Screening of Short Duration Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] Genotypes against Major Insect Pests (original) (raw)
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LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, 2019
The experiments were conducted at CCS HAU, Hisar (Haryana) to study the morpho physico-chemical components of resistance to pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera in pigeonpea with different sowing dates. In different four sowing dates, the minimum pod infestation (1.70%) was recorded in (D4) 3rd week of July sown crop, whereas, it was observed maximum (4.54%) in (D2) 1st week of July sown crop. In different pigeonpea varieties, the minimum mean pod infestation (2.45%) was recorded in AL-201, whereas, the maximum mean pod infestation (3.72%) was recorded in Pusa-992. The glandular (type A) and non-glandular (type B) trichomes on pods of top and middle canopy of the plant and pod wall thickness were associated with resistance to H. armigera, whereas, the non-glandular lengthy (type C) trichomes and pod length were associated with susceptibility to this insect. The expression of resistance to H. armigera was also associated with the high amount of fat, phenol and tannin content. Crude protei...
The domestication of pigeonpea has severely impacted the intrinsic host-plant resistance (HPR) to pest and diseases, particularly pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera hubner). This study with 41 Australian wild Cajanus genotypes and interspecific hybrids demonstrated a high level of resistance to H. armigera in the accessions of Cajanus acutifolius, C. latisepalus, C. lanceolatus, C. pubescens, and C. reticulatus var. reticulatus. Significant variation in herbivory development and mortality (P < 0.001) was observed in the wild accessions and their hybrids in response to feeding on leaves. A strong positive relationship (R 2 = 0.69, P < 0.001) between total phenolic compounds (TPC) and the HPR was observed. Australian wild genotypes demonstrated the role of TPC and the absence of certain flavonoids such as rutin and quercetin in resistant genotypes. The detached leaf bioassay technique separated the wild and domesticated accessions into wild resistant, with herbivory weight difference (HWD) (Day 7-Day 1) ranging between À27-104 mg, wild susceptible, with HWD ranging between 124-207 mg and domesticated susceptible, with HWD ranging from 208-300 mg. Similarly, based on TPC, accessions were also categorised into wild high TPC, with TPC ranging between 32.3-42.5 GAE mg/g DW, and wild low TPC had only 17.2-24.8 GAE mg/g DW. Low TPC concentrations were found in domesticated pigeonpea, with 10.7-17.6 GAE mg/g DW. The presence of very high concentrations of the flavone isoorientin, an important antioxidant implicated in the intracellular defence mechanism of cancer therapy, was identified for the first time in wild species of pigeonpea.
Assessment of Pigeonpea Restorers on Morphological Basis of Host Plant Resistance against Pod Borers
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2019
Pigeonpea, Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp is one of the important legume food crop of the semi-arid tropical and subtropical farming systems under varied agro-ecological environments. It is the second most important pulse crop of India after chickpea. India is the largest producer and also the largest consumer of pulses in the world. Assessments of twenty six restorers of pigeonpea was screened for resistance against major insect pests of pigeonpea under field conditions, at the ARS, Badnapur, VNMKV, Parbhani during Kharif-2017-18. Out of these three restorers viz. BDNHR-31-71, BDNHR-31-63, BDNHR-31-52 were found to be most promising restorers against H. armigera and M. obtusea by recording the range of H. armigera pod damage 7.53-36.01 per cent and 10.07-37.42 per cent due to M. obtusea as compared to check BDN 711 (36.02 and 38.45 per cent, respectively). As regards the morphological characters, it was observed that the growth habit and colour of flower and pod did not influence the pod borer infestation. Whereas, characters indicated that the maximum pod wall thickness, maximum number of seeds per pods, longest pods, maximum pod width characteristics were found to be least preferred as compared to minimum pod wall thickness, short pod lengths and short width pod which having more susceptible against pod borers.
Biology
Pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera) causes the highest yield losses in pigeonpea, followed by pod fly (Melanagromyza obtusa). High levels of resistance to pod borer are not available in the cultivated genepool. Several accessions of wild Cajanus species with strong resistance, and different resistance mechanisms (antixenosis and antibiosis) to pod borer have been identified. These accessions can be utilized to improve the pod borer resistance of cultivated pigeonpea. Using pod borer resistant Cajanus scarabaeoides and Cajanus acutifolius as pollen donors and popular pigeonpea varieties as recipients, pre-breeding populations were developed following simple- and complex-cross approaches. Preliminary evaluation of four backcross populations consisting of >2300 introgression lines (ILs) under un-sprayed field conditions resulted in identifying 156 ILs with low visual damage rating scores (5.0–6.0) and low pod borer damage (<50%). Precise re-screening of these ILs over different loca...
Bioefficacy of newer insecticides against pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.) pod borers
Journal of entomology and zoology studies, 2017
Among various insecticides under study, rynaxypyr 18.5 SP @ 30 g a.i./ha was most effective insecticide in minimizing the larval population of pigeonpea pod borers viz., gram pod borer, plume moth and pod fly. The treatment application of rynaxypyr 18.5 SP @ 30 g a.i. per ha shown the lowest pod damage (5.59 per cent) due to pigeonpea pod borers and recorded highest gain yield of pigeonpea (7.60 q per ha). The treatment application of profenofos + DDVP @ 2ml + 0.5 ml per lit and rynaxypyr 18.5 SP @ 30 g a.i. per ha recorded highest increase in yield over control i.e. 3.62 and 3.63 q per ha as well as maximum cost benefit ratio of 1:1.75 and 1:1.72. The results indicated that rynaxypyr 18.5 SP was more effective against pigeonpea pod borers and reducing the pod damage with its novel properties which ultimately leads to increase in yield and highest cost benefit ratio.
Insect pest succession and screening for spotted pod borer tolerance in short duration pigeonpea
Journal of food legume, 2020
Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L) is a major legume crop cultivated in India and insect pests inflict heavy yield loss. The insect pest succession and population dynamics varies according to agro-climatic zones. In Kanpur, six insect pests viz., leaf webber, blister beetle, spotted pod borer, pod bugs, gram pod borer and pod fly infested ICPL 67B during Kharif 2013. Spotted pod borer (SPB), Maruca vitrata Fabricius is a serious pest that causes severe flower and pod damage. Hence in the present study 30 different pigeonpea genotypes were screened under field conditions against SPB. The larval webbing per plant varied from 0.13 (JA 4) to 10.13 (MN 5), while the pod evaluation index ranged from 1.12 (ICPL 88039) to 66.08 (JA 4). Among the 3 morphological parameters studied, inflorescence stalk length was found to be negatively correlated with spotted pod borer infestation. The results of field infestation and morphological parameter correlation revealed JA 4 as a SPB resistant genotype. Further confirmatory tests like no choice assay coupled with biochemical and biophysical analysis may reveal the mechanism of resistance in this genotype
The study was conducted to evaluate the polyphenols, antioxidants and minerals composition in different genotypes of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp]. Different assays were performed to measure total phenolic content, total flavonoid and antioxidant activities were measured using 2,2- diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, Ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) and mineral composition was measured using Atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The total phenolic content ranged from 5.1 to 290.2 mg GAE/g dry weight. Pusa 992 had maximum amount of phenolics in 80% acetone extract. The total flavonoid content (TFC) varied from 0.17 to 3.62mg QE/g with IPA 203 having highest TFC value in 100% methanol. DPPH activity varied from 0.18mM in Manak to 0.87 mM in IPA 203 TE per g dry seed weight. FRAP varied from 0.62mM in LGR-38 to 10.15 mM in UPAS 120. Diverse genotypes were evaluated in relation to the content of 6 minerals (Zn, Cu, Fe, Ca, Mg, and Na) important for human nutrition. The level of Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Cu, Fe ranged from 1-19.8, 12-124.6, 2.8-6.9, 2.3-3.7, 0.20- .097, 4.3-24.1 mg/100g respectively among different genotypes of pigeonpea. The information of this study will increase the understanding of the function of the pigeonpea in the diet to reduce chronic diseases and also be used for selecting superior genotypes for breeding programmes.
Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 2009
Host plant resistance is an important component for minimizing the losses due to the pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera, which is the most devastating pest of pigeonpea. An understanding of different morphological and biochemical components of resistance is essential for developing strategies to breed for resistance to insect pests. Therefore, we studied the morphological and biochemical components associated with expression of resistance to H. armigera in wild relatives of pigeonpea to identify accessions with a diverse combination of characteristics associated with resistance to this pest. Among the wild relatives, oviposition non-preference was an important component of resistance in Cajanus scarabaeoides, while heavy egg-laying was recorded on C. cajanifolius (ICPW 28) and Rhynchosia bracteata (ICPW 214). Accessions belonging to R. aurea, C. scarabaeoides, C. sericeus, C. acutifolius, and Flemingia bracteata showed high levels of resistance to H. armigera, while C. cajanifolius was as susceptible as the susceptible check, ICPL 87. Glandular trichomes (type A) on the calyxes and pods were associated with susceptibility to H. armigera, while the non-glandular trichomes (trichome type C and D) were associated with resistance to this insect. Expression of resistance to H. armigera was also associated with low amounts of sugars and high amounts of tannins and polyphenols. Accessions of wild relatives of pigeonpea with non-glandular trichomes (type C and D) or low densities of glandular trichomes (type A), and high amounts of polyphenols and tannins may be used in wide hybridization to develop pigeonpea cultivars with resistance to H. armigera.
Indian journal of entomology, 2021
This study evaluates sources of resistance to the pod borer Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) in 15 long duration pigeonpea genotypes with experiments done during 2017-19. Association of morphological and biochemical traits was also evaluated. The results revealed that the least pod damage was attributed to high phenol content in pods (-0.668**), seeds (-0.719**) and high trichomes density (-0.637*). The susceptibility of genotypes (IVT-1-903, IVT-12-904, IVT-703) was indicated by their high pest susceptibility rating (PSR), and due to greater pod length (0.563*) and width (0.603**). The activity of protein, reducing sugars, chlorophyll, carbohydrates, pod wall thickness and number of seeds/ pod was also studied. Genotypes IVT-705, IVT-706 and IVT-1-901 emerged out to be the least susceptible (PSR = 4). Role of these traits are discussed to identify basis of resistance.
Agronomy, 2020
Cajanus scarabaeoides (L.), Thouars, is the closest wild crop relative of cultivated pigeonpea, Cajanus cajan (L.), Millspaugh. This wild pigeonpea has several insect-resistance mechanisms, particularly to Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner). Estimated economic losses in the semi-arid tropics from H. armigera damage in pigeonpea are approximately two billion USD/year. Therefore, it is imperative to improve pest resistance in this crop. In this study, we investigated insect-resistance components in IBS 3471, a C. scarabaeoides accession, and explored the possibility of transferring resistance mechanism/s to cultivated pigeonpea. A detached leaf bioassay revealed that IBS 3471 has more effective antibiosis and antixenosis resistance mechanisms against H. armigera compared to the susceptible C. cajan variety, ICPL 87. To further investigate the antibiosis resistance mechanism, we fed H. armigera larvae a heated and non-heated artificial diet supplemented with lyophilised IBS 3471 leaf powder...