Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of some plant extracts used as food additives (original) (raw)
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Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Ocimum basilicum on Selected Enteric Pathogens
Annals of Experimental Biology, 2019
Due to increased antibiotic resistance, it is necessary to source for new antimicrobial substances that will help curb antimicrobial resistance. The aim of this research was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Ocimum basilicum in-vitro on some enteric pathogens. The phytochemicals present in the aqueous and ethanol extracts were analyzed using standard methods which reveal the presences of alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, proteins and carbohydrates. Three (3) clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, and Shigella flexneri were used in this study. Wells of 4 mm were bored on inoculated plates of solidified Muller Hinton Agar containing the test organisms. The antimicrobial activity of the aqueous and ethanol extracts were analyzed on the test organisms using standard method at varying concentrations of 200 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, 25 mg/ml and12.5 mg/ml, minimum inhibitory concentration was carried out using the broth dilution assay and the minimum bactericidal concentration was carried out by streaking method. Ciprofloxacin was used as a positive control. From the result the zones of inhibition ranged from 11mm to 5mm, in which Escherichia coli had zones of inhibition ranging from 11 mm-6 mm, Salmonella typhi had zones of inhibition of 8 mm-6 mm while Shigella flexneri had zones of 11 mm-7 mm. Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri showed the highest zones of inhibition of 11 mm at 200 mg/ml compared to Salmonella typhi with a zone of inhibition of 9 mm at 200 mg/ml. This study revealed that the ethanol extract showed more antibacterial activity compared with the aqueous extract which had no activity on the test organisms. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the ethanol extract was at the concentration of 200 mg/ml for all the test organisms. The minimum bactericidal concentration at 200 mg/ml revealed the presences of growth on the plates for all the test organisms. Therefore the minimum bactericidal concentration of the extract against the test organisms will be at a concentration >200 mg/ml. The findings from this research revealed that Ocimum basilicum has the capability for treating diarrhea. Further research and purification of the plant extract both in-vivo and invitro assay is necessary.
The synergistic effects of volatile constituents of Ocimum basilicum against foodborne pathogens
Industrial Crops and Products, 2018
Foodborne diseases and antibiotic resistant bacteria have become a serious worldwide public health problem. In this context, this study was carried out to describe the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from three Brazilian Ocimum species, since essential oils are considered safe. The essential oils were analyzed by GC-MS and the antimicrobial activities were determined by MIC assays against some pathogens. The essential oils from two samples exhibited effective antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus 100-200 μgnmL −1. The concentration of the major compound, linalool (from 24.7% to 60.2%), was not the main feature for the antimicrobial activity. The development of a multivariate statistical method based on O2PLS-DA was carried out for the identification of the most effective combination of constituents to describe the efficiency of O. basilicum essential oils as antimicrobial agents against foodborne pathogens.
2013
Ocimum sanctum, holy basil is well known for its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and many other medicinal activities in traditional medicine system including Ayurveda of India. In traditional medicine different parts as leaves, stem, roots, seeds flowers are well narrated for medicinal activities. There are different preparations from plant and parts of plant, however hot aqueous extract preparation is most commonly used household method of extract preparation in India. On the basis of all these the present study was designed to study the antibacterial activities of hot aqueous extract of leaves of the plant against the common bacterial pathogens of human and animals viz. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris obtained from the different cases of illness in animals. Many of these are of zoonotic importance and produce a serious threat to human life.While performing the antibacter...
African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 2008
The antimicrobial activities of chloroform, acetone and two different concentrations of methanol extracts of Ocimum basilicum L. were studied. These extracts were tested in vitro against 10 bacteria and 4 yeasts strains by the disc diffusion method. The results indicated that the methanol extracts of O. basilucum exhibited the antimicrobial activity against tested microorganisms. While the chloroform and acetone extracts had no effect, the methanol extracts showed inhibition zones against strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella sp., Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and two different strains of Escherichia coli. The cells of microorganisms, which were treated and untreated with plant extracts, were observed by using the scanning electron microscope. It was observed that the treated cells were damaged.
ANTIBACTERIAL EFFICACY OF PLANT EXTRACTS OF OCIMUM SANCTUM L
The antibacterial efficacy of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of leaf, stem and root of Ocimum sanctum L. were studied against 5 known pathogenic gram positive and gram negative bacteria (namely, Staphylococcusaureus, Clostridium bovis, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiellapneumoniae and Escherichia coli) by cup diffusion method with a control antibiotic (chloramphenicol). The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of O. Sanctum L. were found to be effective against all the bacteria cultured and tested in laboratory. The extracts of leaf, stem and root were most effective against S. typhi showing zone of inhibition (ZI) =11 mm, 10.90 mm and 10.75 mm (ethanolic) respectively and ZI = 10.75 mm, 10.60 mm and 10.55 mm (aqueous) respectively, followed by C. bovis and S. Aureus, which were at par with control (chloramphenicol). Minimum Zone of Inhibition for leaf, stem and root extracts were recorded against E. coli showing ZI = 4.00 mm, 4.20 mm, 3.75 mm (ethanolic) respectively and ZI = 3.75 mm, 3.70 mm, 3.50mm (aqueous) respectively. The results indicate that leaf extract of Ocimum sanctum L. was most effective as it was most potent against all the pathogens tested. This significant potential of Ocimum sanctum L. makes it an effective antibacterial agent and can be further explored for their antibacterial efficacy. This work may be useful to find out new antibacterial drugs having no side-effects.
Antibacterial Activity of Aqueous, Ethanol and Acetone Extracts of <i>Ocimum sanctum</i> Linn
American Journal of BioScience, 2015
Aqueous, ethanol and acetone leaf and root extracts of Ocimum sanctum Linn were investigated for their antibacterial activities at various concentrations against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using standard methods. Antimicrobial studies indicated that both the acetone leaf and root extracts of O. sanctum were found comparatively more effective against these bacteria than any other extract tested while aqueous extract being the least effective against the tested microbes. The highest mean zone of inhibition of acetone leaf extract against P. aeruginosa was 20.74± 0.68 followed by 19.36± 0.29 at concentration 150mg/ml and 100 mg/ml respectively. The aqueous and ethanol root extracts of O. sanctum for had no inhibitory effect against the test microorganisms. Generally the acetone crude extracts showed activity against the three bacteria species with highest average zone of inhibition compared to other extracts. The antimicrobial activity of the leaf extract was more pronounced against test microbes than root extract. The study revealed that the plant possessed antimicrobial properties and could be a potential source of antibacterial agent in the treatment of bacterial infections.
Antimicrobial potential of different medicinal plants against food industry pathogens
Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences, 2020
Work aimed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants against selected species of food industry pathogens in vitro conditions. The detection of antibacterial properties was examined by the disc diffusion method and the method of the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). The cultivation of microorganisms after the 24 h was performed by disc diffusion method. Petri dishes have grown at 37 °C in which the Mueller - Hinton agar and application it to the sterile paper disc impregnated with the extract. The thickness of the resulting inhibition zone was measured with a ruler after completion of the culture. After the preparation of bacteria and extracts of certain concentrations of a subsequently added to wells microplates we use the method of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) which was conducted out as the second measurement, and we took the readings absorbance spectrophotometer at 570 nm using the Glomax plate spectrophotometer. We found out, that Equiset...
journal of medicinal plants and by-products, 2017
This study was conducted to assessment the antibacterial activities of different part of basil essential oil on the standard gram-negative bacteria include Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, and gram-positive ones including Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogen. The basil essential oil was provided from two part of the plant (leaf and herb) at the two different developmental stages. The antibacterial properties of basil essential oil was studied on the standard bacteria by agar disk diffusion, then minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were detected. The results of agar disk diffusion tests showed the inhibition zones as follow: