Levels of Selected Heavy Metals in Black Tea Varieties Consumed in Saudi Arabia (original) (raw)
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Determination of mineral and toxic heavy elements in different brands of black tea of Pakistan
Camellia sinensis (Tea) has attracted attention of consumers and food manufacturers for its health benefits and physiological effects. Evidences are found that heavy metals are present in tea. Both metallic and non metallic elements are essential for human growth and development within certain permissible limits; harm to humans is expected due to change in this allowable limit. Twelve black tea samples (open and branded) were collected from market and subjected to analysis, using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results showed that black tea available in market is made from leaves collected from different regions (different soil source), and have different capacity for accumulation of heavy metals.
A study on heavy metal content in black tea available in domestic market in India
2018
Tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world. Thus, the chemical components in tea have received great interest because they are related to health. Tea is used in folk medicine for headache, digestion, diuresis, enhancement of immune defense, as an energizer and to prolong life. The intake of food and beverages contaminated by heavy metals is harmful to human health and several countries have imposed laws to restrict the presence of heavy metals concentration in food and beverages. In this study, the concentration of two heavy metals including Lead (Pb) and Copper (Cu) were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry on samples collected from different parts of India. The results showed that the only 12 samples out of 82 samples analysed were found to contain Lead in very low level ranges from Not detected to 0.144 ppm. The permissible level for Lead (Pb) as per FSSAI in tea is 10 ppm (max). Cu content was present in 19 samples out of 82 samples analysed with value range f...
2017
Seven majorly consumed brands of several teas (A1, A2, M1, M2, S, D, and C teas) were selected for the present study. In this study, the heavy metal contents including copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and lead (Pb) were assessed in the black tea samples consumed in Iran. The content of the heavy metals in the samples was analyzed using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Notably, the minimal amount of As (0.043 ± 0.006 ppm), Pb (0.040 ± 0.005 ppm), Cd (0.016 ± 0.001 ppm), and Cu (5.36 ± 0.49 ppm) concentrations were found in the M1, S, M2, and M2 teas, respectively; whereas, the maximal amount of As (0.287 ± 0.007 ppm), Pb (0.228 ± 0.002 ppm), Cd (0.101 ± 0.040 ppm), and Cu (37.4 ± 0.53 ppm) concentrations were found in the D, A1, M1, and D teas, respectively. Considering the present safety standards, the tea versions selected in this study were determined to be fit and safe for human consumption.
Determination of lead, cadmium and arsenic in infusion tea cultivated in north of Iran
Tea is one of the most common drinks in all over the world. Rapid urbanization and industrialization in recent decades has increased heavy metals in tea and other foods. In this research, heavy metal contents such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) were determined in 105 black tea samples cultivated in Guilan and Mazandaran Provinces in north of Iran and their tea infusions. The amount of heavy metals in black tea infusions were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP -AES).
Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods, 2020
The concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu), among 160 samples of black and green tea—both bagged and loose-leaf—in Iran was determined using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer (GF-AAS). Besides, the transfer rate of PTEs from made tea into tea infusion was investigated, and the related health risk for consumers was assessed. According to the results, the content of the PTEs is dependent on the type of tea (black or green), the place of cultivation (Iran or India), and the supplied form (both bagged and loose-leaf). The concentration of Pb, Cd, and As in green tea was significantly lower than black tea (P-value < 0.05). On the other hand, the contents of Zn and Cu in green tea were higher than the corresponding values for black tea. The mean concentration of Pb, As, and Zn in bagged tea samples was significantly higher than those of loose-leaf tea, while the Cd and As level...
Evaluation of heavy metal concentration in imported black tea in Iran and consumer risk assessments
Food Science & Nutrition, 2019
Tea is produced by the leaves of three types of Camellia sinensis, Camellia assamica, and Cambodiensis from the family of Theeaceae (Mehra & Baker, 2007). The tea has been used in traditional medicine for centuries due to its pharmacological properties and beneficial for human health (Das, de Oliveira, da Silva, Liu, & Ma, 2017; Mehra & Baker, 2007). Over the last decades, global production of this plant has a growth rate of higher than 1.8% and global tea consumption has increased more than two percent per year (Karimzadeh et al., 2013). Tea is considered as the second popular beverage in the world because of its taste and health properties (Das et al., 2017; Qin & Chen, 2007). Iran is one of the most important global producers and consumers of black tea which consume about five percent of the world's tea; each Iranian drinks about 1.5 kg of black tea per person per year (Salahinejad & Aflaki, 2010; Yousefi, Jahangard, & Mahmoudian, 2017). Ingestion of food and beverage is considered as the important pathway of human contamination by heavy metals (Das et al., 2017). Therefore, the presence of heavy metal in tea is one of the most important indicators to evaluate the tea quality (Zhang et al., 2018). The tea contamination could occur during growth in the polluted soil and manufacturing processes (Karimi et al., 2008). Moreover, human activities such as mine exploitation, melting, and other industrial and agricultural activities increase the concentration of heavy metals by releasing them in the environment (Nkansah, Opoku, & Ackumey, 2016. By brewing the tea, heavy metals can be transferred into tea infusion and regular consumption of tea can enter them into the
Biological Trace Element Research, 2016
The present work has been demonstrated a developed method for the determination of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Cd, As, Cr, Pb, and V in different types of black teas collected from Saudi Arabia market using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Each sample represents a well-mixed combination of ten packets from the same type collected from the market. Detection limits in ng g −1
Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry
This study presents the determination of the amount of some heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Ni, Cd, Mn, Fe, Mg and Pb) present in commercial brand herbal tea samples purchased from local markets in Misurata, Libya, by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The validity of the analytical procedure was monitored by analysing certified reference materials obtained from the Food and Drugs Control Centre, Libya. The concentration of Cu, Cr, Ni, Cd, Mn, Fe, Mg and Pb in all the tea leaf samples ranged from 5.141 to 17.1, 0.890 to 3.4, 0.0833 to 2.349, 0.035 to 0.38, 32.01to 89.46, 79.01-167, 91.98 to 213.83 and 0.463 to 0.901 µg g-1, respectively. The concentration of heavy metals in the tea leaves can be arranged in the following order, Mg> Fe> Mn>Cu >Cr> Ni> Pb> Cd. Moreover, it is observed that the concentrations of all the toxic elements tested in the investigated herbal plants are found below the permitted levels specified by the international regulatory standards for the medicin...
Biological Trace Element Research, 2009
The metal contents of eleven black tea samples, four cultivated in Iran and seven imported, and their tea infusions were determined. Twelve elements consisting toxic metals (Al, As, Pb, Cr, Cd, and Ni) and essential mineral elements (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Ca, and Mg) were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Al, Ca, Mg, and Mn ranged in black tea leaves at mg g −1 levels, while Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn were at µg g −1 levels. Analysis of variance showed no statistically significant differences among most elements determined in cultivated and imported black teas in Iran except for Ni and Cu. The extraction efficiency of each element into tea infusions was evaluated. The solubility of measured metals in infusion extracts varied widely and ranged from 0 to 59.3%. Among the studied elements, Cr, Pb, and Cd showed the lowest rates of solubility and Ni had the highest rates of solubility. The amount of toxic metals and essential mineral elements that one may take up through consumption of black tea infusion was estimated. The amount of realizing each element into tea infusions and acceptable daily intake, for safety consumption of black tea, was compared.
Determination of elemental content of black teas in land north of Iran
European Journal of Experimental Biology, 2013
Tea is one of the traditional and healthy drinks co nsumed enormously too many parts of the world. Thi s nonalcoholic beverage is the most appropriate for its vitality and refreshing effects. The elemental content (K, Mn, Cu, Ni, Na, Cd and Pb) were determined in the black tea from the tea districts of north Iran such as Foman, Rasht, Shaft, Lahijan, Siahkal, Langerud, Rudsar, Amlash aTonkabon state. Black tea samples were analyzed for 7 metals by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results of this study revealed that the level of Na and K content in all experimental black teas were in the range 32 .3-74.3 µg/g and 17.3‐23.2 mg/g, respectively. The Mn conten ts observed in the range 682 and 731 mg/kg and copper range was between 23.43 and 33.60 mg/kg. The Lead c ontent in the samples was found as in the range of 0.20 and 0.43 mg/ kg . Nickel amount in black tea leaves ranged between 2.30 and 3.68 mg/ kg. Fortunately total concentrati ons of Cd in all the tea leaf samples were t...