Measuring the beliefs on alcohol craving by using craving beliefs questionnaire: preliminary results of its psychometric properties in a Turkish sample (original) (raw)
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Journal of Cognitive-Behavioral Psychotherapy and Research, 2012
Objective: In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Beliefs About Substance Use Questionnaire (BSU) which was originally developed by Wright (1993). Method: Seventy alcohol addicted inpatients, who were admitted to Ankara Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital Psychiatry Clinic, 31 healthy volunteers who had never used alcohol and 33 social drinkers were evaluated. For all groups, BSU and Craving Beliefs Questionnaire (CBQ), for the patient groups, Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment (CIWA), Dysfunctional Attitudes Questionnaire (DAS) and Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ) were used as the assessment tools. The correlations and differences between the questionnaires were studied. Results: Mean age of the addicted patients, healthy controls and social drinkers were 42,3± 7,0, 33,5± 9,9 and 33,2± 8,9, respectively. In patient group, mean BSU score was 46,4 ± 21,2. For alcohol addicts, internal r...
Addiction, 2005
Aims The goal of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties and factor structure of the Alcohol Craving Questionnaire (ACQ). Design and participants The German version of the ACQ was administered to a sample of 243 alcohol-dependent or alcohol-abusing subjects. A subgroup of the sample (n = 46) completed the German translation of the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS) and the ACQ a second time. Measurements To validate the factor models, confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were carried out. Examination of the psychometric properties of the ACQ included the analysis of the item characteristics to exclude non-sensitive items, an exploratory factor analysis of the remaining items and calculation of internal consistency, test-retest reliability and convergent validity. Findings Neither of the two models showed a satisfactory correspondence. An exploratory factor analysis of a revised version of the ACQ (ACQ-R), based on the psychometric properties of the items, revealed two stable factors ('urge and intention to drink alcohol' and 'reinforcement') with high internal consistency, test-retest reliability and convergent validity. The model fit was also excellent in the CFA. Conclusions The ACQ-R is a reliable and valid instrument to assess alcohol craving. However, the ACQ-R lacks items related to loss of control. Therefore a multi-dimensional assessment, e.g. the combination of the ACQ-R and the OCDS, is recommended.
Craving Typology Questionnaire (CTQ): A scale for alcohol craving in normal controls and alcoholics
Comprehensive Psychiatry, 2013
Introduction: Craving is commonly thought to play a crucial role both in the transition from controlled drinking to alcohol dependence and in the mechanism underlying relapse. However there is no consensus on its definition, and on its correct assessment. Another significant hindrance is that craving is almost certainly a multi-faceted construct. To this respect a three pathway psychobiological model able to differentiate craving into a reward, relief, and obsessive component has been suggested. Methods: CTQ was administered to 547 control subjects and to 100 alcohol dependent patients. The dimensional structure of the questionnaire, through the principal component analysis, the reliability and the threshold values were evaluated in both the control and clinical sample.
Psychometric Properties of the Penn Alcohol Craving Scale
Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 1999
Background This study introduces the Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS), which has been used in several clinical trials at the University of Pennsylvania's Treatment Research Center. The PACS is a five-item, self-report measure that includes questions about the frequency, intensity, and duration of craving, the ability to resist drinking, and asks for an overall rating of craving for alcohol for the previous week. Each question is scaled from 0 to 6.
Factor analysis and validity of a short six-item version of the Desires for Alcohol Questionnaire
Reductions in cravings have been associated with improved recovery from alcohol and other drug use problems. Self-report assessments of cravings provide a way of monitoring progress over the course of treatment particularly in residential settings. There is a need to develop brief craving measures suitable for repeat administration. The aim of the study was to assess the reliability and validity of a six-item version of the Desires for Alcohol Questionnaire (DAQ-6). In study 1 exploratory factor analysis involving 710 participants attending residential treatment revealed two factors: 'expectancy of negative reinforcement' and 'strong desires and intentions'. In study 2 confirmatory factor analysis replicated this factor structure in an independent sample of 116 participants. Both studies provided evidence for convergent and discriminant validity of the DAQ-6 when compared to other measures. The DAQ-6 shows promise as a brief self-report measure of cravings but the utility of the separate subscales in treatment contexts requires further research.
Performance of a craving criterion in DSM alcohol use disorders
Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs, 2010
Adding a craving criterion--presently in the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, diagnosis of alcohol dependence--has been under consideration as one possible improvement to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), and was recently proposed for inclusion by the DSM Substance-Related Disorders Work Group in the Fifth Revision of diagnostic criteria for alcohol use disorders. To inform cross-cultural applicability of this modification, performance of a craving criterion was examined in emergency departments in four countries manifesting distinctly different culturally based drinking patterns (Mexico, Poland, Argentina, United States). Exploratory factor analysis and item response theory were used to examine psychometric properties and individual item characteristics of the 11 DSM-IV abuse and dependence criteria with and without craving for each country separately. Differential item functioning analysis was performed to e...
Drug and Alcohol Review, 2006
Psychometric properties of Turkish version of the Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale for heavy drinking (YBOCS-hd) were examined in alcohol-dependent male patients. Factor structure, internal consistency and discriminant validity of the YBOCS-hd were analysed in a sample of 117 male patients diagnosed with alcohol dependence. To study its convergent validity, the YBOCS-hd was correlated with the Addiction Severity Index in 34 of the patients. A test-retest reliability study was performed on the data from 34 patients. Correlation between the YBOCS-hd total score and the ASI Alcohol Use score was moderate (r ¼ 0.51). One factor explained 50.2% of the variance. The YBOCS-hd was able to discriminate the groups abstinent for less than 1 month and a second group with at least 1 month of abstinence. Test-retest correlation was high (r ¼ 0.81, ICC ¼ 0.81). The Turkish version of the YBOCS-hd proved to be a reliable and valid instrument measuring craving in alcohol-dependent male individuals. [Ilhan IO, Demirbas H, Dogan YB. Validation study of the Turkish version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale for heavy drinking in a group of male patients. Drug Alcohol Rev 2006;25:357-360]
The Mini Alcohol Craving Experience Questionnaire: Development and Clinical Application
Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research, 2017
Standardized alcohol craving scales are rarely used outside of research environments despite recognized clinical utility. Scale length is a key barrier to more widespread application. A brief measure of alcohol craving is needed to improve research and treatment of alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Grounded in the Elaborated Intrusion Theory of Desire, the Alcohol Craving Experience (ACE) Questionnaire comprises two 11-item self-report scales that assess past-week frequency and maximum strength of alcohol craving. This study aimed to create a brief version of the ACE while maintaining psychometric integrity and clinical utility. Patients attending a university hospital alcohol and drug outpatient service for the treatment of AUD completed the ACE as part of a questionnaire battery. Three patient samples were utilized: 519 patients with pretreatment and outcome data, 228 patients with pretreatment data, and 66 patients who completed the ACE at treatment sessions 1 and 2. The Frequency sc...
Psychometric properties of the transaddiction craving triggers questionnaire in alcohol use disorder
International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research
Objectives: We aimed to develop the transaddiction craving triggers questionnaire (TCTQ), which assesses the propensity of specific situations and contexts to trigger craving and to test its psychometric properties in alcohol use disorder (AUD). Methods: This study included a sample of 111 AUD outpatients. We performed exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and calculated item-dimension correlations. Internal consistency was measured with Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Construct validity was assessed through Spearman correlations with craving, emotional symptoms, impulsivity, mindfulness, and drinking characteristics. Results: The EFA suggested a 3-factor solution: unpleasant affect, pleasant affect, and cues and related thoughts. Cronbach's coefficient alpha ranged from .80 to .95 for the three factors and the total score. Weak positive correlations were identified between the TCTQ and drinking outcomes, and moderate correlation were found between the TCTQ and craving strength, impulsivity, anxiety, depression, and impact of alcohol on quality of life. Conclusions: The 3-factor structure is congruent with the well-established propensity of emotions and cues to trigger craving. Construct validity is supported by close relations between the TCTQ and psychological well-being rather than between the TCTQ and drinking behaviors. Longitudinal validation is warranted to assess sensitivity to change of the TCTQ and to explore its psychometric properties in other addictive disorders.
Comparison of three models of alcohol craving in young adults: a cross-validation
Addiction, 2004
Aims The aim of study 1 was to develop a three-factor Approach and Avoidance of Alcohol Questionnaire (AAAQ), designed to assess mild and intense inclinations to drink, as well as inclinations to avoid drinking. The aims of study 2 were to cross-validate the AAAQ with an independent sample and to test the goodness-of-fit of three models of craving for alcohol: (a) the traditional unidimensional model; (b) a two-dimensional, approach–avoidance ambivalence model; and (c) an expanded two-dimensional neuroanatomical model that retains avoidance, while positing a threshold that partitions approach into two distinct levels and relates all three factors involved in craving to brain pathways associated with inhibitory processes, reward and obsessive–compulsive behaviour, respectively.Design, setting and participants The survey was administered to 589 Australian university students (69% women) in study 1 and to 523 American university students (64% women) in study 2.Measurements Inclinations to drink and to not drink (AAAQ), drinking behaviour (quantity and frequency), drinking problems (Young Adult Alcohol Problems Screening Test; YAAPST) and readiness for change (Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale; SOCRATES).Findings The expanded two-dimensional neuroanatomical model provided the best fit to the data. The AAAQ explained a substantial proportion of the variance in drinking frequency (41–53%), drinking quantity (49–60%) and drinking problems (43%). AAAQ profiles differed as a function of drinking-related risk, and the three AAAQ scales differentially predicted readiness for change.Conclusions Approach and avoidance inclinations toward alcohol are separable constructs, and their activation may not be invariably reciprocal. Craving can be defined as the relative activation of substance-related response inclinations along these two primary dimensions. There may be a threshold of intensity that separates mild from intense approach inclinations.