Structure and Properties of Steels for Applications in Automobile Industry (original) (raw)
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The automotive industry plays a determinant role in the economy of developed countries. Sheet metal forming is one of the most important processes in car manufacturing. Recent trends in car production may be characterized by the application of lightweight principles. Its main priority is to fulfill both the customers' demands and the increased legal requirements. The application of high strength steels may be regarded as one of the potential possibilities. Applying high strength steels has a positive response for many of the requirements: increasing the strength may lead to the application of thinner sheets resulting in significant mass reduction. Mass reduction is leading to lower consumption with increased environment protection. However, increasing the strength can often lead to the decrease of formability, which is very unfavorable for the forming processes. In this chapter, an overview of recent material developments in the automotive industry concerning the use of new-generation high strength steels will be given. In this paper, the material developments are emphasized from the point of view sheet metal forming; therefore, our focus is on the body-in-white manufacturing in the automotive industry.
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Automotive is an inseparable part of the modern society and accounts for a sizeable share of our economy. It is a complex engineering product today, demanding a combination of properties for its variety of components. Notwithstanding the development of new materials and their increasing use, the iron-base materials still occupy the dominant position amongst the materials of construction of an automobile and represent around 64 percent of the weight, in which the share of steel is around 57 percent in a typical passenger car today. In a passenger vehicle . In a passenger car, the body-in-white (BIW) accounts for ~ 35% of the total weight and is a very demanding area, particularly because it is singularly responsible for the safety of the passenger (against crash).
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Advanced High Strength Steels (AHSS) are steels considered to be the major materials for future applications in automotive production and other sectors of the economy. In this article, assessment of advanced high strength steels (AHSS) used in automotive industry was discussed, including the steel compositions, microstructure and mechanical properties developed during thermal processing, advantages and disadvantages, their potential applications and performance in service. Various strengthening mechanisms are employed to achieve a range of strength, ductility, toughness, and fatigue properties of these materials. As opposed to the cold formable single phase deep-drawable grades, the mechanical properties of AHSS steels are controlled by many factors, including the following; phase composition and distribution in the overall microstructure, volume fraction, size and morphology of phase constituents, as well as stability of metastable constituents were discussed. Finally, a brief summary of these important steels was highlighted.
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In recent years, for reasons of improved passenger comfort and safety, the weight of passenger cars has continuously increased, leading to higher fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Since the early 90s competition for safer, lighter, and more fuel economic ground transportation vehicles, triggered by stringent OEMs and governmental demands, led over the years to the market entry of new materials such as new high-strength steels, polymer composites, aluminium alloys, or also magnesium. In this challenging contest of achieving significant emission reductions and fuel economy across all new generation vehicle platforms, the steel industry is today accelerating the implementation of new innovative steels over other emerging materials. The aim of the present contribution is to review the development of novel high strength steels for automotive applications and to highlight their benefits compared to aluminium alloys, as one of their competitor for the automotive lightweight de...
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The fast-growing economy and the gradually established highway system have boosted the road transportation for both passenger and cargo over the last decade in China. From 2000 to 2010 Chinese GDP increased by around 10.15% annually and the sales of medium and heavy trucks by around 18.87% (sales increased from 0.2 million in 2000 to 1.3 million in 2010) according to the National Bureau of Statistics of People's Republic of China. Today commercial vehicles consume almost the same amount of fuel as passenger cars in China although the number of commercial vehicles is only about one fourth of passenger cars. It is estimated that around 50% of imported fuel to China each year will be consumed by vehicle transportation. This situation will worsen fuel shortage problems in the long run and at the same time it is partially responsible for the everworsening air pollution in China. Due to the widespread overloading in China, lightweight development in commercial vehicles has fallen far behind that of passenger cars with the consequences that Chinese commercial vehicles consume in average about 20% more fuel, especially the heavy trucks, compared to European models. Under these circumstances it is essential to reduce the vehicle fuel consumption and increase the transport efficiency. The key solution thereby is to implement lightweight design in commercial vehicles as it has been successfully practiced over the last decade in the passenger cars. This paper summarizes highlights given in presentations during the ''International seminar on the application of high strength steels in light weight commercial vehicles'' with the focus on the development and application of Nb alloyed high performance steels made for lightweight commercial vehicles.
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