Detection of Patogens Using Microfluidics and Biosensors (original) (raw)
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Detection of Pathogens Using Microfluidics and Biosensors
Biosensing Technologies for the Detection of Pathogens - A Prospective Way for Rapid Analysis, 2018
Point-of-care devices technology are a promising way towards the recognition of pathogens in early-stage diagnosis, which is critical for the success of inexpensive treatments as opposed to the high costs of managing the disease. The integration of immunoassays with read out circuitry allows the implementation of diagnostic devices for their use by untrained personnel, without compromising reliability. In the following chapter, three different biosensors based on lab-on-a-chip (LoC) and microfluidic technologies were designed, assembled and tested for pathogen diagnosis. The devices allowed the effective detection of the human papilloma virus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Chagas parasite in shorter times and with smaller sample volumes than those required by current clinical diagnosis techniques. All devices were benchmarked against commercial techniques in terms of cost and time requirement per test.
Chapter 8 Detection of Pathogens Using Microfluidics and Biosensors
2018
Point-of-care devices technology are a promising way towards the recognition of pathogens in early-stage diagnosis, which is critical for the success of inexpensive treatments as opposed to the high costs of managing the disease. The integration of immunoassays with read out circuitry allows the implementation of diagnostic devices for their use by untrained personnel, without compromising reliability. In the following chapter, three different biosensors based on lab-on-a-chip (LoC) and microfluidic technologies were designed, assembled and tested for pathogen diagnosis. The devices allowed the effective detection of the human papilloma virus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Chagas parasite in shorter times and with smaller sample volumes than those required by current clinical diagnosis techniques. All devices were benchmarked against commercial techniques in terms of cost and time requirement per test.
Point-of-care microfluidic devices for pathogen detection
Biosensors & bioelectronics, 2018
The rapid diagnosis of pathogens is crucial in the early stages of treatment of diseases where the choice of the correct drug can be critical. Although conventional cell culture-based techniques have been widely utilized in clinical applications, newly introduced optical-based, microfluidic chips are becoming attractive. The advantages of the novel methods compared to the conventional techniques comprise more rapid diagnosis, lower consumption of patient sample and valuable reagents, easy application, and high reproducibility in the detection of pathogens. The miniaturized channels used in microfluidic systems simulate interactions between cells and reagents in microchannel structures, and evaluate the interactions between biological moieties to enable diagnosis of microorganisms. The overarching goal of this review is to provide a summary of the development of microfluidic biochips and to comprehensively discuss different applications of microfluidic biochips in the detection of pa...
Biosensor-Based Microfluidic Platforms for Rapid Clinical Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria
2024
Pathogenic bacteria are commonly found in food, water, and soil, posing significant public health challenges globally. Therefore, early, rapid, and highly sensitive strategies for monitoring the bacterial proliferation are crucial for ensuring public health, medical diagnosis, and food safety. Compared to traditional techniques, microfluidic platforms provide powerful detective tools characterized by high integration, high throughput, ease of operation, low reagent consumption, and high sensitivity. Driven by substantial commercial demand, research and development in microfluidic-based rapid detection methods and technologies has progressed significantly derived by the interdisciplinary integration of multiple disciplines. In this review, progress in clinical detection of pathogenic bacteria with microfluidic biosensors, including microfluidic devices for point-of-care (POC) testing, is summarized. Strategies for pathogenic bacteria detection, containing their advantages and disadvantages are discussed in detail. Advanced platforms for capturing and detecting pathogenic bacteria, such as microchannels, microarrays, digital microfluidics (DMF) and paper-based platforms, are highlighted. The accomplishments and shortcomings of these microfluidic devices are also summarized. Additionally, case studies of biosensor-based microfluidic devices used for detecting diseases caused by bacterial imbalances are listed. Finally, possible research perspectives for further development in highly effective biosensor-based microfluidics for clinical detection of pathogenic bacteria are proposed.
Biosensors
Better diagnostics are always essential for the treatment and prevention of a disease. Existing technologies for detecting infectious and non-infectious diseases are mostly tedious, expensive, and do not meet the World Health Organization’s (WHO) ASSURED (affordable, sensitive, specific, user-friendly, rapid and robust, equipment-free, and deliverable to end user) criteria. Hence, more accurate, sensitive, and faster diagnostic technologies that meet the ASSURED criteria are highly required for timely and evidenced-based treatment. Presently, the diagnostics industry is finding interest in microfluidics-based biosensors, as this integration comprises all qualities, such as reduction in the size of the equipment, rapid turnaround time, possibility of parallel multiple analysis or multiplexing, etc. Microfluidics deal with the manipulation/analysis of fluid within micrometer-sized channels. Biosensors comprise biomolecules immobilized on a physicochemical transducer for the detection ...
Integrated On-Chip Microfluidic Immunoassay for Rapid Biomarker Detection
Procedia Engineering, 2016
Infectious diseases remain a major health concern in many parts of the developing world, where access to adequate health care and modern diagnostic tools are absent. Current diagnostic technologies like ELISA and PCR require large sample volumes, bulky, expensive instrumentation, highly trained personnel, long experimental time, and a modern infrastructure that developing countries lack. Hence, portable, low cost tools would be a huge first step towards making accurate diagnostics available to a wider range of patients worldwide. In this work, we present a portable, microfluidic platform, controlled via a smartphone application, that requires no external pumping and is capable of rapid (within 18 minutes) 6-step colorimetric detection of an array of vaccinia virus proteins spotted on a nitrocellulose pad. We envision this platform as a first step to a fully integrated, portable immunoassay that can be used to expand global healthcare.
Recent advances in lab-on-a-chip technologies for viral diagnosis
Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2020
The global risk of viral disease outbreaks emphasizes the need for rapid, accurate, and sensitive detection techniques to speed up diagnostics allowing early intervention. An emerging field of microfluidics also known as the lab-on-a-chip (LOC) or micro total analysis system includes a wide range of diagnostic devices. This review briefly covers both conventional and microfluidics-based techniques for rapid viral detection. We first describe conventional detection methods such as cell culturing, immunofluorescence or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), or reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). These methods often have limited speed, sensitivity, or specificity and are performed with typically bulky equipment. Here, we discuss some of the LOC technologies that can overcome these demerits, highlighting the latest advances in LOC devices for viral disease diagnosis. We also discuss the fabrication of LOC systems to produce devices for performing either individual steps or virus detection in samples with the sample to answer method. The complete system consists of sample preparation, and ELISA and RT-PCR for viral-antibody and nucleic acid detection, respectively. Finally, we formulate our opinions on these areas for the future development of LOC systems for viral diagnostics.
An integrated microfluidic real-time PCR system for pathogen detection
The development of microfluidics-based PCR for rapid genetic analysis with direct application in pathogen detection is an emerging research field. System integration to effectively connect individual function modules is an important aspect for the practical use of microfluidics PCR for diagnosis applications. Here we present our preliminary development of a fully-integrated microfluidic Real-Time PCR system with thermal cycler and online fluorescence detection module. The PCR microfluidic chip was fabricated in PDMS for rapid prototyping. The thermal cycler allows rapid temperature cycling with high accuracy (i.e. the average heating and cooling rate are 4.46℃/s and 4.36℃/s respectively). Using this developed system, we successfully demonstrated real-time PCR detection of E. coli O157:H7 with 20µL of PCR reaction mixture. Further development will lead to a more compact and portable microfluidic Real-Time PCR system that offers a useful tool for various biomedical research and clinical applications.