CORRELATION OF PROLACTIN LEVELS WITH THYROID HORMONE LEVELS IN THYROID DISORDERS, INFERTILITY AND MENSTRUAL DISORDERS (original) (raw)
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Thyroid Hormone Inhibition of the Prolactin Response to Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone
Journal of Clinical Investigation, 1973
influence of serum triiodothvronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) concentrations on the release of prolactin in man was studied by determining the prolactin response to synthetic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in hypothyroid and hyperthyroid patients before and after correction of their serum thyroid hormone abnormalities. The maximum increment in serum prolactin above the basal level (maximum A prolactin) was used as the index of response to TRH. In 12 patients with primary hypothyroidism, the maximum A prolactin in response to TRH fell from 100.5± 29.1 ng/ml (mean +SEM) before treatment to 36.1±6.0 ng/ml (P < 0.01) during the 4th Nk of treatment with 30 jug T3 + 120 jug T4 daily. The mean serum T3 level increased from 57±8 to 138+10 ngl100 nml! and the mean serum T4 level increased from 3.0±0.4 to 7.2±0.4 Ag/lOO ml during this treatment. In eight normal subjects the maximum Aprolactin in response to TRH was not significantly different during the 4th wk of treatment with 30 Ag T3 + 120 /g T4 daily from the response before treatment. In 10 patients with hvperthyroidism, the maximum Aprolactin in response to TRH increased from 14.2±2.9 ng/ml before treatment to 46.9±6.7 nig/ml (P < 0.001) during antithyroid treatment. The mean serum T3 level fell from 313±47 to 90±8 ng/100 ml, and the mean serum T4 level fell from 20.8±2.5 to 6.8+ 0.6 Ig/100 ml during this treatment. These results show that changes from normal serum levels of T3 and T4 are associated with changes in prolactin responses to TRH; subnormal serum levels of T3 and T4 increase TRH-induced prolactin release,
European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 1981
Hypothyroidism-induced hyperprolactinemia, with or without clinical manifestations, is reported in a short case in addition to the results of basal and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-induced prolactin values in primary hypothyroidism. In comparison with an age-and sex-matched group, basal-(P< 0.02) and TRHinduced (P < 0.02) prolactin values are significantly increased in primary hypothyroidism. A review of the literature and the possible pathogenesis of hyperprolactinemia, amenorrhea and galactorrhea are discussed. No correlation could be found between maximal thyrotropin (TSH) and prolactin-increase values.
A Study on Serum FSH, LH and Prolactin Levels in Women with Thyroid Disorders
Thyroid disorders both hypo and hyperthyroidism are frequently seen in women, the incidence of hypothyroidism is being much higher than hyperthyroidism. Reported studies in these two conditions on reproductive physiology in women and in experimental female animals have shown that both hypo and hyperthyroidism are associated with delay in onset of puberty, anovulation, various menstrual irregularities, infertility and spontaneous abortions. The present study conducted on the levels of FSH, LH and Prolactin in 36 women subjects between the age group 18 – 35 years out of which 10 are control, 26 are with thyroid disorders. In this 26 thyroid disorder patients 16 are hypothyroid cases and 10 are hyperthyroid cases. The result of the present study indicates that there is significant (>0.001) increased basal levels of serum LH as compared to FSH. Thus the ratio of LH: FSH altered from 1:1 to 6:1, and also there is significant (>0.001) increase in serum prolactin levels in hypothyroidism, where as no change in hyperthyroidism seen.
The prevalence of hyperprolactinaemia in overt and subclinical hypothyroidism
Endocrine Journal, 2010
HyperprolactInemIa is a common condition that can result from a number of causes, including medication use, hypothyroidism, and pituitary disorders. Depending on the underlying cause and consequences of the hyperprolactinemia, selected patients may require treatment. Hyperprolactinaemia may develop in patients with primary hypothyroidism through a variety of mechanisms. In response to the hypothyroid state, a compensatory increase in the discharge of central hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone occurs, which results in stimulation of prolactin (PRL) secretion. Furthermore, prolactin elimination from the systemic circulation is reduced, which contributes to increased prolactin concentrations [1-4]. Other reasons
Neuroendocrinology Letters, 1984
The prolactin (PRL) response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) was evaluated in 686 patients over a 4-year period. Of the 170 control subjects tested, none had a blunted PRL response to TRH. Eighty patients with prolactinomas documented by surgery were tested. Ninety-five percent (76 of 80) of these patients had an abnormally blunted PRL response to TRH. Of the 87 patients with a prolactinoma who did not undergo surgery, 98% (85 of 87) had a blunted PRL response to TRH. Many patients with other pituitary and hypothalamic diseases (pituitary tumors other than prolactinomas [Cushing's disease, acromegaly, chromophobe adenoma], craniopharyngioma) also had an abnormal PRL response to TRH (79 of 153, 52%). In the majority of patients with hyperprolactinemia due to dopamine antagonist medications, TRH stimulation did not produce a normal rise in PRL. The TRH test may be helpful in confirming the diagnosis of prolactinoma, but it is not a decisive factor in the diagnosis or management of this entity. Fertil Steril43:66, 1985; Hyperprolactinemia is a common finding in women with oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea. 1 The processes which most commonly cause hyperprolactinemia include: pituitary or hypothalamic disease, drugs which are dopamine antagonists, hypothyroidism, pregnancy, and chronic renal failure. 2 To aid in the differential diagnosis of
Investigation of Thyroid Hormones and Prolactin Levels in Fertile and Infertile Women
MIDDLE BLACK SEA JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE, 2016
Objective: This study was conducted to investigate thyroid hormones and prolactin levels in fertile and infertile women. Materials and Methods: The study enrolled a total of 84 women, 40 infertile and 44 fertile, aged between 15-45 years and applied to Kars Maternity and Child Hospital, Obstetrics Clinic and Artvin State Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic. The study population was divided into 3 groups: Group P (n=30, women having primary infertility), Group S (n=10, women having secondary infertility) and Group F (N=44, fertile women). Blood samples were obtained in early follicular phase and serum thyrotropin (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT 3) , free thyroxine (FT 4) and prolactin levels were determined by Microparticle Enzyme Immunoasay (MEIA) method. Results: Serum TSH levels were 1.70±0.40, 1.60±0.20 and 0.80±0.20 µIU/ml for the groups F, P and S, respectively (p> 0.05). FT 3 levels were 2.36±0.06, 2.46±0.09 and 2.35±0.2 pg/ml while FT 4 levels were 0.98±0.02, 0.94±0.04 and 1.00±0.03 ng/dl for the groups F, P and S, respectively. There was a significant negative correlation between TSH and FT 4 (p=0.012, r =-0.275) and a significant positive correlation between FT 3 and FT 4 (p=0.002, r = 0.330). Serum prolactin levels were measured as 16.70±2.60, 21.10± 2.10 and 16.00±1.90 ng/ml respectively for the groups F, P and S and no significant difference was detected between the groups with respect to prolactin levels (p >0.05). Conclusion: As a result, there was no difference between the groups in terms of TSH, FT 3 , FT 4 and prolactin levels. Hormone levels were generally within normal limits and therefore we determine no significant relationship between infertility and investigated parameters in this study.
The effect of thyroid hormones on prolactin secretion by cultured bovine pituitary cells
Metabolism, 1982
The effect of thyroid hormones and thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) on prolactin (PRL) secretion has been studied using a primary calf anterior pituitary cell culture system. After mechanical and enzymatic dispersion, cultured pituitary cells were preincubated with T, or T, for 45 hr prior to a 24 hr experimental incubation. T, stimulated the release of PRL into the medium in a dose-related fashion, with an ED, of 3 nM; at 10 nM T,, a maximal 52 k 5% stimulation (p-c 0.001) was observed. T, at 100 nM stimulated medium PRL 27 + 10% (p-C 0.05); the ED, for T, was 20 nM. Neither T, nor T, affected intracellular PRL content. The stimulation of medium PRL by T, was observed in medium containing 10% euthyroid as well as 10% charcoal-stripped hypothyroid calf serum. The relative stimulation by TRH of PRL release into the medium was significantly diminished by 10 nM T, in euthyroid and stripped hypothyroid serum medium, but only as a consequence of the stimulation of basal medium PRL by T,; there was no change in maximal TRH-stimulated PRL release. In medium supplemented with unstripped hypothyroid serum, however, T, did decrease absolute TRH-stimulated PRL release.
STATUS OF THYROID AND PROLACTIN HORMONE LEVELS AMONG PRIMARY INFERTILITY PATIENTS
Objective: Infertility is defined as the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. Hyperprolactinemia and thyroid dysfunction are associated with reproductive dysfunction and infertility. Hypothyroidism and hyperprolactinemia are found to be closely interrelated. This study aimed to observe the level of serum prolactin, free Tri-iodothyronine (fT3), free Thyroxine (fT4) and Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in women with primary infertility and to correlate the level of serum prolactin with TSH. Methods: The study was conducted on patients visiting OPD because of infertility at the Medicine and Gynecology and Obstetrics department of Services Hospital Lahore for one year duration from May 2019 to May 2020. The study included 50 women with primary infertility and 50 healthy controls of same age. Serum prolactin, fT3, fT4 and TSH levels were measured in all subjects. Results: The mean age of participants was 26.8 years. The median serum prolactin (21.8) and TSH levels (4.5) were found to be significantly high in the case group (p<0.001). Out of the total subjects with hyperprolactinemia, 51.1% were found to have hypothyroidism. There was a moderately strong, positive and significant correlation between serum prolactin and TSH levels (r=0.62, p<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that at a cutoff value of 22.5 ng/ mL for serum prolactin, a sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 82% could be achieved for detecting hypothyroidism. Conclusion: The high incidence of hyperprolactinemia and thyroid disorders in primary infertility underlines the fact that all women coming to consult for infertility should be advised to undergo thyroid function tests and assess prolactin in the early stages of infertility control.