New Explanation of the Curvature of Spacetime, Mass, and Gravity (original) (raw)
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The Complete Theory of Gravity II
Academia, 2023
So far, physics has been the physics of real time and real space. The theory of relativity and quantum mechanics, established based on real time and real space, fit precisely with experiments. The Lorentz Transformation of the special theory of relativity became the basis for unifying the electromagnetic force, the weak force, and the strong force. The general theory of relativity also described gravity using the Lorentz Transformation as a skeleton, and it matched the experiment precisely. However, the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics are not still fully unified. Although string theory and M-theory have achieved a mathematical combination of two theories, they have not been able to have the experimental proof of evidence yet. Maxwell's Equations predict that E field and B field of Traveling Electromagnetic Waves are in phase. The intrinsic impedance of Free Space is a constant value. Therefore, it was concluded that there is no medium for Traveling Electromagnetic Waves to propagate through. My theory of Complex Time predicts that E field and B field of Traveling Electromagnetic Waves are always in quadrature phase. The intrinsic impedance of Free Space is a complex variable value dependent on Polarization Angle φ. The phase of Complex Time has the direct relation with Polarization Angle φ. Therefore, I predict that there is a medium for Traveling Electromagnetic Waves to propagate through. The medium of Free Space is the distributed inductance and capacitance network. Therefore, I proposed a falsifiable experiment to measure the intrinsic impedance of Free Space. Through the experiment, I confirm that the in-phase prediction from Maxwell's Equation is false. This proves experimentally the physical existence of Complex Time. I discovered that time has phase so that time has 2 dimensions. By proving experimentally the physical existence of Complex Time and discovering the incompleteness of Lorentz Transformation, I hit on an intuition that our universe has a hidden dimension of phase so that our universe has 5dimensional spacetime, not 4-dimensional spacetime. I discovered that Lorentz Transformation only showed how the hidden dimension of phase interacts with the 4-dimensional spacetime as shadow illusion and it is not a complete transformation between the two inertial frames. From the viewpoint of complex time, everything is standing still, which is the fundamental nature of 5-dimensional spacetime. The hidden dimension of phase creates an illusion of motion on 4-dimensional spacetime that we humans perceive as reality. Einstein Field Equation was already Unified Field Theory of Gravity and Electromagnetic Force, but Albert Einstein was not able to catch it, because Einstein Field Equation is very complicated so it was not easy to understand intuitively. Einstein Field Equation explains the root cause of Mass M and Charge Q. The phase skew ξ has Higgs mechanism to create mass M. The magnitude of complex time is compressed by the phase skew ξ to create Mass. Angular Momentum L is the root cause of Charge Q, which is related with the imaginary time skew factor ζ. Complex time phase rotation from Einstein Field Equation is the key to understand Einstein Field Equation intuitively. The Complete Theory of Gravity is to prove Gravity as the root cause of Everything from Microscopic Scale to Macroscopic Scale as Theory of Everything.
The Complete Theory of Gravity I
Academia, 2021
So far, physics has been the physics of real time and real space. Quantum mechanics and the theory of relativity, established based on real time and real space, fit very precisely with experiments. The Lorentz transformation of the special theory of relativity became the basis for unifying the electromagnetic force, the weak force, and the strong force. The general theory of relativity also described gravity using the Lorentz transformation as a skeleton, and it matched the experiment precisely. However, quantum mechanics and the theory of relativity are still not fully unified, and although string theory and M-theory have achieved mathematically perfect unification, it has not been able to prove whether they are physically demonstrable. By discovering the incompleteness of Lorentz transformation, I hit on an intuition that our universe has a hidden dimension of phase so that our universe has 5-dimensional spacetime, not 4-dimensional spacetime. The Lorentz transformation only showed how the hidden dimension of phase interacts with the 4-dimensional spacetime as a shadow illusion and it is not a complete transformation between the two inertial frames. From the viewpoint of complex time, everything is standing still, which is the fundamental nature of 5-dimensional spacetime. The hidden dimension of phase creates an illusion of motion on 4-dimensional spacetime that we humans perceive as reality. Einstein Field Equation was already Unified Field Theory of Gravity and Electromagnetic Force, but Albert Einstein was not able to catch it, because Einstein Field Equation is very complicated so it was not easy to understand intuitively. Einstein Field Equation explains the root cause of Mass M and Charge Q. The phase skew ξ has Higgs mechanism to create mass M. The magnitude of complex time is compressed by the phase skew ξ to create Mass. Angular Momentum L is the root cause of Charge Q, which is related with the imaginary time skew factor ζ. Complex time phase rotation from Einstein Field Equation is the key to understand Einstein Field Equation intuitively. The Complete Theory of Gravity is to prove Gravity as the root cause of Everything from Microscopic Scale to Macroscopic Scale as Theory of Everything.
On some fundamental problems of the theory of gravitation
2009
Cosmological observations indicate that the Einstein equation may not be entirely correct to describe gravity. However, numerous modifications of these equations usually do not affect foundations of the theory. In this paper two important issue that lead to a substantial revision of the theory are considered : 1. The significance of relativity of space-time geometry with respect to measuring instruments for theory of gravitation. 2. The gauge transformations of the field variables in correct theory of gravitation.
A novel study in relation between the mass and gravity
International Journal of the Physical Sciences, 2012
In this paper, by reviewing old as well as modern controversial findings, it was shown that gravity is a single unique phenomenon that after appearance attracts mass and particles around itself. This makes a misunderstanding of mass-gravity relation as cause and effect. Here, a discussion was put ahead, which concludes that mass; and actually energy condensation, cannot create gravity and it would be shown that there is no need to correlate mass with gravity. Instead it is shown that existence of something that can be called a gravity generator is the real cause of gravity and in stable celestial objects the mass around that gravity generator is only a manifestation of the severity of space-time shrinkage created by that generator.
2012
In this paper, by reviewing old as well as modern controversial findings, it was shown that gravity is a single unique phenomenon that after appearance attracts mass and particles around itself. This makes a misunderstanding of mass-gravity relation as cause and effect. Here, a discussion was put ahead, which concludes that mass; and actually energy condensation, cannot create gravity and it would be shown that there is no need to correlate mass with gravity. Instead it is shown that existence of something that can be called a gravity generator is the real cause of gravity and in stable celestial objects the mass around that gravity generator is only a manifestation of the severity of space-time shrinkage created by that generator. Key words: General relativity, mass-gravity relation, gravity generator.
A New Constant Towards Unification Of Four Grand Forces Of The Universe
Academia edu, 2023
Scientists have long been endeavoring to unite all the fundamental forces of nature. Sir Isaac Newton, with his second law, introduced a pivotal understanding of force, laying the foundation for classical physics. Over the 18th to 20th centuries, scientists discovered additional fundamental forces and sought to reconcile them under a common framework. In 1905, Albert Einstein presented his manuscript on special relativity and the mass-energy equivalence formula. In 1916, he challenged Newton's conception of gravity by proposing and demonstrating that it is not a force but the curvature of space-time, which depends on the energy distribution. Subsequently, scientists confirmed the existence of gravity waves based on general relativity. The theory of relativity serves as the cornerstone of quantum physics, which explores the realms of matter and energy. Nonetheless, the concept of gravity remains somewhat enigmatic, and achieving a comprehensive unification of the fundamental forces hinges on resolving whether gravity is a force or a consequence of space-time curvature. This research paper introduces a promising idea that draws from the realms of the theory of relativity and quantum physics to provide a theoretical foundation for the unification of these grand forces of nature. The author earnestly requests readers to approach this idea with an open mind, as it appears to be a significant step in the right direction. As a dedicated researcher, the author shares this work with gratitude and hopes for its thoughtful consideration.
Einstein's General Theory Of Relativity
2007
I. Introduction: Newtonian Physics and Special Relativity- 1. Relativity Principals and Gravitation 2. The Special Theory of Relativity II. The Mathematics of the General Theory of Relativity- 3. Vectors, Tensors, and Forms 4. Basis Vector Fields and Metric Tensor 5. Non-inertial Reference Frames 6. Differentiation, Connections and Integration 7. Curvature II. Einstein's Field Equations- 8. Einstein's Field Equations 9. The Linear Field Approximation 10. The Schwarzschild Solution and Black Holes IV. Cosmology- 11. Homogeneous and Isotropic Universe Models 12. Universe Models with Vacuum Energy 13. An Anisotropic Universe V. Advanced Topics- 14. Covariant decomposition, Singularities, and Canonical Cosmology 15. Homogeneous Spaces 16. Israel's Formalism: The metric junction method 17. Brane-worlds 18. Kaluza-Klein Theory VI. Appendices- A. Constrants of Nature B. Penrose diagrams C. Anti-de Sitter spacetime D. Suggested further reading
The Unification of Gravitation and Electromagnetism
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2020
All past efforts to unify gravitation and electromagnetism failed because they considered energy/momentum to be the common denominator in this unification. The problem was that nobody knew how mass curves space and that charge, as we have shown in one of our papers, also curves space. It was naively believed that if mass, namely energy, curves space then so will the electromagnetic energy and in the same way. We took an entirely different approach. Our common denominator, as we show, is the deformation (distortion, curving) of space by both mass and charge. This approach yields the expected result.
2022
The principle of equivalence implies the inertial mass equals to gravitational mass. Gravity is understood in terms of the quark model, amended by Platonic symmetry. This allows to comment on the origin of inertial mass and how it can be controlled when controlling gravity.