FROM NOMADISM TO SEDENTARY LIFE IN CENTRAL ANATOLIA: THE CASE OF RIġVAN TRIBE (1830-1932) A Master's Thesis (original) (raw)

THE OTTOMAN STATE AND SEMI-NOMADIC GROUPS ALONG THE OTTOMAN DANUBIAN SERHAD (FRONTIER ZONE) IN THE LATE 15 TH AND THE FIRST HALF OF THE 16 TH CENTURIES: CHALLENGES AND POLICIES

The main subject of this article is the relationship between the Ottoman state and semi-nomadic groups in the Ottoman Danubian frontier zone (serhad) in the late 15 th and the first half of the 16 th century. Taking the two extremities of the Danubian frontier zone – the provinces of Smederevo in Serbia and Silistre in the northeastern Balkans – as case studies, the article compares the ways in which the Ottoman state dealt with semi-nomadic Vlachs at one end of the frontier zone and Turcoman yürüks (and related groups) at the other. Placing the subject in the broader context of the historical development of the Danubian frontier zone, the author analyzes the Ottoman state's changing policies toward these two groups. Taking into account the largely different historical legacies and demographic make-ups, the article analyzes the many commonalities (as well as some important differences) in the way the Ot-toman government integrated such groups in its administrative structure. It highlights the process in which such semi-nomadic groups, traditionally utilized by the Ottoman state as auxiliary soldiers, were gradually " tamed " by the state in the course of the 16 th century, becoming gradually sedentarized and losing their privileged status.

A glance at the Early Trans-Caucasian culture through its pastoral-nomadic component: A case study from eastern Anatolia.

Tel Aviv, 2000

It has long been claimed that the Early Trans-Caucasian culture had a pastoralnomadic component. I will argue that this component was an integral part of the culture and will endeavour to evaluate the implications of the existence of such a component. The ability of groups practicing pastoral-nomadism to integrate into 'local' communities will be presented as the main factor affecting their regional dispersion and the disintegration of this culture at the end of the Early Bronze Age.

Hammer, E. and B. Arbuckle. 2017. 10,000 years of pastoralism in Anatolia: a review of evidence for variability in pastoral lifeways. Nomadic Peoples 21.2 (Ancient Pastoralisms): 214-267.

Nomadic Peoples, 2017

Archaeological and historical data show that pastoral systems in Anatolia over the last ten thousand years were characterised by a high degree of variability in degree of mobility, land-use and animal preferences, target products and herd management strategies, and political organisation. Long-distance pastoral nomadism was a historically late development in the region, occurring over the last 1,500 to 1,000 years. Ethnographic analogy currently structures the majority of archaeological conclusions concerning pre-modern pastoralism, but obscures the variability that recent archaeological work brings to light. Multidisciplinary studies seeking empirical data on ancient pastoralism and mobility are critical for developing a more subtle and accurate picture.

The Process of Sedentarization of Semi-nomadic Groups of the Yörüks in Parts of 16th Century Ottoman Rumeli: Migration Control or Tax Control?

2019

The present article is an attempt to reveal the process of adaption of the colonized Muslim population in parts of Ottoman Rumeli -modern Eastern Upper Thrace, where the majority of the migrated population were the semi-nomadic groups of the yörüks. After the establishment of new settlement network in the region at the end of the 15th and first half of the 16th centuries, the huge pasturelands and swamps were converted to regular exploitations under the çift-hane system by the semi-nomadic groups. Last led to the sedentarizaion of some of the yörüks and changes in the settlement network. A role in the process played the ottoman state by implementing special tax policy toward the yörük taxpayers.

Western Historiography Of Ottoman Nomads: The Current State, Trends, Sources And Limitations

This article has chosen the historiography of Ottoman nomads for its subject for two main reasons, both with significant implications for the study of history especially when concerned with the Eurasian continent. Nomads of recent history are quite understudied, which is a unique case in itself, considering the constant vibrant historical research into the last few centuries. This means we are at the unique stage of being able to see a discourse born, and can still affect historical methods and interpretative traditions for they are in the formative stage -something that cannot be said for most areas of study. Taking nomadism as a model means that inferences and conclusions of this article can, to an extent, inform and be extrapolated towards wider Eurasian historywhere nomads play a significant role throughout the ages. The article 2

The transformation of nomadic society in the Arab East

2000

Introduction Martha Mundy and Basim Musallam 1. Environment and development Paul Sanlaville 2. The emergence of agriculture, animal husbandry and pastoral Nomadism in the Near East Jacques Cauvin 3. Prehistoric and historic pastoral strategies in the Syrian Steppe A. V. G. Betts and K. W. Russell 4. The Syrian Steppe during the last century of Ottoman rule: Hawran and the Palmyrena Norman Lewis 5. Nomadic territory as a factor in defining Arabia's boundaries J. C. Wilkinson 6. French Mandate policy in the Syrian Steppe Christian Velud 7. State politics and Beduin adaptations in Saudi Arabia, 1900-80 Ugo Fabietti 8. The politics of rural policy in East Jordan, 1920-89 Tariq Tall 9. Government policy and protective systems in the arid regions of Syria since the 1930s Ronald Jaubert 10. Shaykhs, peasants and party comrades: political change in Northern Syria Sulayman N. Khalaf 11. The extension of sheep-rearing and agriculture in the Syrian Steppe Francoise Metral 12. Production an...