Air quality Impacts on Anatomical and Biochemical Parameters (original) (raw)
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EFFECT OF AIR POLLUTION ON PLANTS IN ULHASNAGAR GARDEN AREA AND AMBERNATH MIDC AREA
Bhumi Publishing, 2023
Air pollution is the one of most common factors for environmental degradation. Air is highly polluted due to industrialization and transportation resulting in increasing SO2 and NO2. Air pollution has harmful effects on human and plant health and their physiological activity. Plants play a major role in balancing the ecological System. Air pollution affect plant biochemical parameter like total chlorophyll content, relative water content, leaf extract pH, etc. The present study evaluates and compares these biochemical parameters of ten plants species growing in MIDC area of Ambernath and Garden area of Ulhasnagar. Ambernath MIDC area has been used as study area and Ulhasnagar Garden area has been used as control. Introduction: Pollution is caused due to human activity. Air is an essential resource for the substance of life and all organisms need clean air for their healthy growth and development (Rai et al., 2013). But today this air has become highly polluted due to industrialization and urbanization (Lohe et al., 2015). The major contributor to the air pollution problem is the transport sector. Air pollution affects the plant via leaf or indirectly via soil acidification. Air pollution affects plants physiologically like chlorophyll content, leaf size, stomata size or stomata number, etc. the chlorophyll content of the plant is important for photosynthetic activity as well as the growth and development of biomass. The air pollution tolerance index indicates the potential of vegetation to encounter air pollutants and all components of trees can be used as biomonitors. The plant species which are more sensitive acts as a biological indicator of air pollutants. The response of plants of air pollution at physiological and biochemical level can be understood by analyzing Some Biochemical Methods and Parameter Chlorophyll content, leaf extract pH, and Relative water content in leaf. The Ambernath MIDC area is an industrial and transport sector zone. This zone has many chemicals, textile, metal industries. Due to high rate of transportation plant suffer from abiotic stress and change their physiological activity. In this study, a comparative analysis was conducted to investigate the biochemical parameter of plants in the MIDC area and a garden area. The impact of various air pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and particulate matter on the plants was studied. The analysis was focused on the differences in tolerance index of plants growing in the MIDC area and garden area. Furthermore, the effects of air pollution on the growth and health of plants in the two locations was also studied. This study aims in understanding the effect of air pollution on plants.
Harmful effects of air pollutants in biochemical parameters of plants
Res. Environ. Life Sci., 2008
Variations in biochemical parameters can be used as indicators of air pollution. Analysis data reveals that TSPM and RSPM level was exponentially higher during winter and summer season. The concentration of SO2 and NOx was greatly influenced by the automobile emission. Higher concentration was found in commercial area while NOx concentration was found higher than SO2. Higher level of pheophytin reduction was found in winter season in all the plant species, when the pollution level was high. The average pheophytin content in plant leaves all the location showed that values were higher than chlorophyll content, which indicates the conversion of chlorophyll to pheophytin or reduced biosynthesis. Protein content was found reduce in both plants species, and the maximum reduction was found in plants at commercial locations where the pollution level was comparatively high. An increase in POD activity was observed at commercial location ion comparison to residential locations. This study observed that at commercial locations and in winter season, stress on plants was higher.
Effect of Air Pollution on the Anatomy Some Tropical Plants
Applied Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2014
The problem of impact of air pollutants on vegetation is quite complex. Our knowledge on the impact of air pollutants on different plant species comes largely from the morphological and physiological investigations. The effects of pollutants on different tropical plants have conceived relatively little attention than the tropical animals. The observations recorded in the present study on the extent of circumference of shoot axis, cortex area, pith, xylem area, fibre length, and the number of stomata/field of Abutilon indicum G.Don, Croton sparsiflorus Morong and Cassia occidentalis Linn. has clearly indicated that air pollutants emitted from the clay industry and automobile exhaust exercised a decisive influence on the above parameters. A statistical analysis of the data obtained from the study showed a significant reduction in circumference of shoot axis and xylem area of the plants. But cortex and pith areas did not show any significant variation between the control and the polluted samples.
Physiological Responses of Some Tree Species to Air Pollution Stress around Bhadravathi Town, India
Monitoring the effects of air pollutants on vegetation is very important to assess their possible damage to natural vegetation and crop plants. In this sense, ambient air quality monitoring was carried out during 2006-2008 at five sampling sites of Bhadravathi town. The concentration of suspended particulate matter was higher (41.02-236.56 μg/m 3) than the concentration of nitrogen oxides (4.15-19.69 μg/m 3) and sulfur dioxide (1.90-13.23 μg/m 3). Four tree species (Polyalthia longifoia, Mangifera indica, Pongamia pinnata and Acacia auriculiformis) were selected to determine the effect of air pollution; the tested trees showed variation in biochemical parameters between sampling sites. The reduction in the range of ascorbic acid (1.80-4.99 mg/g of tissue), pH (5.2-6.5), relative water content (49-79%) and total chlorophyll content (1.39-2.77 mg/g of tissue) in tested trees at sampling sites versus trees at control site was significant. The variation among the biochemical parameters in the leaves of tested trees was directly attributed to the air pollution at Bhadravathi town.
Impacts of Air Pollution on Human Health, Plant and Vegetation
The subject has long been a matter of concern since the industrialization of the country brought in its pollution hazards. The present exposure to the environmental chemicals is more likely to produce toxicity that adult exposure. Subtle functional deviations in the off-springs of exposed mothers may be one of the most sensitive indications of potential harm from environmental chemicals. The air pollutants contaminate air, water and soil, corrode materials, dirty buildings and clothing, harm plants and wild life and affect human health. To determine that an environmental change is going to be unfavorable requires a careful study of ecological system, known as the ecosystem. In an ecosystem the living organisms are inter-related and well-adjusted to their environment, comprising biotic components of plants, animals and microbes. The correlation between growth transitions of green plants, which grow outdoors and are continuously exposed to pollutants, and pollutant concentrations have helped decipher pollution zones. These zones extend in the direction of the prevailing wind, assuming an elliptic shape; the axis of the ellipse being oriented from south-west to north-east direction with the pollution source at the south-west end. In such instances the north-east extension of the ellipse penetrates deep into the natural and rural habitats.
Air pollution has become a serious environmental concern which is a major problem of Kathmandu Valley. The plants growing along the roadsides of the Kathmandu are under stress. The dust depositions on the leaves of shrubs were adversely affected by air pollution. It was found that dust particles affect leaf biochemical parameters which have changes micro-morphological symptoms. The study deals visible changes in the micro-morphological structure like specific leaf area, size of stomata, the thickness of epidermis and cuticle of leaves of Ageratina adenophora and Lantana camara investigated under polluted and control site (relatively less polluted area) of Kathmandu valley. Results showed that the plant species growing in a polluted site exhibited the significant reduction in the size of stomata, a thickness of the epidermal layer, a thickness of cuticle and the specific leaf area but the density of stomata increases in the polluted site as compared to the control site. Reduction in various parameters of two shrub species studied at three sites clearly indicates the deleterious effect of air pollution on plant health. It is concluded that vehicular emission had a significant effect on micro-morphological changes.
Impact of solid waste burning air pollution on some physio-anatomical characteristics of some plants
Pakistan Journal of Botany, 2015
Present study evaluated the effect of solid waste burning pollution on carbohydrate, stomata and chlorophyll contents of seven different plant species. Leaf samples of Artemisia maritima L., Fraxinus excelsior L., Amaranthus viridis L., Cynodon dactylon L., Chenopodium album L., Robinia pseudoacacia L., and Sophora mollis (Royle) Baker, growing in the (1m, 500m and 1000m distance) vicinity of burning points at residential colony, University of Baluchistan Quetta were collected. Results revealed that the carbohydrate, chlorophyll ‘a and b’ and total chlorophyll contents in the leaves of selected plant species were found to be significantly low at 1m distance, but as the distance from the source of pollution increased (500m & 1000m) these contents increased accordingly. Generally the percentage of completely and partially clogged stomata was found higher near the pollution source (1m distance). The percentage of open stomata in all investigated plant species was noticed lower near the...
Assessment of common plant parameters as biomarkers of air pollution
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2019
Air pollution is a very serious current environmental issue of human society. Large parts of countries, especially the densely populated cities, having high vehicular movement, industries, and factories, are worst affected. Biomarkers are changes in plant parameters that help in easy assessment of the environmental quality of an area at a certain time. Plants can react to different environmental stresses with the most evident responses shown by the leaves. In the present work, we have studied changes in biochemical parameters in the leaves of a mango plant (Mangifera indica), a very common plant in West Bengal, India, which were collected from four different locations in the city of Kolkata which has a high concentration of air pollutants and one control area from a rural region having a low concentration of air pollutants. It was observed that leaves which were exposed to high amounts of harmful air pollutants showed higher accumulation of molecules such as phenol, proline, malondialdehyde, and cellulose with lower amounts of chlorophyll. From this, we can observe that common environmental stress such as air pollution leads to a change in the synthesis of bioactive molecules to resist the effect of stress on the plant. Thus, from these data, it can be concluded that biochemical parameters can serve as efficient biomarkers of the air quality of an area.