 (Study area 1) for Psidium guajava, and 15.56 for Azadirachta indica (Study area 2). All the plants studied in both the locations were found to be sensitive to pollution.
Biochemical Parameters of selected Plants as Air Pollution Indicators
CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research - Zenodo, 2022
Air pollution is considered to be one of the major issues throughout the globe majorly in many developing cities like Hyderabad. Addressing this kind of pollution is more complicated than other ecological challenges. In present study is aimed at assessing the air pollution tolerant plant species from two different locations in Hyderabad city. The study was carried out by using commonly available eighteen selected plant species from polluted and control areas. Their Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) was determined by using biochemical parameters viz. pH, Ascorbic acid, Total Chlorophyll, and Relative Water Content (RWC) to calculate APTI by using the standard method. The present study reveals that the control site has more APTI than the polluted site. The lowest APTI was found in Hibiscus rosasinencis (5.24) whereas the highest APTI was found in Syzygium cumini (11.83). The minimum APTI reduction percentage compared to the control site was observed in Bougainvillea glabra (3.82%) and maximum in Pdilanthus tithimiloides (28.92%). Percentage of Reduction in APTI at polluted site showed that Pdilanthus tithimiloides (28.92%) > Casia fistula (28.75) > Pongamia pinneta (24.36%) > Senna auriculata (23.55%) > Lantana camara (23.15%) > Hibiscus rosasinencis (22.02%) > Tinospora cardifolia (17.00%) > Psidium guava (15.79%) > Mangifera indica 15.65%) > Albizia lebbeck (14.77%) > Catharanthus roseus (13.55%) >Azadirecta indica (13.00%) > Annona reticulata (12.47%) > Baliospermum solanifolium (6.71%) > Syzygium cumini (5.83%) > Couroupita guianensis (5.52%) > Ficus religiosa (5.65%) > Bougainvillea glabra (3.82%) were more sensitive tree species. The tolerant tree species can be served as a sink, and sensitive tree species can act as an indicator for air pollution moderation. Thus, this study provides valuable insight for selecting tolerant plant species for future planning and greenbelt development in and around the industrial regions of Hyderabad city. For reducing air pollution and improving the health of humans and environment.
Air quality Impacts on Anatomical and Biochemical Parameters
2020
Plant can act as an indicator of environmental pollution by changing its anatomical, biochemical and physiological features. This has been well recognized in the past. In our township, a case of study was undertaken to determine the extent of air pollution and its impact on some dominant local flora by studying their anatomical-biochemical features of leaves in a comparative manner. The total chlorophyll content, epidermal thickness, stomata length and breadth of the leaves were found to decrease while the leaf thickness, stomata frequency were found to increase in case of pollution stress plant with respect to control plant population of non polluted habitat. This indicates that the pollutants have imparted direct adverse effect on biochemical and anatomical make-up of the population stressed plant. In the present investigation a study was made to measure the level of primary air pollutants such as Suspended particulate matter (SPM), SO2 and NOx in different blocks (A,B,C & D) of o...
Australian Journal of Basic and Applied …, 2010
The present work deals with effects of ambient air O 3 on cultivated and non-cultivated plants species exhibited at Aljubail Industrial City by comparing exposed plants to ambient air in two polluted localities (high and low). Three cultivated (Bougainvillea spp., Nerium oleander, Tevetia neralfoia) and three non-cultivated plants species (Moltkiopsis ciliate, Heliotropium bacciferum and Zygophyllum album) were studied.Plant samples were collected from plants growing at these localities at three time periods; mid December 2006, February 2007 and April 2007. Complete monitoring of major gaseous air pollutants (O 3 , SO 2 , NO 2) during these periods was made Physiological parameters (sugars, pigments and antioxidant enzymes) for all plant samples were determined. Gradual increases in the concentration of air pollutants gases was found starting from August to May reaching high levels in August and September.O 3 concentrations at these months were three to four times the normal levels. At high polluted localities Ambient O 3 pollution lead to a significant decrease in total sugars, pigments and antioxidant enzymes activity in cultivated plants species. The results also showed that Bougainvillea spp. was more sensitive plant to O 3 pollution compared to other cultivated plant species, while in non cultivated Moltkiopsis ciliate was more resistance than other plants. This investigation concluded that ozone pollution is responsible for the plant damage in industrial cities of KSA.
EFFECT OF AIR POLLUTION ON PLANTS IN ULHASNAGAR GARDEN AREA AND AMBERNATH MIDC AREA
Bhumi Publishing, 2023
Air pollution is the one of most common factors for environmental degradation. Air is highly polluted due to industrialization and transportation resulting in increasing SO2 and NO2. Air pollution has harmful effects on human and plant health and their physiological activity. Plants play a major role in balancing the ecological System. Air pollution affect plant biochemical parameter like total chlorophyll content, relative water content, leaf extract pH, etc. The present study evaluates and compares these biochemical parameters of ten plants species growing in MIDC area of Ambernath and Garden area of Ulhasnagar. Ambernath MIDC area has been used as study area and Ulhasnagar Garden area has been used as control. Introduction: Pollution is caused due to human activity. Air is an essential resource for the substance of life and all organisms need clean air for their healthy growth and development (Rai et al., 2013). But today this air has become highly polluted due to industrialization and urbanization (Lohe et al., 2015). The major contributor to the air pollution problem is the transport sector. Air pollution affects the plant via leaf or indirectly via soil acidification. Air pollution affects plants physiologically like chlorophyll content, leaf size, stomata size or stomata number, etc. the chlorophyll content of the plant is important for photosynthetic activity as well as the growth and development of biomass. The air pollution tolerance index indicates the potential of vegetation to encounter air pollutants and all components of trees can be used as biomonitors. The plant species which are more sensitive acts as a biological indicator of air pollutants. The response of plants of air pollution at physiological and biochemical level can be understood by analyzing Some Biochemical Methods and Parameter Chlorophyll content, leaf extract pH, and Relative water content in leaf. The Ambernath MIDC area is an industrial and transport sector zone. This zone has many chemicals, textile, metal industries. Due to high rate of transportation plant suffer from abiotic stress and change their physiological activity. In this study, a comparative analysis was conducted to investigate the biochemical parameter of plants in the MIDC area and a garden area. The impact of various air pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and particulate matter on the plants was studied. The analysis was focused on the differences in tolerance index of plants growing in the MIDC area and garden area. Furthermore, the effects of air pollution on the growth and health of plants in the two locations was also studied. This study aims in understanding the effect of air pollution on plants.
Biochemical changes in plant leaves as a biomarker of pollution due to anthropogenic activity
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2011
The air pollution due to anthropogenic activities seriously affected human life, vegetation, and heritage as well. The vegetation cover in and around the city mitigates the air pollution by acting as a sink for pollution. An attempt was made to evaluate biochemical changes occurred in four selected plant species, namely Azadirachta indica, Mangifera indica, Delonix regia, and Cassia fistula of residential, commercial, and industrial areas of Nagpur city in India. It was observed that the correlated values of air pollutants and plant leaves characteristics alter foliar biochemical features (i.e., chlorophyll and ascorbic acid content, pH and relative water content) of plants due to air pollution. The changes in air pollution tolerance index of plants was also estimated which revealed that these plants can be used as a biomarker of air pollution.