Causative agents and antimicrobial susceptibilities of urinary tract infections in the northwest of Iran (original) (raw)
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IP Innovative Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2018
Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most prevalent diseases affecting people of all age groups i.e. from neonate to geriatric age group. Widespread use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of resistant microorganisms. As the antibiogram of the microorganisms are frequently changing hence the present study was done to analyze the recent antibiotic sensitivity pattern of uropathogens in urinary tract infection. Materials and Methods: In present study is a retrospective analysis of culture results of urine samples, was conducted at Microbiology department of tertiary health care hospital in Mumbai. The age & sex of patients, the organism isolated and also the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were collected from the laboratory registers using a standard data collection form. Results: The overall prevalence of UTI was 33.54% of which 66.78% were females and 33.22% were from males. High prevalence was observed in females as compared to males (2:1). Though the overall prevalence was high in old aged (>45 years) patients, in females high prevalence was seen among middle-aged (31 to 45 years) patients and in male high prevalence was seen among old age (>45 years) patients. From total 584 uropathogens, E.coli (53.77%) was the commonest isolate causing UTI followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (27.40%). The most effective antimicrobial agents in our study were Meropenem, gentamicin, Nitrofurantoin and Cotrimoxazole whereas higher resistance was observed among Fluoroquinolones, Amoxicillin and third generation Cephalosporins, these are the drugs which are commonly given emperically for UTI. Conclusion: As drug resistance among bacterial pathogens is vary with time to time regular surveillance and monitoring is necessary for giving updated information to physician for most effective empirical treatment of UTIs. Keywords: Urinary tract infection, Prevalence, Antibiotics resistance, Uropathogenes.
Alterations in antibiotic susceptibility of urinary tract infection pathogens
Journal of Nephropathology, 2012
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the third most common infection in human. In a study on 32600 ambulatory patients' urine samples from six laboratories, E. coli, Kelebsiella and Enterobacter were the most common pathogens. E. coli and other isolates were more sensitive to Gentamicin, Amikacin and Ciprofloxacin compared to the other antibiotics tested and therefore these may be the drugs of choice for the empiric treatment of community-acquired UTI in our region.
Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Bacteria Responsible for Urinary Tract Infection ( Uti ) *
2018
The urinary tract infection is most commonly caused by gram-negative bacilli in the family Enterobacteriaceae and usually belongs to genera Escherichia, Proteus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Pseudomonas. The study was aimed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility profile of bacteria responsible for urinary tract infection (UTI). A total of 50 samples were collected from UTI patients attending urology clinic of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano for period of 6 month from December 2016 to May, 2017. Each of each urine sample was streaked using a sterilized platinum wire loop onto the surface of freshly prepared MacConkey and Nutrient agar plates for isolation and the isolates were identified using laboratory methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The result indicated that Escherichia coli are the most prevalent organism with total 47 occurrences accounting for 24.23%, followed by Staphylococcus aureus with total of 39 isola...
International Journal of Enteric Pathogens, 2015
Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial diseases. The etiological agents and emergence of antimicrobial resistance UTIs vary according to time and geographical region. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of etiological agents of UTIs and determine their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern to locally available antibiotics. Patients and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted within six months on all patients with clinical symptoms of UTI who referred to Nemazee Teaching hospital, Shiraz, Iran. Clean catch midstream urine samples were collected and cultured on appropriate media in a short time as possible. Conventional bacteriological methods were followed for the isolation and identification of the bacteria. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were determined by locally available antibiotics by using disk diffusion method in accordance with CLSI recommendation. Results: In this study, from overall 9991 specimens analyzed 848 (8.5%) culture had significant bacterial growth. Of the total positive cultures, 500 (59%) cases were female. Escherichia coli (50.6%) was the predominant gram-negative isolated pathogen followed by Klebsiella spp. and Enterobacter spp., respectively. Enterococcus isolates (11.2%) was the most isolated gram-positive cocci. Nitrofurantoin (80.9%), gentamycin (77.9%) and amikacin (65.3%) had the most in-vitro antibacterial effect on E. coli isolates as the predominant cause of UTIs. Conclusions: The results of regional assessments, such as our study, provide not only useful information for prescription of more effective empirical therapy, but also good epidemiological background for comparison of our situation with other regions.
Iranian Journal of Microbiology, 2020
Background and Objectives: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common infection affects people of different ages. It is important to explore the antibiotics susceptibility of the bacterial agents to improve the empirical antibacterial prescription because of emerging of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective observational study including 322 patients with UTI at the largest hospital at the center of Al-Basrah Governorate in the far south of Iraq from August 2018 to November 2019. Bacterial isolates from urine samples with significant bacteria were investigated by automated VITEK® 2 compact system to determine the causative bacteria and their antibiotics susceptibility. Results: Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the first and second most frequent Gram-negative isolates, whereas Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Enterococcus faecalis were the first and second most frequent Gram-positive isolates. Fosfomycin, tigecycline, colistin...
Introduction: Urinary tract infection is most important cause of mortality and morbidity in this world affecting all age groups. Resistance to antibiotic is highly prevalent in bacterial isolates all over the world particularly in developing countries and is evolving and growing problem in UTI. Methodology: The study was conducted at ALKA Hospital, Lalitpur from February to November, 2013. Urine samples were collected and cultured; the culture positive isolates were subjected for antibiotic susceptibility testing by modified Kirby Bauer Method. Results: E. coli was found the most predominant organisms followed by Klebsiella pneumonia. Gram negative bacilli showed best susceptibility towards nitrofurantoin followed by gentamicin whereas ampicillin was found out to be the least effective drug. Cloxacillin was found to be the most effective followed by nitrofurantoin against gram positive bacteria. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in 66.3% of total bacterial isolates. Conclusion...
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Urinary Tract Infection Causing Human Pathogenic Bacteria
The present study aimed to ascertain the current situation of antimicrobial resistance of Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) caused by human pathogens. 10 midstream urine samples were collected from adult patients were analyzed for Multidrug Resistant (MDR) strain isolation and identified. The MDR strains were identified by the Kerby Bauer method following the definition of the National Committee of Clinical Laboratory Standards. This result was clear that E. coli was the predominant pathogen (31.5%) causing UTI, followed by Staphylococcus aureus (20.5%), Klebsiella pneumonia (15.8%), Proteus mirabilis (7.4%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7.5%). The percentages of resistance of all isolates to the antimicrobial agents were: 83.3% to SXT, 80.6% to Nalidixic acid, 67.3% to Amoxycillin, 61% to Cotrimoxazole, 48.8% to Gentamycin, 46% to ciprofloxacin and 43% to cephalexin. Isolated UTI strains were tested for susceptibility against antibiotics, few of the antibiotics were sensitive, but most...
Iranian Journal of Public Health, 2014
Antibiotic resistance among uropathogens is emerging public health problem. This study was done for assessing antibiotic and multidrug resistance (MDR) patterns of Escherichia coli at Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, among suspected urinary tract infection (UTI) patients from January to March, 2011. Altogether, 739 urine samples were analysed by semi-quantitative culture method and uropathogens were identified by conventional methods. E. coli was tested (109 samples) for antimicrobial susceptibility by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method as per Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Out of 739 samples, 27.3% gave significant growth while 3.1% and 29.2% samples gave mixed and non-significant growth respectively. E. coli was found to be most predominant isolate (54.0%) followed by coagulase negative Staphylococci (CoNS) (21.3%) and Enterococcus spp. (7.3%). Nitrofurantoin was found to be the most effective antibiotic followed by ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin while cephalexin was least effective. Out of 109 E. coli isolates, 90.8% were MDR strains and most of the isolates had a very high multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index, suggesting the origin of the isolates to be of high antibiotic usage. E. coli showed higher rate of resistance towards commonly used oral antibiotics. However, nitrofurantoin is still active against organisms. Thus, nitrofurantoin could be the choice for empirical therapy of UTI.
International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences and Technology, 2015
The study of the UTI causative pathogens in a region and their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents is mandatory to determine the empirical therapy. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of microorganisms causing UTI and to study their antimicrobial susceptibility in Duhok. 141 urine samples were collected from UTI patients from January to December 2014. Bacterial isolates were identified and their susceptibility to different antibiotics was determined by the Vitek-2 system. The gender distribution of UTI was 68.79 %(97/141) in women and 31.2%(44/141) in men. The prevalence of Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria were 52.48% (74/141), 47.51% (67/141) respectively. The highest infection was by Escheria. coli 74.32% (55/74), Staphylococcus haemolyticus 23.88%(16/67), and Enterococcus faecalis 23.38%(15/67). Gram-negative isolates were susceptible to Aminoglycosides and Carbapenems. While Gram-positive bacterial isolates showed sensitivity to vancomycin, linezolid, tigecycline and nitrofurans. Most isolates were resistant to penicillin group. Gram-negative isolates showed a heavy resistance to cefuroxime, while Gram-positive isolates were resistant to erythromycin and tetracycline.Therefore, we conclude thatE. coli and Int. J. Pure Appl. Sci. Technol., 30(2) (2015), 54-63 55 Staphylococcus haemolyticus were the most prevalent isolated uropathogens in Duhok. Susceptibility test showed resistance to penicillins, cefuroxime, erythromycin and tetracycline. Such results should be considered before deciding the empirical treatment of bacterial UTI.
Escherichia coli as uropathogen: antibiotic susceptibility profiling
International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 2018
Background: Empirically chosen antibiotics based on the local resistance pattern of uropathogens remain the principle treatment of urinary tract infections (UTI).Methods: Antibiogram of most frequent uropathogen was determined. Based on the antibiogram result, authors compared effectiveness of drugs recommended for UTI by National centre for disease control (NCDC), India, and assessed age and gender based variability in the effectiveness of these drugs.Results: 1278 urine samples were accounted, of which 405 samples showed significant growth. E. coli was the most common uropathogen (n=146, 36%) followed by enterococcus species (31%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (10%). Using McNemar’s test authors found that nitrofurantoin (90% sensitivity) was statistically the most effective drug among drugs recommended by NCDC for uncomplicated cystitis. Furthermore, authors used Fisher’s exact test on adults and paediatrics and found that significant difference in effectiveness was observed for nitr...