Interpreting journalism (original) (raw)
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Follow-ups and interpreter-mediated discourse
2012
This paper is part of ongoing research into the role of translation and interpreting in political discourse. It illustrates what effects interpreter-mediated discourse can have on role construction and on the positioning of politicians. The data come from international press conferences and interviews. It is argued that multiple and multilingual data reveal the complexity of follow-ups in interpreter-mediated encounters. The paper also illustrates how further recontextualisation processes which occur in the transfer of press conferences to news reports result in additional shifts in the positioning of politicians.
A Comparative Critical Discourse Analysis of Interpretive Journalism: Pegida
2015
Language reflects more than our knowledge of grammar and lexis. The language we choose to use reflects what we know about a situation, its participants, and context. Our choice also shows how we relate to that particular situation, participants, and context. And finally, the way the information flows connecting our knowledge and stance regarding the situation, and the different modes we choose to present our views– whether it be through conversation, song, reports, commentaries, speeches or any other mode of communication – has a direct impact on how we present the information and on how our listeners interpret our meaning. These are the three meta-functions of language: the first – ideational, the second – interpersonal, and the third – textual. Accordingly, language is social. Halliday and other functional linguistics see language as a social phenomenon which reflects society in the way it is used (Halliday, 2013). The study and analysis of how discourse reflects negative aspects of society such as abuse of power, crisis, inequalities, or discrimination is known as critical discourse analysis (CDA). CDA provides social criticism based on linguistic usage. The methods and theoretical framework for CDA are particularly varied, dependent upon the interests of the analyst. This heterogeneity has also been supported by the primary developers of this discourse analysis method (De Cillia, Reisigl & Wodak 1999: 7; Meyer, 2001: 30). Systemic-functional linguistics (SFL) provides primary tools to structure many CDA approaches. SFL has essentially developed linguistic parameters to look at cohesive structures within discourse semantics, as well as organizational structures relating the organization of language to the organization of social context concerning the three meta-functions of language (Martin, 2002: 54-56). This study combines CDA and SFL to examine the relatively new xenophobic protest movement called Pegida which has come in the wake of a larger than normal wave of foreigners seeking asylum in Germany. Pegida claims to represent the views of a sizable group of people who are against multiculturalism in Germany. Three of their main concerns are the large number of asylum seekers in Germany, Islamists within Germany, and the marginalization of Germans inside their own country (Neumann, 2015). Since October 2014, Pegida has organized rallies on a weekly basis which protests in general against migrants and asylum seekers, and particularly against Muslims. These rallies began with just a few hundred people in October 2014, peaked on January 12, 2015 with between 18,000-25,000 attendees according to various reports, and continue on today, with ca. 1500 protesters at the most recent protest in August 2015.
Different Perspectives in Translation Studies, 2019
Translation is a very old and significant phenomenon which is essential for communication, interaction and mutual understanding between different cultures around the world. It has been academically discussed and studied for years, and its scientific methodology and understanding have undergone many changes which could be called as ‘turns’ (linguistic turn, cultural turn and ‘social’ turn) until today, in accordance with the changing dynamics in the world. However, Translation Studies (TS) became an independent discipline just in 1970s. Within today’s academic understanding and perspective, TS, particularly Descriptive-Explanatory Translation Studies (DETS), evaluates and analyzes translations (both as products and processes) and all agents involved in translation process ranging from translators to editors, clients, publishing houses, to receptors in a socio-cultural framework, which takes power relations, ideologies, patronage and norms in the source and/or target language/culture into consideration. On the other hand, Discourse Analysis (DA) studies the reciprocal and dialectic relationship between discourse, namely text and talk, and social structures, such as power relations and ideologies. It has adopted a critical perspective in time and became Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). Therefore, in this paper, it is demonstrated that DETS and CDA are related with one another regarding the socio-cultural/political context governing the text production and reception processes. Key words: Translation Studies, Descriptive Translation Studies, Discourse Analysis, Critical Discourse Analysis, norms, ideology, power relations, socio-cultural framework
Politics, (con)text and genre: applying CDA and DHA to interpreter training
This study proposes the application of a number of important tenets from Critical Discourse Analysis, specifically the Discourse-Historical Approach, to interpreter studies and training. It recognizes the crucial distinctions of text, discourse and genre in the sphere of politics and proposes a multi-layered interdisciplinary model of context to analyze source texts. The application of the model is illustrated on three political speeches that share the pro-active discourse of climate change.
Unknown agents in translated political discourse
Target, 2012
This article investigates the role of translation and interpreting in political discourse. It illustrates discursive events in the domain of politics and the resulting discourse types, such as jointly produced texts, press conferences and speeches. It shows that methods of Critical Discourse Analysis can be used effectively to reveal translation and interpreting strategies as well as transformations that occur in recontextualisation processes across languages, cultures, and discourse domains, in particular recontextualisation in mass media. It argues that the complexity of translational activities in the field of politics has not yet seen sufficient attention within Translation Studies. The article concludes by outlining a research programme for investigating political discourse in translation.
Applying Critical Discourse Analysis in Translation of Political Speeches and Interviews
Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 2013
From the ancient times, language has been using as an ingenious device for transmission of ideology and for manipulation of the audience minds by those who have been in power. As Kress in Van Dijk (1985: 29) states, "Ideologies find their clearest articulation in language. Hence, a powerful way of examining ideological structure is through the examination of language". Adopting Critical Discourse Analysis with particular emphasis on the framework of Fairclough (1989) and utilizing the notions of SFL by Holliday (1985), the present investigation is an attempt to shed light on the relationship between language and ideology involved in translation in general, and more specifically, to uncover the underlying ideological assumptions invisible in the texts, both source text (ST) and target text (TT), and consequently ascertain whether or not translators' ideologies are imposed in their translations. The corpus consisted of President Bush speeches during the years 2005 till 2008 about the nuclear program of Iran. The data consist of ST (in English) in the form of a political interviews and TTs in the form of 8 translations in Persian. The obtained results proved the fact that the application of CDA for the analysis of the ST and TT helps the translator to become aware of the genre conventions, social and situational context of the ST and TT, and outlines the formation of power and ideological relations on the text-linguistic level.
Reconceptualising the interpreter’s role
Forum - Presses De La Sorbonne Nouvelle & Korean Society of Conference Interpretation, 2021
The interpreter's role and performance in interpreting-facilitated interactions have attracted considerable scholarly attention since the 1970s. Seminal field research on interpreting in courtrooms, in hospitals, and in war zones describe interpreters as active participants. Nevertheless, Hale (2006) and Pöchhacker (2006) critique that much data-driven research in the area suffers from a lack of theoretical conceptualisations, and is short of diversified sociocultural and linguistic contexts for investigation. To strengthen the theoretical background to research on interpreters' role, this study draws on social psychology theories of social identity and optimal distinctiveness, and the sociolinguistic notion of face, to develop an interdisciplinary framework for conceptualising how identity claims may influence interpreters' choice of linguistic strategies in delivery. The English-Mandarin political press conference interpreting context is examined to illustrate how the proposed framework may shed light on our understanding of interpreters' behaviour in action.
Critical discourse analysis (CDA) is a theory and method of discourse analysis that focuses on the study of the dialectical relations between discourse and social, cultural, and political developments in different social domains. CDA makes a distinction between the discursive and the nondiscursive in social life, albeit accounting for exchange between the two realms. It views written, spoken, and visual (and other forms of multimodal) discourse—language use in speech, writing, and visuals (and other forms of modality)—as an important form of social practice that contributes to the constitution of the social world, including social identities and social relations, and that is in turn constituted by social practices such as the structure of the political system or the institutional structure of the media. Hence in CDA, discourse constitutes social practice and is simultaneously constituted by it (Wodak, de Cillia, Reisigl, & Liebhart, 2009, p. 8). The aim of CDA is to shed light on the discursive dimension of social and cultural phenomena and processes of change in late modernity. CDA builds its understanding of language on Halliday's (1978) systemic-functionalist approach, according to which language systems and language use are deeply connected to fulfill social functions. The meanings delivered through language can offer information on the social foundations of language. The theoretical premises of the approach go back to Althusser's theory of ideology, Bakhtin's game theory, and in particular the Western Marxist tradition ranging from Foucauldian poststructuralism to the philosophical traditions of Gramsci and the Frankfurt School. Theory and basic assumptions The influence of the Frankfurt School and Jürgen Habermas is particularly visible in studies that employ CDA. CDA's employment of the term " critical " as in the critical theory of the Frankfurt School assumes that research should produce knowledge that will help in the emancipation of humans from various modes of domination (Wodak & Meyer, 2009, p. 7). Hence the word " critical " in critical discourse analysis does not mean negative as understood in the common sense, but implies the need to challenge common knowledge that is taken for granted. Such a theoretical standing leads to a focus on the role of language in power relations, processes of exclusion, racism, inequality, and identity-building in works that place themselves under the CDA umbrella. CDA adopts an emancipatory mission for radical social change geared toward empowering oppressed groups. In doing that, it aims to uncover obfuscated structures of power