Environmental Aesthetics The Share of Environmental Aesthetic Indices in the Cognition of Urban Landscape (original) (raw)
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New Approaches to the Landscape Aesthetics Research
According to the approaches of landscape aesthetics developed in the twentieth century based on environmental psychology and experimental works, landscape and urban planning is of high priority. On the other hand, the effect of aesthetics on the perception, experience and changes of landscape is highly highlighted. According to research-oriented perspectives, aesthetics is very important for perception and experience of landscape. Aesthetics also affect the changes of landscape. Nowadays, aesthetics plays a significant role in the landscape architecture and is used as a driver to change the landscape in term of cultural values, social justice and environmental rights.. Aesthetics provide a new form of sustainable landscape and contribute to beauty, acceptance and make sense of the landscape. The objective of this study was to find the paradigm of landscape aesthetics in the future. According to the qualitative data of previous studies, to understand future researches in the field of aesthetic landscape, three different approaches should be concerned that are described in detail in this study. These approaches including phenomenological, psychological and ecological can shape the general paradigm of landscape aesthetic and determine the direction of the future researches in the field of landscape; therefore, this paper tries to answers these questions: what are the new approaches to study the landscape aesthetics? How these approaches can be used to shape the researches in the field of landscape aesthetics in the future? This is a descriptive-analytical study.. In this study, scientists' views and intellectual typology of the past century have been collected by analysis of the approaches mentioned above. If the phenomenological approach is perceived as the exchanged type and the ecological approach as a holistic one, psychological approach is as psychological and evolutionary approach. According to the results of study on the future researches on landscape aesthetics, the approaches mentioned above are neither incompatible nor consistent. These approaches complement each other, but explain different aspects of landscape aesthetics.
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Visual quality is a significant issue in today's modern world which needs to be evaluated. This assessment is based on the observer's perception and sight of space and attempts to introduce the criteria of spatial desirability in the landscape. Analysis of the relationships between visual quality and structural features of the landscape is an effective way of conducting cognitive research. For this purpose, the analysis of visual quality was considered by compiling measurement and evaluation criteria, based on the concept of user preferences, in the part of Tehran-Qom Freeway, near the northeastern side of Imam Khomeini International Airport (Iran). The main objective of this research is to present a strategic plan for preserving and restoring the ecological landscape, creating a sense of place in the region, emphasizing gradual changes in the landscape during the movement and considering its relation to landscape aesthetics. For this purpose, after the questionnaire was prepared, the classifying visual quality method (Q-Sort) was used. Finally, using the results obtained from landscape analysis, identifying the components which led to the lack of visibility of individuals, and by using the geographic information systems (GIS), the strategic design of the area was designed.
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Manzar, the Scientific Journal in Landscape, 2023
Urban landscape, as the consequence of the human perception of diverse dimensions of the city, the physical form, action, and meaning, is an objective-subjective phenomenon. Different human senses, including sight, get information about the urban scene as a perceived reality. “Seeing” is a large aspect of how humans get environmental information as part of their perceptual process. Everything seen in space forms the visual system of the urban landscape which makes sense when it is combined with information received through other senses and interplay with the subjective aspect (one’s understanding based on experiences, memories, conditions, and personal-social characteristics), and the urban landscape. Many studies on the visual system of the urban landscape have focused on the “physical form,” its characteristics, and the way its components are organized, rather than the “activity”, which is part of the urban environment as experienced by humans. As a result, the function of activity in forming the visual system of the urban landscape should be addressed. The present study aims to understand the notion of a visual system in the urban landscape by describing its parts and the types of their correlations, which is accomplished through studying the theoretical relationship between the idea of the urban landscape and its components, as well as explaining perception by highlighting the information obtained through the sense of sight. The data of this descriptive and interpretive study were analyzed using documentary and bibliographic analysis and then were categorized and interpreted using logical reasoning. Findings demonstrate that the components of the urban landscape visual system can be explained in terms of visual elements (such as physical form and activity) and visual values (elements and their correlations quality, including the nine qualities of naturalness, sociability, readability, vitality, and dynamism, beauty, coherence and continuity, sense of identity, complexity, diversity, and contextualism) which are conducted through the research.