A review of developments in carbon dioxide storage (original) (raw)

Carbon dioxide capture and storage: Seven years after the IPCC special report

Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 2012

Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) entails separating carbon dioxide from coal-, biomass-or gas-fired power plants or other large industrial sources, transporting the carbon dioxide by pipeline, injecting it deep underground, and storing it indefinitely in geological reservoirs including depleted oil and gas fields, and saline aquifers. CCS is envisioned to reduce carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions to the atmosphere when applied to large facilities that use fossil fuels. Applied to biomass, it may also lower CO 2 concentrations in the atmosphere while supplying energy. The publication of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2005) Special Report on CCS (SRCCS) raised the profile of CCS, particularly among the expert community dealing with international climate policy (Meadowcroft and Langhelle 2009). The expert community now commonly sees CCS as a major option for reducing global emissions of CO 2. The technology plays a major role in long-term scenarios where there is significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions (Clarke et al. 2009; IEA 2010a). For CCS to play such a major role, the separation, transport and storage would have to handle large volumes of CO 2 , and involve huge investments in facilities and infrastructure. The SRCCS conveyed some key insights. First, it clearly indicated that in principle, CCS is technically feasible. It also found that subsurface endowments of geological storage are probably massive, but regionally distributed and still highly uncertain.

Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage: Issues and Prospects

Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 2014

Almost 20 years ago, the first CO2 capture and storage (CCS) project began injecting CO2 into a deep geological formation in an offshore aquifer. Relevant science has advanced in areas such as chemical engineering, geophysics, and social psychology. Governments have generously funded demonstrations. As a result, a handful of industrial-scale CCS projects are currently injecting about 15 megatons of CO2 underground annually that contribute to climate change mitigation. However, CCS is struggling to gain a foothold in the set of options for dealing with climate change. This review explores why and discusses critical conditions for CCS to emerge as a viable mitigation option. Explanations for this struggle include the absence of government action on climate change, economic crisis–induced low carbon prices, public skepticism, increasing costs, and advances in other options including renewables and shale gas. Climate change action is identified as a critical condition for progress in CC...

Growing interest in carbon capture and storage (CCS) for climate change mitigation

Sustainability: Science, Practice, & Policy, 2006

Interest in technologies associated with carbon capture and storage (CCS) has been growing rapidly in both the public and private sectors over the past five to ten years as governments, industry, and individuals grapple with how to reconcile increased energy demand with the need to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2) concentrations to mitigate the risks of climate change. CCS technology involves capturing the CO 2 produced during fossil-fuel combustion and storing it in underground geologic reservoirs instead of emitting it into the atmosphere. The idea of engineering the storage of carbon has developed from relative obscurity to an increasingly recognized approach to stabilizing atmospheric CO 2 concentrations. This paper (1) identifies several influential nongovernmental stakeholders and discusses their contributions to CCS and (2) describes how governmental influence through political positions, government-supported research and development, and economic policy tools and international treaties have influenced CCS initiatives. While the relative strength of nongovernmental and governmental influences is not quantified, this treatment of the various factors contributing to the advancement of CCS technology highlights the complexity associated with integrating developments in science and engineering into sustainable practices.

Advances in carbon dioxide storage projects: Assessment and perspectives

Energy and Fuels, 2023

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a climate change mitigation method in which anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2) is captured from large point sources and stored in geological formations, in the ocean, or through mineral carbonation. CO 2 can be injected and stored for a variety of reasons, including permanent disposal or enhanced oil recovery in certain oil fields. The main objective of this paper is to assess the advances made in CO 2 storage projects globally. This study reviews the major companies/ businesses that are involved in CCS deployment. The study also presents the alternative for the sequestration of CO 2 into the geological formations through existing major projects. It explains their progress, structural and faulting configuration, CO 2 transportation and injection, potential CO 2 source(s), estimation of the storage capacity, etc. This study also highlights the monitoring programs that are used in different operating projects and the status of active projects. The study suggests that CCS faces further deployment challenges due to the heterogeneity and complexity of rock formations, high cost of deployment, possibility of formation damage during injection and potential for migration and leakage of CO 2. Additionally, inappropriate strategy for CO 2 injection may lead to wellbore integrity problems, formation of hydrates, and inadequate pressure control. More research�particularly, geological evaluation before injection and storage�is apparently needed.

Carbon Capture and Storage - Technological Advancements and Worldwide Constraints

Combating climate change by mitigation of release of the anthropogenic greenhouse gases has attracted worldwide attention towards research and policy formulations. One such approach is the geological sequestration of carbon dioxide, known as Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS). Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is a large scale solution to climate change, consider to have significant potential on curbing CO2 emissions. Fossil fuels will continue to be our main energy source for decades to come, and CCS can contribute with as much as 55% of the emissions reductions needed to stabilize climate change at an average of +2oC. Industry is already exploring various CCS technologies. This paper will firstly discuss examples of various CO2 capture technologies currently in use and in development. It will also discuss various industrial sources and sequestration options. This paper also presents the technological advancement to CCS i.e. carbon recycling, which is the electro-reduction of carbon dioxide (ERC), which aims to take CO2 directly from industrial waste gases and convert it to formate salts and/or formic acid; both valu¬able chemicals used in a variety of industrial applications. CCS is, however, suffering from a lack of maturity in terms of frame conditions, technology, economy, infrastructure and common acceptance criteria. A key factor is development and implementation of a regulatory framework that allows a market and business to emerge, depending on financial incentives through various mitigation policies and mechanisms. The framework for CO2 storage should require an integrated risk management throughout the life cycle of a CCS project, i.e. from initial site selection, design and construction, operation including monitoring, reporting and verification, up to closure and post-closure requirements. The paper will address these uncertainties and risks more in depth. The viability of a carbon capture and sequestration industry will also be dependent upon the costs of capturing CO2 from industrial and natural sources. This raises the question: what are the potential costs of capturing industrial CO2? A source-to-sink analysis (Literature Survey) was done to estimate the total cost of capturing and transporting CO2 from a variety of industrial sources to potential sequestration sites. These include concentrated sources, such as ammonia and ethanol plants, as well as less-concentrated sources including power plants. The considered sequestration sites include value options such as enhanced oil and gas recovery projects, pressure maintenance in gas reservoirs, as well as sequestration in saline aquifers, depleted oil and gas reservoirs, and other geologic media. This paper hence will provide estimates of CO2 pipeline transportation costs at various distances between sources and sinks. Finally, the paper will discuss the total estimated cost, inclusive of capture, compression, and transportation, at which the CO2 can be sold to operators of enhanced oil recovery projects or other industries which could utilize the CO2. This analysis concluded that CO2 can be captured and transported approximately 100 miles at costs ranging between 1and1 and 1and3.50 per thousand cubic feet.

Significant aspects of carbon capture and storage – A review

Petroleum

Excessive emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere has resulted in a progressive climate change and global warming in the past decades. There have been many approaches developed to reduce the emission of Carbon Dioxide (CO 2) into the atmosphere, among which Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) techniques has been recognized as the most promising method. This paper provides a deeper insight about the CCS technology where CO 2 is captured and stored in deep geological formations for stabilization of the earth's temperature. Principles of capturing and storage for a long-term sequestration are also discussed together with the processes, mechanisms and interactions induced by supercritical CO 2 upon injection into subsurface geological sites.

Introduction to Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage

Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, 2019

CO2 storage in deep geological formations such as depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs, saline aquifers, and methane coal beds has been recognized as an effective method to prevent climate change in the near future. This chapter gives a deeper insight into the major components of the carbon capture and storage technology as a major greenhouse gas mitigation approach implemented worldwide. The mechanisms, challenges, and issues understood so far linked to this technology are discussed. It appears that if a storage project can be safely implemented given the precautions mentioned in this chapter, a great step can be taken towards a better future for the next generation.

Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage

2005

This Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report provides information for policymakers, scientists and engineers in the field of climate change and reduction of CO2 emissions. It describes sources, capture, transport, and storage of CO2. It also discusses the costs, economic potential, and societal issues of the technology, including public perception and regulatory aspects. Storage options evaluated include geological storage, ocean storage, and mineral carbonation. Notably, the report places CO2 capture and storage in the context of other climate change mitigation options, such as fuel switch, energy efficiency, renewables and nuclear energy.