Determination of lead, cadmium and arsenic in infusion tea cultivated in north of Iran (original) (raw)
Related papers
2017
Seven majorly consumed brands of several teas (A1, A2, M1, M2, S, D, and C teas) were selected for the present study. In this study, the heavy metal contents including copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and lead (Pb) were assessed in the black tea samples consumed in Iran. The content of the heavy metals in the samples was analyzed using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Notably, the minimal amount of As (0.043 ± 0.006 ppm), Pb (0.040 ± 0.005 ppm), Cd (0.016 ± 0.001 ppm), and Cu (5.36 ± 0.49 ppm) concentrations were found in the M1, S, M2, and M2 teas, respectively; whereas, the maximal amount of As (0.287 ± 0.007 ppm), Pb (0.228 ± 0.002 ppm), Cd (0.101 ± 0.040 ppm), and Cu (37.4 ± 0.53 ppm) concentrations were found in the D, A1, M1, and D teas, respectively. Considering the present safety standards, the tea versions selected in this study were determined to be fit and safe for human consumption.
Levels of Selected Heavy Metals in Black Tea Varieties Consumed in Saudi Arabia
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2008
The metal contents (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cr, Pb, Ni, Cd, Co) of 17 black tea samples were analyzed by using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Among the investigated metals Mn was the highest (1,071.7 μg/g), whereas Pb showed minimum levels (0.30 μg/g). Iron was the second highest element found in black tea samples. Lowest Pb concentration (0.30 μg/g) was found in Abu Jabal tea; whereas maximum (2.2 μg/g) was found in Manasul tea. Lowest Cd concentration was found in Lipton whereas maximum level was observed for Al-Diafa tea. The concentrations of Co and Zn in the analyzed samples were in the range of 4.5–17.4 and 23.7–122.4 μg/g, respectively. Metal-to-metal correlation studies showed strong correlations between iron–chromium, iron–cadmium and lead–copper pairs. The data obtained in the present work compared well with the counterpart data reported internationally. Based upon the present safety standards, the tea versions selected in the present study were found to be safe for human consumption.
A study on heavy metal content in black tea available in domestic market in India
2018
Tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world. Thus, the chemical components in tea have received great interest because they are related to health. Tea is used in folk medicine for headache, digestion, diuresis, enhancement of immune defense, as an energizer and to prolong life. The intake of food and beverages contaminated by heavy metals is harmful to human health and several countries have imposed laws to restrict the presence of heavy metals concentration in food and beverages. In this study, the concentration of two heavy metals including Lead (Pb) and Copper (Cu) were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry on samples collected from different parts of India. The results showed that the only 12 samples out of 82 samples analysed were found to contain Lead in very low level ranges from Not detected to 0.144 ppm. The permissible level for Lead (Pb) as per FSSAI in tea is 10 ppm (max). Cu content was present in 19 samples out of 82 samples analysed with value range f...
Cadmium and Lead Content in Several Brands of Black Tea (Camellia Sinensis) in Iran
2013
Tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world and contains several important essential micro nutrients, that are beneficial to human health. The contamination of tea leaves by heavy metals may pose serious problems to human health, because they are not biodegradable and remain in the environment and might enter the food chain. In this study, the concentration of heavy metals; Cd and Pb was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) according to AOAC method of analysis. Ten samples of black tea cultivated in Iran were compared with 10 samples of imported black tea in 2011. The results of analysis showed that the mean level of Pb was 497.5 ± 175 ppb for Iranian and 293.3 ± 269.5 ppb for imported black tea. However, the value for Cd was 45 ±17ppb for Iranian and 9.14 ±7 ppb for imported black tea. The average contents of detectable heavy metals were significantly (P<0.05) higher in Iranian black tea. Cadmium and Lead concentrations in the sampled brands of black tea ...
2015
About 75% of the estimated 2.5 milliontons of dried tea harvested annually in the world is manufactured as black tea. Black tea (Camellia sinensis) is one of the most widely popular nonalcoholic beverages consumed by over two-thirds of the world's population, due to its medicinal, refreshing and mild stimulating effects; besides the positive effects, studies have also shown that drinking tea can have negative effects on human health. From tea leaves, different types of tea are produced: black, green and white. These teas mainly differ in their degree of processing and composition. In the present study, it has been hypothesized that tea leaves contain amounts of As, Cd and Pb, but these elements are leached not from tea leaves to infusion. To verify this hypothesis, concentrations of As, Cd and Pb were determined in tea leaves and infusion and results were compared. Five different brandswere collected in supermarkets and then analyzed. The samples were digested in a microwave dig...
Determination of mineral and toxic heavy elements in different brands of black tea of Pakistan
Camellia sinensis (Tea) has attracted attention of consumers and food manufacturers for its health benefits and physiological effects. Evidences are found that heavy metals are present in tea. Both metallic and non metallic elements are essential for human growth and development within certain permissible limits; harm to humans is expected due to change in this allowable limit. Twelve black tea samples (open and branded) were collected from market and subjected to analysis, using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results showed that black tea available in market is made from leaves collected from different regions (different soil source), and have different capacity for accumulation of heavy metals.
Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods, 2020
The concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu), among 160 samples of black and green tea—both bagged and loose-leaf—in Iran was determined using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer (GF-AAS). Besides, the transfer rate of PTEs from made tea into tea infusion was investigated, and the related health risk for consumers was assessed. According to the results, the content of the PTEs is dependent on the type of tea (black or green), the place of cultivation (Iran or India), and the supplied form (both bagged and loose-leaf). The concentration of Pb, Cd, and As in green tea was significantly lower than black tea (P-value < 0.05). On the other hand, the contents of Zn and Cu in green tea were higher than the corresponding values for black tea. The mean concentration of Pb, As, and Zn in bagged tea samples was significantly higher than those of loose-leaf tea, while the Cd and As level...
Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry
This study presents the determination of the amount of some heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Ni, Cd, Mn, Fe, Mg and Pb) present in commercial brand herbal tea samples purchased from local markets in Misurata, Libya, by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The validity of the analytical procedure was monitored by analysing certified reference materials obtained from the Food and Drugs Control Centre, Libya. The concentration of Cu, Cr, Ni, Cd, Mn, Fe, Mg and Pb in all the tea leaf samples ranged from 5.141 to 17.1, 0.890 to 3.4, 0.0833 to 2.349, 0.035 to 0.38, 32.01to 89.46, 79.01-167, 91.98 to 213.83 and 0.463 to 0.901 µg g-1, respectively. The concentration of heavy metals in the tea leaves can be arranged in the following order, Mg> Fe> Mn>Cu >Cr> Ni> Pb> Cd. Moreover, it is observed that the concentrations of all the toxic elements tested in the investigated herbal plants are found below the permitted levels specified by the international regulatory standards for the medicin...
Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research, 2020
Background: Some of the heavy metals are considered beneficial, if intake of them is within permissible trace amount and some other are highly toxic even in trace amount. So, heavy metals intake is one of the major concerns. Heavy metals enter into body via air, water, food, clothing and some of them gets accumulate in body organs this leads to many disorders and causes life threatening diseases including cancer. All of our food comes from plants directly or indirectly. Tea the highly consuming beverage after water comes from the leaves of plant/shrub Camellia Sinensis. Methods: Aim of the present work is to determine the elements present in Tea brew (Chai, boiling the Tea leaves in water) made from black Tea leaves of major brands available in local Indian market, more specifically heavy metals Cobalt (Co), Arsenic (As), Silver (Ag), Cadmium (Cd), Indium (In), mercury (Hg) and Lead (Pb). Total eleven samples were investigated with the instrument Perkin Elmer NexIon-300x Inductively...