A Simplified Procedure for Calculating Cooling Tower Performance (original) (raw)

Experimental Study of the Performance of Cooling Tower

Cooling tower is an essential component of air conditioning plant, chemical plant etc. It is used to reduce the temperature of hot water stream by using outside air and thus heat is rejected to atmosphere .This paper includes the working principle of cooling tower and a set up is fabricated and various parameters related to cooling tower is calculated i.e. range, approach, effectiveness and evaporation loss. Validation of practical model is done using empirical relation. Various equations i.e. Modified Apjohn equation, Modified Ferrel equation and Carrier equation are provided. Carrier equation is used for determining vapour pressure and thus humidity ratio and finally which can be used to determine evaporation loss.

Analysis Studying For Improving Cooling Tower

Kirkuk University Journal-Scientific Studies, 2016

The present investigation includes a detailed study of the proposed equation for counter flow wet cooling tower using Merkel and Poppe models to show the difference and solutions techniques of the proposed models. A mathematical model has been suggested to construct computer software MATLB R2013 program for simulation of natural draft wet cooling tower for summer (hot and dry) and winter (cold and wet) weather according to Iraqi weather. The fill height changed from (0.2-1.4)m at different water inlet temperature (37 ، 40 ، 45) o C and constant mass flow rate of air .It was found that the range of cooling increases when the fill is high and the cooling range ,relative humidity ,cooling approach ,air temperature change are higher at winter than at summer while the effectiveness and enthalpy change show higher value at summer than winter. Also the mass flow rate of water changed from(1-7.5) kg/s with water inlet temperature 45 o C with constant fill height 1.2 m the result obtained show that tower range ، air temperature change ,are higher in winter than at summer where the enthalpy change and effectiveness show higher values at summer than at winter which matches with the other experimental researches.

Studies on Thermal Performance Analysis on Cooling Towers -A Review

Journal of Advanced Mechanical Sciences, 2022

Cooling towers have been in use for different industrial applications for many years. These are a particular class of heat exchangers where industrial process water comes in contact with coolant air, enabling efficient heat rejection from circulating fluid-usually water. There have been many research attempts to improve the overall thermal performance of these systems to develop optimum working methodologies and address current systems' issues. This literature review is done to find out the various thermal performance analysis studies done on various industrial cooling towers.

Studies and Experimentation on Cooling Towers: A Review

2015

Cooling tower is one of the important utility in chemical industries. Normally they are used to dissipate heat from heat sources to heat sink. The cooling of hot effluent and process water is required from reuse and environmental point of view. Induced, forced and natural draft cooling towers are used according to the requirements in industries. Natural draft cooling towers use atmospheric air. In forced draft cooling air is forced into the tower using blower. In induced draft cooling towers, air is sucked from other end. The water cooling happens because of humidification of air. The heat lost by water is heat gained by air. Water recirculation is also important aspect in the cooling towers. The effectiveness of cooling tower depends on flow rates of air and water and water temperature. Minimization of heat loss is one of the important aspect of studies carried out by various investigators. The interfacial area between air and water is also crucial factor in cooling towers. Three types of packings used in cooling towers are film, splash and film-grid packings. Also it was observed that drift is one of the important losses in cooling towers. Various shapes of cooling towers are tried by various investigators to study effectiveness. Hyperbolic shape was advantageous due to higher area at bottom. It provides aerodynamics, strength, and stability. The present review is aimed at summarizing studies and research on cooling tower for increasing efficiency and power savings to make it more economical and efficient.

Effective Thermal Design Of Cooling Towers

Various misconceptions arise when it comes to the thermal design of cooling towers. Sometimes related parameters, such as range, approach, effectiveness, liquid-to-gas ratio ( L/G), wet-bulb temperature, cooling water temperature, relative humidity, number of transfer units (NTU) and other terms create a confusion for the designer in effectively sizing, selecting and evaluating a particular cooling tower. This leads to inadequate design.

A comprehensive approach to cooling tower design

Applied thermal engineering, 2001

In this paper, a mathematical model for a counter¯ow wet cooling tower is derived, which is based on one-dimensional heat and mass balance equations using the measured heat transfer coecient. The balance equations are solved numerically to predict the temperature change of air and water, as well as the humidity as a function of the cooling tower high. Experimental measurements on two pilot-scale cooling towers were carried out in order to analyze the performance of dierent cooling tower ®lling materials. Also, the performance of other cooling tower elements, such as droplet separators and water spray nozzles, was investigated in the pilot experiments. The¯ow distribution, i.e. the velocity ®eld, upstream to the ®lling material was predicted using the three-dimensional version of the computational¯uid dynamics (CFD) code Fluent/UNS UNS, version 4.2. The calculated¯ow ®elds are presented for dierent distances between the inlet of the air and the ®lling material. In addition, the two-dimensional version of the CFD code Fluent/ UNS UNS , version 4.2, was applied to predict the external air¯ow around the cooling tower and the back¯ow in dierent weather conditions in summer and winter. The research project was carried out in connection to an industrial cooling tower installation. Ó

ANALYSIS AND PERFORMANCE TEST ON COOLING TOWER

Journal ijetrm , 2024

The primary objective of the study is to analyse the aerodynamic loads exerted on the cooling tower through wind analysis. This examination aims to comprehend the impact of aerodynamic forces on the structural integrity and stability of the cooling tower. Furthermore, the study encompasses thermal and fluid dynamic analyses to evaluate the heat dissipating rate from the cooling tower. The research considers the variables of heat exchanger temperature and air mass flow rate to comprehensively understand the heat dissipation process. By varying these parameters, the researchers aim to assess their influence on the efficiency of heat dissipation and optimize the cooling tower's performance. overall, this study contributes to advancing understanding in the field of thermal power generation by providing insights into the aerodynamic behaviour and thermal performance of cooling towers. The findings derived from this research could potentially inform the design and operation of cooling systems in thermal power stations, thereby enhancing their efficiency and sustainability.

Numerical Investigation of Cooling Tower Performance under Constant Heat Load

Engineering Research Journal - Faculty of Engineering (Shoubra)

Cooling towers play a vital role in many large-scale process applications, and any decline in their performance has a considerable effect on the underlying process. It is known that the efficiency of a power plant is greatly affected by the temperature difference of the condenser. The objective of this paper was to produce cooling tower design recommendations and considerations that would prevent negative impacts and ensure stable and efficient operation. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to examine the components that contribute to cooling tower performance, using steady-state simulations and average weather data from the Egyptian Meteorological Authority. Air flow patterns in and around cooling towers were predicted using computational fluid dynamics. The current study includes a numerical analysis of the performance of the cooling tower at different wind speeds and heights of the cooling tower above the ground. This study found that some wind speeds have a negative effect and others have a positive effect, and the height of the cooling tower above the ground has a positive effect on the performance of the tower.