Performance of Biocarbon based Electrodes for Electrochemical Capacitor (original) (raw)
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Modified Biomass Carbons for Electrochemical Capacitor Electrodes
2020
The demand for energy storage devices has led to the increased development of costeffective and sustainable electrode materials for electrochemical capacitors (ECs). This project investigated low-cost biomass waste pinecone to produce activated carbon (AC) and biochar in comparison with commercial coconut shell-based AC (YP-50F) as EC electrode materials. Pinecone-based AC produced via KOH chemical activation demonstrated a gravimetric capacitance of 214 F g-1 (at 50 mV s-1 in acidic media). Biochar (Flashed pinecone) synthesized without KOH showed a good capacitive performance at the same rate. Nitrogen doping was used to introduce pseudocapacitance in both ACs and led to an improvement in gravimetric capacitance at 50 mV s-1 for doped YP-50F (154 F g
Binder-less activated carbon electrode from gelam wood for use in supercapacitors
Journal of Electrochemical Science and Engineering, 2013
This work focused on the relation between the porous structure of activated carbon and its capacitive properties. Three types of activated carbon monoliths were used as the electrodes in a half cell electrochemical system. One monolith was produced from activated carbon and considered to be a binder-less electrode. Two others were produced from acid and high pressure steam oxidized activated carbon. The micrographs clearly indicate that three electrodes have different porous structures. Both porosity and surface area of carbons increased due to the formation of grains during oxidation. This fact specified that an acid oxidized carbon monolith will have relatively higher capacitance compared to non-oxidized and steam oxidized monoliths. Maximum capacitance values for acid, steam oxidized and non-oxidized electrodes were 27.68, 2.23 and 1.20 F g-1 , respectively.
A series of polymer electrolyte based on poly(vinyl alcohol), lithium perchlorate (LiClO 4 ), and antimony trioxide (Sb 2 O 3 ) was prepared via solution casting technique with distilled water as solvent. The dielectric behavior study reveals the non-Debye properties of the polymer electrolytes. In frequency dependence conductivity measurement, dispersion at low frequency was due to the interfacial resistance and space charge polarization inside the polymer electrolytes. The linear sweep voltammetry has proven that the incorporation of Sb 2 O 3 into polymer matrix increases the maximum operational potential region. Electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) based on activated carbon electrode assembled with solid polymer electrolyte and composite polymer electrolyte has been evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge technique. CV test disclosed rectangular shapes with slight distortion, and there is no evidence for any redox currents on both anodic and cathodic sweeps, which indicates the typical behavior of EDLC. Both EDLC cells demonstrate good cyclability throughout 200 cycles with specific capacitance retention more than 90 %.
Biomass stemmed activated carbon electrodes toward a significant electric double-layer capacitor
Materials for Renewable and Sustainable Energy
The primary goal of the current study is to improve the specific capacitance of electric double-layer (EDLC) device using biomass (Tribulus Terrestris) derived activated carbon electrodes synthesized by chemical activation method. Furthermore, high surface area carbon electrodes are characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), RAMAN spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to confirm the morphological structure. Finally, the electrochemical performance of fabricated EDLC proves a good agreement data using Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Low Impedance Spectroscopy (LIS), and Galvanostatic Charge–Discharge (GCD) analysis showing the high specific capacitance of 115 Fg−1 for the optimized 1:2 activated carbon material.
Biomass- Derived Carbon Electrodes for Electrochemical Double- Layer Capacitors
Advances and Applications, 2014
Waste biomass from agricultural and food production processes can be used to prepare activated carbons with high surface area for energy storage in electrochemical double layer capacitors. The activation process and biomass carbon source can be selected to influence the pore structure and heteroatom content (for example, nitrogen and oxygen) of the activated carbon product. In this chapter, we review the effect of carbon pore structure and the effects of heteroatoms on the capacitance of carbon electrodes, and compare the electrochemical performance of activated carbons prepared from three biomass wastes: coffee waste, sawdust and sugar cane bagasse, popcorn and sucrose (as a refined carbon source). 5.1 CARBONS FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL DOUBLE LAYER CAPACITORS Electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLCs), also known as supercapacitors, are a promising energy storage technology for applications where high power density and long-cycle life are required. These applications include auxiliary power supplies in fuel cell vehicles, systems to recover energy dissipated during a train braking, consumer electronics and memory backup systems, and energy
Waste and Biomass Valorization
Activated carbon (AC) was obtained from three different plant biomass wastes sources (coconut shell, pine cones and rice husk) via hydrothermal treatment followed by carbonization at 800 °C for different times. The morphological and structural characteristics of the transformed carbon material revealed a highly disordered graphitic carbon composed of a porous network with energy storage capability. The mixed-assembly type cells fabricated from the best samples based on specific capacitance from the single electrode tests exhibited electric double layer capacitance (EDLC) behaviour in all sample combinations using all the three transformed activated carbon materials. The mixed-assembly device worked comfortably in a voltage window of 1.5 V in neutral aqueous electrolyte. A specific capacitance (CS) of ∼110 F g-1 was obtained with a corresponding energy density of 8.5 W h kg-1 and power density of 380 W kg-1 at a current density of 0.5 A g-1 for the PC_RH device An excellent stability was exhibited with a coulombic efficiency of a 99.7% and capacitance retention of 80% after 10000 continuous cycling at 5.0 A g-1. Furthermore, subjecting the PC_RH mixed device to a floating test for ∼48 h (2 days) at its optimum voltage (1.5 V) revealed retention in the capacitance value to more than 50% its initial value with still no recorded device failure. Remarkably, the asymmetric design showed a potential for adopting EDLC materials of different carbon sources in order to capture the entire properties for efficient and stable energy storage devices.
Journal of The Electrochemical Society
Biocarbon monoliths were obtained from Eucalyptus grandis and the influence of wood anisotropy on the electrical and electrochemical performance as supercapacitor electrodes was studied. They were produced from wood pieces cut along the transversal and longitudinal direction of the tree trunk, followed by pyrolysis and, for some of them, also by activation with CO2. Monoliths with drilled channels were also obtained. All the monoliths were characterized by SEM, nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms, electrical conductivity measurements and electrochemical measurements, the latter in 2M aqueous H2SO4 electrolyte. Electrical conductivity and specific capacitance are higher for the transversal carbon monoliths than for the longitudinal ones. The electrical conductivity reaches values up to 27 S cm−1 for the transversal monolith. The specific capacitance reaches values up to 260 F g−1 for the transversal monolith that was activated and drilled. However, the highest volumetric capacit...
Materials, 2019
Activated carbons prepared by chemical activation from three different types of waste woods were treated with four agents: melamine, ammonium carbamate, nitric acid, and ammonium persulfate, for the introduction of nitrogen and oxygen groups on the surface of materials. The results indicate that the presence of the heteroatoms enhances the capacitance, energy density, and power density of all samples. The samples treated with ammonium persulfate show the maximum of capacitance of 290 F g−1 while for the melamine, ammonium carbamate, and nitric acid treatments, the samples reached the maximum capacitances values of 283, 280, and 455 F g−1 respectively. This remarkable electro-chemical performance, as the high specific capacitances can be due to several reasons: i) The excellent and adequate textural characteristics makes possible a large adsorption interface for electrolyte to form the electrical double layer, leading to a great electrochemical double layer capacitance. ii) The dopin...
Comparison between Electrochemical Capacitors Based on NaOH-and KOH-Activated Carbons†
Energy & …, 2010
This work describes the chemical activation of a coke using two different activating agents to investigate their behavior as electrodes in supercapacitors. A coke was chemically activated with two hydroxides (KOH and NaOH) under nitrogen flow, at a constant mass hydroxide/coke ratio of 2 and temperatures of 600, 650, and 700 °C. All of the samples were characterized in terms of porosity by N2 sorption at 77 K, surface chemistry by temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), and electrical conductivity. Their electrochemical behavior as electric double-layer capacitors was determined using galvanostatic, voltammetric, and impedance spectroscopy techniques in an aqueous medium with 1 M H2SO4 as the electrolyte. Large differences in capacitive behavior with the increase in the current density were found between the two series of activated samples. The different trends were correlated with the results obtained from the TPD analysis of the CO-type oxygen groups. It was found that these oxyg...