High Strength Steel for Automotive Applications (original) (raw)
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Advanced High Strength Steel in Auto Industry: an Overview
Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, 2014
The world’s most common alloy, steel, is the material of choice when it comes to making products as diverse as oil rigs to cars and planes to skyscrapers, simply because of its functionality, adaptability, machine-ability and strength. Newly developed grades of Advanced High Strength Steel (AHSS) significantly outperform competing materials for current and future automotive applications. This is a direct result of steel’s performance flexibility, as well as of its many benefits including low cost, weight reduction capability, safety attributes, reduced greenhouse gas emissions and superior recyclability. To improve crash worthiness and fuel economy, the automotive industry is, increasingly, using AHSS. Today, and in the future, automotive manufacturers must reduce the overall weight of their cars. The most cost-efficient way to do this is with AHSS. However, there are several parameters that decide which of the AHSS types to be used; the most important parameters are derived from th...
Assessment of Advanced High Strength Steels used in Auto Industry – A Review
Advanced High Strength Steels (AHSS) are steels considered to be the major materials for future applications in automotive production and other sectors of the economy. In this article, assessment of advanced high strength steels (AHSS) used in automotive industry was discussed, including the steel compositions, microstructure and mechanical properties developed during thermal processing, advantages and disadvantages, their potential applications and performance in service. Various strengthening mechanisms are employed to achieve a range of strength, ductility, toughness, and fatigue properties of these materials. As opposed to the cold formable single phase deep-drawable grades, the mechanical properties of AHSS steels are controlled by many factors, including the following; phase composition and distribution in the overall microstructure, volume fraction, size and morphology of phase constituents, as well as stability of metastable constituents were discussed. Finally, a brief summary of these important steels was highlighted.
Advanced High Strength Steels for Light-Weight Automotive
2015
Automotive is an inseparable part of the modern society and accounts for a sizeable share of our economy. It is a complex engineering product today, demanding a combination of properties for its variety of components. Notwithstanding the development of new materials and their increasing use, the iron-base materials still occupy the dominant position amongst the materials of construction of an automobile and represent around 64 percent of the weight, in which the share of steel is around 57 percent in a typical passenger car today. In a passenger vehicle . In a passenger car, the body-in-white (BIW) accounts for ~ 35% of the total weight and is a very demanding area, particularly because it is singularly responsible for the safety of the passenger (against crash).
Safety is paramount importance along with enhancing fuel efficiency of the transport car over the last three decades. Advanced high strength steels play a pivotal role towards achieving the desired structural characteristics of the motor vehicles. Many structural components have been replaced by advanced high strength steels like IF steel, Bake hardening steel, HSLA steel, Micro alloyed steel, Dual Phase steel, Ferrite Bainite steel, Martensitic steel, Hot formed steel, TRIP steel, TWIP steel etc. along with austenitic and ferrite grade stainless steels due to its superior strength and ductility. In the current context it has been attempted to see the causes behind the development of those mentioned steels from conventional to third generation as well the strengthening mechanisms employed towards the development of advanced high strength structural steels. It has been observed from literature study that substantial development have been progressed from metallurgical point of view in this matter over the last decade.
Advanced High-Strength Steels: Science, Technology, and Applications
2013
Advanced High-Strength Steels (AHSS) are the fastest growing material in today's automotive industry and are designed to leverage steel as the optimum automotive material. This book provides a comprehensive account of the structure-property relationship in AHSS. It examines the types, microstructures and attributes of AHSS. It also reviews the current and future applications, the benefits, trends, and environmental and sustainability issues. A compelling feature of the book is its extensive use of property charts and microstructures to simplify visualisation of the resulting attributes of AHSS. This book is intended to be a textbook/reference.
Structure and Properties of Steels for Applications in Automobile Industry
The paper presents information about the notations, the structure and the properties of steels applied in automotive industry. A modeling-based approach is recommended to design the composition and for a suitable processing improving the mechanical plasticity attributes of steels with martensite structures. The research is supported by the Scientific Research Fund, the ДВУ 02/11 project. The research about the design of new kinds of steel continues with respect to the necessities of the automotive industry in the steel production. The considerable batch production and competitiveness of this industry requires a reduction of the production expenses via innovations in the technological domain and improving safety in cases of road accidents [1]. The research must reduce the weight of the final product via implying highly strength steels. The highly-strength steel applications are increased for simultaneous satisfying the variety of rather contradictory requirements related to the impro...
Materials, 2021
While the third generation of advanced high-strength steels (3rd Gen AHSS) have increasingly gained attention for automotive lightweighting, it remains unclear to what extent the developed methodologies for the conventional dual-phase (DP) steels are applicable to this new class of steels. The present paper provides a comprehensive study on the constitutive, formability, tribology, and fracture behavior of three commercial 3rd Gen AHSS with an ultimate strength level ranging from 980 to 1180 MPa which are contrasted with two DP steels of the same strength levels and the 590R AHSS. The hardening response to large strain levels was determined experimentally using tensile and shear tests and then evaluated in 3D simulations of tensile tests. In general, the strain rate sensitivity of the two 3rd Gen 1180 AHSS was significantly different as one grade exhibited larger transformation-induced behavior. The in-plane formability of the three 1180 MPa steels was similar but with a stark contr...
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN ADVANCED HIGH STRENGTH SHEET STEELS FOR AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS: AN OVERVIEW
In recent years there has been an increased emphasis on the development of new advanced high strength sheet steels (AHSS), particularly for automotive applications driven by needs for vehicle weight reduction to improve fuel economy and for materials which lead to enhanced crash performance and passenger safety. Steels of current interest involve novel alloying and processing combinations to produce unique microstructural combinations and have been referred to by a variety of identifiers including, among others, DP (dual-phase), TRIP (transformation induced plasticity), HSLA (high strength low alloy), CP (complex phase), TWIP (twinning induced plasticity), and martensitic steels. The properties of these multi-phase steels are derived from appropriate combinations of strengthening mechanisms, the basics of which have been well developed in the steel literature. Continued developments of AHSS steels, designed for specific applications, will require careful microstructure control to optimize the specific strengthening mechanisms responsible for the desirable final properties. In this paper recent AHSS developments are examined, and approaches to produce high strength sheet steels with unique strength/ductility combinations are discussed.
Development of Lightweight Steels for Automotive Applications
Engineering Steels and High Entropy-Alloys [Working Title]
The automotive industry plays a determinant role in the economy of developed countries. Sheet metal forming is one of the most important processes in car manufacturing. Recent trends in car production may be characterized by the application of lightweight principles. Its main priority is to fulfill both the customers' demands and the increased legal requirements. The application of high strength steels may be regarded as one of the potential possibilities. Applying high strength steels has a positive response for many of the requirements: increasing the strength may lead to the application of thinner sheets resulting in significant mass reduction. Mass reduction is leading to lower consumption with increased environment protection. However, increasing the strength can often lead to the decrease of formability, which is very unfavorable for the forming processes. In this chapter, an overview of recent material developments in the automotive industry concerning the use of new-generation high strength steels will be given. In this paper, the material developments are emphasized from the point of view sheet metal forming; therefore, our focus is on the body-in-white manufacturing in the automotive industry.
Steel manufacturing of today with the use of continuous annealing makes it possible to produce high strength and ultra high strength steels with up to 1400 MPa tensile strength. These steel grades are suitable for cold forming of structural and safety-related automotive components. The high strength level gives potential for considerable weight reduction and a cost-effective way to produce energy efficient vehicles. Conventional forming and joining techniques without any extra heat treatment involved can be used. This paper describes briefly the static properties, forming and joining characteristics of these steel grades as well as the crash resistance and energy absorption. Some examples of applications in safety related applications are shown. Both laboratory tests and full scale tests show that high strength and ultra high strength steels can be pressformed in both stretch forming and drawing operations. Conventional welding methods can be used if the welding parameters are adjusted to the alloying content of each grade. Static load carrying capacity and energy absorption in both axial crash tests and three-point bending tests increases with increasing strength level of the steel which results in a considerable potential for cost-effective design of future lightweight vehicles.